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3. Enhancing Charge Transport Performance of n-Doped Conjugated Polymers by Customizing Amphipathic Side Chains

Author

Peng, Xiantao, Ye, Gang, Zhang, Linlong, Kuang, Yazhuo, Shao, Shuyan, and Liu, Jian

Abstract

The charge transport performance of n-doped conjugated polymers is mainly limited by low charge mobility and insufficient charge carrier density. Research efforts in side-chain engineering are still lacking compared to backbone studies, and there is a need to achieve a deeper understanding of the relationship between the side-chain structure and polymer properties. Our report found that the doping efficiency and charge mobility of n-doped conjugated polymers can be improved by customizing the amphipathic side chains. We synthesized three conjugated polymers with a naphthalenediimide core and amphipathic side chains of varying ethylene glycol end group lengths. Increasing the length of the ethylene glycol end group led to higher polarity of the conjugated polymer and a more extended conformation of the side chains in the solution. This resulted in enhanced π-stacking of the polymer chain and improved host-dopant miscibility, facilitating high charge carrier mobility and doping efficiency. However, the insulating side chains diluted the charge transport pathways. The best thermoelectric performance (σ = 2.76 S cm–1and PF ≈ 28.4 μW m–1K–2) and the highest figure-of-merit μC* of 25 F cm–1V–1s–1were achieved when the number of ethylene glycol units was four. Our study demonstrates the potential of tailoring amphipathic side chains to enhance electron transport in extrinsically doped conjugated polymers. It provides valuable guidance for the design of advanced n-type OTE and OECT materials.

Published
2024
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11. Compositional Variation in FAPb1- xSnxI3and Its Impact on the Electronic Structure: A Combined Density Functional Theory and Experimental Study

Author

Kahmann, Simon, Chen, Zehua, Hordiichuk, Oleh, Nazarenko, Olga, Shao, Shuyan, Kovalenko, Maksym V., Blake, Graeme R., Tao, Shuxia, Loi, Maria A., Kahmann, Simon, Chen, Zehua, Hordiichuk, Oleh, Nazarenko, Olga, Shao, Shuyan, Kovalenko, Maksym V., Blake, Graeme R., Tao, Shuxia, and Loi, Maria A.

Abstract

Given their comparatively narrow band gap, mixed Pb-Sn iodide perovskites are interesting candidates for bottom cells in all-perovskite tandems or single junction solar cells, and their luminescence around 900 nm offers great potential for near-infrared optoelectronics. Here, we investigate mixed FAPb1-xSnxI3 offering the first accurate determination of the crystal structure over a temperature range from 293 to 100 K. We demonstrate that all compositions exhibit a cubic structure at room temperature and undergo at least two transitions to lower symmetry tetragonal phases upon cooling. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations based on these structures, we subsequently reveal that the main impact on the band gap bowing is the different energy of the s and p orbital levels derived from Pb and Sn. In addition, this energy mismatch results in strongly composition-dependent luminescence characteristics. Whereas neat and Sn-rich compounds exhibit bright and narrow emission with a clean band gap, Sn-poor compounds intrinsically suffer from increased carrier recombination mediated by in-gap states, as evidenced by the appearance of pronounced low-energy photoluminescence upon cooling. This study is the first to link experimentally determined structures of FAPb1-xSnxI3 with the electronic properties, and we demonstrate that optoelectronic applications based on Pb-Sn iodide compounds should employ Sn-rich compositions.

Published
2022

15. Research on a Precision Load Control System Suitable for Shandong Electric Power Communication Network

Author

Wang Peng, Ye Han, Shao Shuyan, Li Xun, and Xie Fei

Subjects
Electronic stability control, Computer science, business.industry, Control system, Limit (music), Electric power, business, Grid, Automation, Telecommunications network, Automotive engineering, Power (physics)
Abstract

With the successive commissioning of the Shanghai Miao to Linyi and Zarut to Qingzhou UHV DC projects, traditional on-site safety and stability control methods are difficult to meet the needs, and the stable operation of the power grid faces greater risks. Shandong Power Grid will form multiple DC high power Infeed operation mode. In order to cope with the complex system stability problems under the new situation, this paper designs a precise load control system suitable for the characteristics of Shandong Power Grid based on the composition characteristics of the Shandong Electric Power Communication Network. Through the "system protection level" precise load shedding control method, the North China-Central UHV tie-line disconnection at the initial stage of the grid failure, the rapid drop of the frequency of the North China grid, the power flow limit of the main channel, the excess power of the Shandong power supply section, and the grid spinning reserve are solved Insufficiency and other issues, to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the large power grid.

Published
2021
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21. Performance Test of Power Service Based on Slicing Packet Network

Author

Wang Yimeng, Shao Shuyan, Wang Peng, Zhang Liyang, and Xie Fei

Subjects
Service (systems architecture), Transmission delay, Computer science, business.industry, Network packet, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Transmission system, 01 natural sciences, Telecommunications network, Scheduling (computing), 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Isolation (database systems), Test plan, business, Computer network
Abstract

With the development of large-bandwidth and IP-based bearer services in the power communication network, the existing SDH+PTN transmission system has been unable to meet the business development requirements during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period. SPN technology has evolved from PTN technology, which not only can provide ultra-large bandwidth, but also has highly reliable hard isolation (FlexE), which can carry low-delay scheduling data networks and other control services in areas I and II, as well as Carrying large-bandwidth data communication networks and other management services in areas III and IV. This paper proposes a test plan for the SPN analog networking, and tests the service isolation capability, transmission delay, and hybrid networking capabilities of the SPN networking. The analysis and comparison of the test results can provide support for the introduction of SPN technology by Shandong Electric Power during the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan” period, and at the same time lay the foundation for the development of the transmission system of the electric power communication network.

Published
2020
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38. Solar Cells: Enhancing the Performance of the Half Tin and Half Lead Perovskite Solar Cells by Suppression of the Bulk and Interfacial Charge Recombination (Adv. Mater. 35/2018)

Author

Shao, Shuyan, primary, Cui, Yong, additional, Duim, Herman, additional, Qiu, Xinkai, additional, Dong, Jingjin, additional, ten Brink, Gert H., additional, Portale, Giuseppe, additional, Chiechi, Ryan C., additional, Zhang, Shaoqing, additional, Hou, Jianhui, additional, and Loi, Maria Antonietta, additional

Published
2018
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39. Enhancing the Performance of the Half Tin and Half Lead Perovskite Solar Cells by Suppression of the Bulk and Interfacial Charge Recombination

Author

Shao, Shuyan, primary, Cui, Yong, additional, Duim, Herman, additional, Qiu, Xinkai, additional, Dong, Jingjin, additional, ten Brink, Gert H., additional, Portale, Giuseppe, additional, Chiechi, Ryan C., additional, Zhang, Shaoqing, additional, Hou, Jianhui, additional, and Loi, Maria Antonietta, additional

Published
2018
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47. Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency.

Author

Shao, Shuyan, Liu, Jian, Portale, Giuseppe, Fang, Hong‐Hua, Blake, Graeme R., ten Brink, Gert H., Koster, L. Jan Anton, and Loi, Maria Antonietta

Subjects
*SOLAR cells, *TIN, *PEROVSKITE, *ENERGY consumption, *VACANCIES in crystals, *CRYSTAL defects
Abstract

Abstract: The low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is mainly attributed to the high background carrier density due to a high density of intrinsic defects such as Sn vacancies and oxidized species (Sn4+) that characterize Sn‐based HPSCs. Herein, this study reports on the successful reduction of the background carrier density by more than one order of magnitude by depositing near‐single‐crystalline formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) films with the orthorhombic a‐axis in the out‐of‐plane direction. Using these highly crystalline films, obtained by mixing a very small amount (0.08 m) of layered (2D) Sn perovskite with 0.92 m (3D) FASnI3, for the first time a PCE as high as 9.0% in a planar p–i–n device structure is achieved. These devices display negligible hysteresis and light soaking, as they benefit from very low trap‐assisted recombination, low shunt losses, and more efficient charge collection. This represents a 50% improvement in PCE compared to the best reference cell based on a pure FASnI3 film using SnF2 as a reducing agent. Moreover, the 2D/3D‐based HPSCs show considerable improved stability due to the enhanced robustness of the perovskite film compared to the reference cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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48. Thermoelectric Performance of n-Type Conjugated Polymer Based on a Quinoidal Unit of Benzodipyrrolidone

Author

Kuang, Yazhuo, Yang, Mingqun, Pan, Langheng, Ye, Gang, Shao, Shuyan, Duan, Chunhui, and Liu, Jian

Abstract

Effective charge transport properties and molecular doping efficiency are pivotal for achieving a high performance in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). However, a significant challenge has been the scarcity of electron-deficient building blocks suitable for polymer construction. To address this shortfall, we introduce the quinoidal unit benzodipyrrolidone (BDP) into the realm of organic thermoelectrics for the first time. This work investigates the n-doping and thermoelectric properties of two BDP-based n-type polymers, PBDP-2F and PBDP-2CN. Notably, PBDP-2CN exhibited an ELUMOof −4.13 eV, representing a 0.11 eV reduction compared to PBDP-2F. Due to its high electron affinity, PBDP-2CN can be doped more easily than PBDP-2F, resulting in higher thermoelectric performance. Furthermore, our comparative analysis with Raman spectroscopy highlighted the exceptional structural stability of quinoidal-based polymers, as evidenced by the preservation of vibrational modes upon doping compared to P(NDI2OD-T2). This significant contribution heralds the innovative use of BDP as a building block in OTEs and yields crucial insights into the molecular design of n-type polymers for achieving a superior thermoelectric performance.

Published
2024
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49. Elimination of the light soaking effect and performance enhancement in perovskite solar cells using a fullerene derivative

Author

Shao, Shuyan, primary, Abdu-Aguye, Mustapha, additional, Qiu, Li, additional, Lai, Lai-Hung, additional, Liu, Jian, additional, Adjokatse, Sampson, additional, Jahani, Fatemeh, additional, Kamminga, Machteld E., additional, ten Brink, Gert H., additional, Palstra, Thomas T. M., additional, Kooi, Bart J., additional, Hummelen, Jan C., additional, and Antonietta Loi, Maria, additional

Published
2016
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50. Electrophoretic deposited oxide thin films as charge transporting interlayers for solution-processed optoelectronic devices: the case of ZnO nanocrystals

Author

Bai, Sai, He, Shasha, Jin, Yizheng, Wu, Zhongwei, Xia, Zhouhui, Sun, Baoquan, Wang, Xin, Ye, Zhizhen, Gao, Feng, Shao, Shuyan, Zhang, Fengling, Bai, Sai, He, Shasha, Jin, Yizheng, Wu, Zhongwei, Xia, Zhouhui, Sun, Baoquan, Wang, Xin, Ye, Zhizhen, Gao, Feng, Shao, Shuyan, and Zhang, Fengling

Abstract

A promising fabrication method of electron transporting interlayers for solution-processed optoelectronic devices by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of colloidal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals was demonstrated. A low voltage of 3-5 V and a short deposition time of 40 s at room temperature were found to be sufficient to generate dense and uniform ZnO thin films. The EPD ZnO nanocrystal films were applied as ETLs for inverted organic solar cell and polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). By optimizing the EPD processing of ZnO nanocrystal electron transporting layers (ETLs), inverted organic solar cells based on [3,4-b]-thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7): [6-6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6-6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) with an average PCE of 8.4% and 4.0% were fabricated. In combination with the PLEDs and flexible devices results, we conclude that the EPD processed ZnOnanocrystal thin films can serve as high quality ETLs for solution-processed optoelectronic devices., Funding Agencies|National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2011AA050520]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB932402]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [51172203]; Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of Zhejiang Province [R4110189]; Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Province [2013C31057]; Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten); Swedish Research Council (VR)

Published
2015
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