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In the present study, an attempt has been made to build and evaluate Chitosan+Glycerol/Gallic acid/Thymol-silver nanoparticles or chitosan blended (C+G/GA/T-SNPs) film to significantly improve antioxidant and antibacterial activity for accelerated wound healing. Methanolic Gallic acid is used for the first time in antibacterial chitosan control (C+G) films. All developed films, compounds was Thymol and Gallic acid and their synthesized Thymol silver nanoparticles (T-SNPs) and Gallic acid silver nanoparticles (GA-SNPs) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential (ZP), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs are rod and spherical in shape and were sufficient to reduce, capped, and stabilize. T-SNPs and GA-SNPs were measured Dynamic Light scattering and found to be 123.2 nm and 121.1 nm with surface charges of -19.7 and -20.3 respectively. The incorporation of methanolic Gallic acid and T-SNPs into chitosan films, as predicted, effectively enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of Thymol, T-SNPs and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film showed more zone of inhibition than Gallic acid, GA-SNPs and C+G film. The elasticity, texture and folding endurance of the C+G film and C+G/GA/T-SNPs films have been substantially improved. The ecological quality of the generated C+G and C+G/GA/T-SNPs film was determined by the assessment of soil degradation and water degradation parameters. These findings lead to the conclusion that the C+G/GA/T-SNPs film produced with Gallic acid and T-SNPs can improve wound healing. Keywords: Chitosan, Gallic Acid, Thymol Silver Nanoparticles, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a most important crop among the cereals, accounts for over 20% of the total calories and protein available in human food. However, Fusarium graminearum, a devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen of wheat, poses a greater threat to quality wheat grain production as it produces obnoxious mycotoxins. Presently, FHB is a minor disease in India but can cause significant yield and quality losses if rain occurs during mid-anthesis. In plants, epigenetics including DNA methylation and sRNA accumulation regulates gene expression and plays a definitive role in the adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. In a previous study response of wheat to F. graminearum was investigated through transcriptome analysis of lines differing for 2DL FHB resistance QTLs. However, a comprehensive analysis of methylation-related genes in response to pathogen was not performed in that study or any other studies. We re-analyzed the RNA-Seq data of said study to reveal the roles of methylation-related genes in response to F. graminearum. Sixteen methylation-related genes were down-regulated in a susceptible line, 2-2890 (pedigree of line). GO associated these genes with L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine and S-adenosylmethionine and steroid biosynthesis (p-value 0.001). Co-expression analysis of this NIL with methionine S-methyl-transferase gene (MSM; TraesCS1A02G013800) resulted in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR; TraesCS5A02G269300). HMGCR was negatively correlated (-1.00) with genes encoding pathogenesis-related and detoxification proteins and xylanase inhibitors. GO associated these genes with methionine S-methyl transferase (p-value 0.001). Expression of HMGCR was higher (Log2 levels from 3.25 to 4.00) in pathogen inoculated compared to MSM (Log2 levels from 1.25 to 3.25) in mock-inoculated samples. 43 genes were down-regulated by miR9678. These genes are associated with responses to biotic stimulus and glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in GO.

Natural gums and mucilages are familiar for their medicinal and pharmaceutical excipient properties. Mucilages from plant sources are found to be very potential, interesting and valuable in development of desired pharmaceutical dosage forms. Lepidium sativum Linn (Family Cruciferae)is oe of the mucilage containing edible annual herb used to treat various human ailments.The plant possesses flavonoids, coumarins, sulphur glycosides, triterpenes, sterols and various imidazole alkaloids. Parts of plats such as leaves, fruits and seeds along with various extracts of them have different pharmaceutical activities. Lepidium sativum seeds contains large amounts of mucilaginous constituents when soaked in water and a transparent gel forms around the whole seed. It mainly consists of polysaccharides, especially cellulose and uronic acid. Recently mucilarge obtained from its seeds been explored for its excipient property in the development and design of various pharmaceutical dosage forms. This review mainly focuses on application and pharmaceutical excipients properties of mulicage of Lepidium sativum Linn.

The application of Nano-biotechnology for the development of fertilizer to enhance the nutritional kinetics of the plant-soil system for sustainable agricultural systems is being reviewed. Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has caused deleterious effects on the soil microflora, it not only reduces its fertility but also causes lessened remuneration causing financial losses as well as side effects on the environment further causing degradation of biodiversity. Nanotechnology has become a promising area to deal with the above problems, especially in agriculture. With the help of Nano-biotechnology, a conjugated strategy comprising nanomaterials and bio-fertilizers can be achieved which will prove to be a unique, environmentally safe Nano-biofertilizer also having economic value. According to the existing literature, Nano-biofertilizer plays a significant role to modify plant and soil systems for the amelioration of agricultural productivity. Both Nanotechnology and bio-fertilizers work harmoniously due to microbial resurrection as well as nanomaterial coatings delivering higher captivity of soil moisture and vital nutrients of plant and it is because plant growth promoters inside the bioorganic components are generally present and it is either due to direct or indirect relation which can be easily related to various aspects like disease resistance, rhizoremediation and so on. Efforts are being made to review the bio-fertilizer formulations, which are based on nanotechnology with the motive to attain enhanced and sustainable crop production.

The entitled study focuses on exploring the microbial diversity and its applicability in the remediation of metal contaminated soil using microbes which is a reliable, and cost effective technique. Present investigation studied microbiota present in tungsten enriched soil of kuhi-Agargaon-Khobna region using culturable approach confirmed by ICP-MS and SEM-EDS analysis. Furthur applicability in Bioremediation and Azo Dye degradation was studied. XRF analyses of soil samples were performed followed by traditional microbiological analysis for isolation of tungsten tolerant bacteria’s. Tungsten accumulation was confirmed using ICP-MS and SEM-EDS techniques. Different metals and azo dye tolerance studies were conducted. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed the antibiotic resistance profile of these microbes. XRF analyses of soil samples from these regions measured about 300 ppm tungsten/kg of soil at the Agargaon region and 200 ppm tungsten/kg of soil at the Khobna region. The traditional microbiological analysis resulted in two bacterial isolates which were identified for tolerance to tungsten named as Proteus mirabilis strain RS2K and Bordetella avium strain RS3K through 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. These microbes were found to accumulate tungsten intracellularly as confirmed through ICP-MS and SEM-EDS analyses. In addition to (sodium) tungsten, the microbes were tolerant to tungstic acid, ammonium metaparatungstate, mercuric chloride, cobalt chloride and azo dyes .Microbes exhibited well-equipped cellular mechanisms for metal tolerance to survive in heavy metal-laden ecology. The novel strains obtained through a culturable approach in this study contain substantial potential in bioleaching of heavy metals and green mining.

The entitled study focuses on exploring the microbial diversity and its applicability in the remediation of metal contaminated soil using microbes, which is a reliable and cost effective technique. Tungsten enriched soil of Kuhi-Agargaon-Khobna region (Nagpur, India) were analysed by XRF method to detect heavy metals. The traditional microbiological techniques were used to isolate tungsten tolerant microbes. Applicability of these microbes in bioremediation and Azo dye degradation was mainly studied. The two novel bacterial strains, Proteus mirabilis (RS2K) and Bordetella avium (RS3K), were isolated and identified to show the tolerance to tungsten, using 16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis. These novel strains have also shown the tolerance to other metallic salts viz., (sodium) tungsten, tungstic acid, ammonium metaparatungstate, mercuric chloride, cobalt chloride and azo dye. These microbes were found to accumulate tungsten intracellularly as confirmed through ICP-MS and SEM-EDS analyses. Microbes exhibited well-equipped cellular mechanisms for metal tolerance to survive in heavy metal-laden ecology. Current study contains substantial potential in bioleaching of heavy metals and green mining along with Nano bioremediation for heavy metal pollution.

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is adequate for the formulation of stable dichlorofluorescein-induced silver nanoparticles under the boiling method to analyze their effects on the seed germination of Mung seeds (Vigna radiata). Preliminary dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) synthesis evidence by noticing the solution color transformed from a light green color to a dark brown color. The 2.5 ml of dichlorofluoresceine (DCF) solution was found sufficient for the formulation of dichlorofluoresceine induced silver nanoparticles at boiling conditions. Purified dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) measure an average diameter of 293 nm where the majority of nanoparticles were around 159 nm in size with the surface load of-9.35 mV zeta potential value. The impact of dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) on the germination percentage of V. radiata has shown that, the 25% concentration of DCF-SNPs is excellent for the growth of Mung seeds (V. radiata). Overall, the dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles may be constructive for improving the percentage of seed germination at 25% of its concentration and may also be useful for fluorescent measurement using the confocal microscopy technique. Hence, dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) are proposed as an efficient detection system for nanoparticles in agrochemicals for plants.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a most important crop among the cereals, accounts for over 20% of the total calories and protein available in human food. However, Fusarium graminearum, a devastating Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen of wheat, poses a greater threat to quality wheat grain production as it produces obnoxious mycotoxins. Presently, FHB is a minor disease in India but can cause significant yield and quality losses if rain occurs during mid-anthesis. In plants, epigenetics including DNA methylation and sRNA accumulation regulates gene expression and plays a definitive role in the adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. In a previous study response of wheat to F. graminearum was investigated through transcriptome analysis of lines differing for 2DL FHB resistance QTLs. However, a comprehensive analysis of methylation-related genes in response to pathogen was not performed in that study or any other studies. We re-analyzed the RNA-Seq data of said study to reveal the roles of methylation-related genes in response to F. graminearum. Sixteen methylation-related genes were down-regulated in a susceptible line, 2-2890 (pedigree of line). GO associated these genes with L-methionine salvage from methylthioadenosine and S-adenosylmethionine and steroid biosynthesis (p-value 0.001). Co-expression analysis of this NIL with methionine S-methyl-transferase gene (MSM; TraesCS1A02G013800) resulted in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR; TraesCS5A02G269300). HMGCR was negatively correlated (-1.00) with genes encoding pathogenesis-related and detoxification proteins and xylanase inhibitors. GO associated these genes with methionine S-methyl transferase (p-value 0.001). Expression of HMGCR was higher (Log2 levels from 3.25 to 4.00) in pathogen inoculated compared to MSM (Log2 levels from 1.25 to 3.25) in mock-inoculated samples. 43 genes were down-regulated by miR9678. These genes are associated with responses to biotic stimulus and glucan endo-1,4-beta-glucanase in GO.

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was optimized for the detection of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) in diseased plants of mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.& H. cannabinus L.). The LAMP assay was optimized using a set of six primers targeting the MeYVMV genome and could be completed in 30–60 min at 63 °C. The LAMP amplification results were visualized by adding 1 μl of hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) dye in a 25 μl LAMP reaction mixture prior to amplification as well as by electrophoresis. The LAMP assay, which detected MeYVMV in a 10−5-fold diluted total DNA, was more sensitive than the PCR assay (10−4-fold dilution). The optimized LAMP assay was able to detect MeYVMV in different parts of the kenaf and roselle plants. Similarly, the optimized PCR assay was also capable of detecting MeYVMV in all the different parts of the kenaf plant but failed to detect the virus in the stem and flower buds of the roselle plant. Validation of the LAMP and LAMP with HNB dye assays revealed that the optimized reactions can be used successfully for the in-situ detection of MeYVMV in field samples and in virus quarantine programs. This is the first report of the detection of the begomovirus species, MeYVMV, in the mucilaginous plant species, kenaf and roselle, using a LAMP assay.

The greener way of producing silver nanoparticles is the easiest, cheapest and most efficient way of producing large-scale nanoparticles that have no adverse effect on the environment. The nanosynthesis using various methodologies and the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles have been discussed in detail. Plant extracts have been known to be competent for the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles suggested by the various publications. Further, effects of various sources and methods on nanoparticle synthesis have been examined. Additionally, the impact of conditions such as dark, light, heating, boiling, sonication, autoclave on the size and shape of colloidal nanoparticles has been analyzed. Moreover, effects of specific parameters such as leaf extract concentration, AgNO3, reaction temperature, pH, light and stirring time for nanoparticle synthesis are discussed, and the impact of silver nanoparticles on plant physiology has examined.

Toxicity monitoring of harmful radiation is an indispensable issue in modern radioecology. As bioluminescent bacteria have the simplest structure to epitomize the biosphere, their bioluminescence can also act as an indicator of the conditions, therefore assay systems based on luminous bacteria can be used to monitor environmental radiotoxicity. The present investigation explored the measurement of bacterial luminescence, which can be easily computed. Bioluminescent bacterial strains were used to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) and gamma irradiation. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was carried out to observe alterations under exposure. Using a phylogenetic tree, a comparative study of the effect of UV and gamma rays was carried out. The isolated strains showed marked sensitivity towards radiation exposure present in the environment and therefore they could be used as potential biosensing elements for developing an on-site pollution monitoring biosensor.

Situation awareness is the key to security. Surveillance systems are installed in all places where security is very important. Manually observing all the surveillance footage captured is a monotonous and time consuming task. Security can be defined in different terms in different conditions like violence detection, theft identification, detecting harmful activities etc. In crowded public places the term security covers almost all type of unusual events. To eliminate the tedious manual surveillance we have developed a smart surveillance which will detect an anomaly and alert the user and authority without any human interference. It is a very critical issue in a smart surveillance system to instantly detect an anomalous behaviour in video surveillance system. In this project, a unified framework based on deep neural network framework is proposed to detect anomalous activities. This neural network framework consists of (a) an object detection module, (b) an object discriminator and tracking module, (c) an anomalous activity detection module based on recurrent neural network. The system is a web application where user can apply for three different security services namely motion detection, fall detection and anomaly detection which is applicable for monitoring different environment like homes, roads, offices, schools, shops, etc. On detection of anomalous activity the system will notify the user and responsible authority regarding the anomaly through mail with an anomaly detected frame attachment.