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Understanding and enacting standardized food safety practices in a global economy is important. In 2018, a comprehensive food safety training program, including courses in sanitation, food microbiology and mycology, thermal processing, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, cereal quality, and food defense, was delivered to food industry professionals, students, and faculty members in Kyiv, Ukraine. The curriculum included lectures, hands-on laboratories, as well as case studies and product development activities. Prior to the delivery of the curriculum, demographic data were collected (n = 33). Participants' food safety knowledge, attitude, behavior, and skills were assessed prior to the program starting and after program completion (immediately and 6 months later). Food safety knowledge of participants immediately after the program and 6 months later was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than before the program started. Immediately after the delivery of the curriculum and 6 months later, the participants' food safety attitude and behavior were positively enhanced, with long-term, sustained changes in proper food safety practices, training requirements, and regulations. Additionally, handwashing skills were improved significantly because of the training program. Use of case studies and product development activities demonstrated positive impacts on participants' food safety learning experience in terms of awareness of their knowledge, communication skills, and the ability to connect scientific concepts and real-life examples. To our knowledge, little information exists on the use of these training tools with international audiences. This information may be useful to food industry professionals, researchers, and academics who are interested in finding ways to improve the global safety of the food supply through training and education.

The article presents data on the study of the influence of hydrocolloids and protein additives on the technological aspects of gluten-free rice bread production. The method of full-factor experiment PFE 2 3 determined the optimal conditions for bread production - the amount of yeast 1.5% by flour weight, dough moisture 60%, duration of fermentation, and proofing 70 minutes. The prescribed amount of yeast, salt, agar, and gelatin was dissolved in water at 35 °C and mixed with the specified amount of rice flour. The dough was kneaded for 15 minutes. The dough was placed in the mould and left to ferment for 40 minutes and stand for 30 minutes at the temperature of 30 °C. After fermentation, the dough was divided into pieces weighing 50 grams, placed in baking tins, and baked for 35 - 40 minutes at the temperature of 180 °C. Since adding polysaccharides and protein improvers to the recipe of gluten-free dough to regulate its technological properties can significantly affect the intensity of fermentation and the activity of amylolytic enzymes of flour, studied the dynamics of carbon dioxide release gluten-free rice dough. It was found that additives of protein nature increase the amount of carbon dioxide accumulation in gluten-free dough by 33 - 44%. It is experimentally substantiated that the recommended duration of fermentation of rice flour dough with the addition of gelatin is 45 - 50 min, with the addition of agar 25 - 30 min, and the mixture of gelatin and agar 35 - 45 min. It is established that to achieve full readiness of bread based on rice flour, it is possible after 35 minutes of baking at 200 °C. When extending the duration of heat treatment, the quality of bread does not change, so long-term heat treatment is not economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and introduction of high quality gluten-free products is one of the priorities of food industry. Feasibility of producing gluten-free steamed bread based on rice and corn flour using flaxseed, sunflower, sorghum and quinoa flour additives is proved in the article. Recommended ratios of flours are established: Frc:Ffs 95:5, Frc:Fsn 95:5, Fcn:Fqn 85:15, Fcn:Fsg 90:10. The parameters of dough kneading are studied and the influence of additives on relative elasticity, plasticity and resilience is established. Use of additives leads to a decrease in irreversible relative deformation of dough for 36 - 68% and relative plasticity for 16 - 18%, to increase of its elasticity relative resilience up to 2.3 times. Dough fermentation process is investigated. It is established that amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in gluten-free dough increases by 10 - 30%. Process of acid accumulation during fermentation is studied. A flow chart for the production of gluten-free steamed bread is proposed. The parameters for the production of gluten-free steamed bread were established and justified. Product is prepared in a single-phase method, adopted in practice of baking bread. The duration of dough mixing is 10 - 15 min, fermentation 20 - 35 min. Steam treatment is carried out under atmospheric pressure. Recommended steam processing time is 35 min for bread based on rice flour, 30 min for based on corn flour. In comparison with the traditional technological scheme, it is recommended to use a double boiler instead of an oven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homogenization is a necessary process in the production of drinking milk and most dairy products. The specific energy consumption of the most common valve homogenizers reaches 8 kW h.t-1. A promising way to reduce it is the introduction of more effective counter-jet homogenizers. The purpose of these studies is to increase the efficiency of machines of this type through fuller use of their kinetic energy. To achieve this, the design of a ring reflector was developed and experimental studies were carried out to determine its influence on the efficiency of milk fat dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer. Calculations were made to determine the reflector's design parameters. An installation for experimental research has been developed, in which the required milk pressure is created with the help of compressed carbon dioxide. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of milk sample micrographs obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C# software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of research, the formula for defining the angle of the reflector top has been determined analytically. Experimental studies proved its validity and allowed determination of the optimal diameter. A comparison of the dependence of the degree of homogenization on the excess pressure in a counter-jet homogenizer proves a 15 - 20% increase in the degree of dispersion when using a reflector. At the same time, specific energy consumption does not increase. Comparison of the distribution curves of milk fat globules by size after counter-jet homogenization and homogenization with a reflector suggests that the average diameter of fat globules for the experimental method decreases from 0.99 to 0.83 µm. This indicates the high quality of the dispersal characteristics of the milk emulsion after processing in a counter-jet homogenizer with a reflector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for monofloral, original, and special (functional) kinds of honey, or those with geographical indication, is forecast. At the same time, there is a need to improve the methods for determining the botanical and geographical origin of honey. The purpose of the research was to select and apply a variety of techniques for identifying the botanical origin of honey for its correspondence to acacia species. Samples of honey from the Kyiv, Odesa, and Dnipro regions extracted in the spring and summer period were used in the research. Organoleptic, physicochemical, NMR spectrometry, and advanced melissopalynology methods were applied. The tests were carried out at the laboratories of the Department of Certification and Standardization of Agricultural Products, NULES, Ukraine; the Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products; and the Bruker BioSpin GmbH company (Germany). According to the research results, the requirements for acacia honey were met by the organoleptic method for samples B1 and B2; by the physicochemical method for A0 and A2; by NMR spectroscopy for not a single sample, all being assessed as polyfloral; and by pollen analysis for B1 and B2. The conducted studies confirm the need for a comprehensive approach to the identification of the botanical origin of honey for its conformity to acacia species. There is a need to review the physicochemical indicators for the compliance of honey with the acacia species obtained in Ukraine. After all, even the modern NMR spectrometry technique indicated that the specially fabricated sample that did not contain acacia pollen grains was acacia honey. Identification of the botanical origin of monofloral honey, in particular acacia, should be carried out in the following sequence: pollen analysis (by dominant pollen grains), safety (presence of antibiotics, pesticides), physicochemical parameters according to international requirements, organoleptic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of hydrocolloids and animal protein concentrates on the formation of the foam-like structure of gluten-free non-yeast dough as the main factor for bread quality formation. The use of CMC in a concentration of 0.5% is found to be appropriate. The bread volume increases to 236 cm³.100g-1 in comparison with the control sample in water - 202 cm³.100g-1. It is proved that the suggested additives in the amounts of 0.5 - 1.0% Helios-11 and 0.5% CMC solution cause 100% resistance of egg white foam. In this case, the foaming ability increases with the addition of Helios-11 only in amounts up to 1.0%, then decreases for higher amounts of Helios-11 or in the presence of CMC. This can be explained by the increase in density of the whipping mass and the ability of both additives to thicken solutions. In the presence of the additives, the foamy texture of the dough changes. The number of large pores (0.7 - 1.5 mm) decreases almost fourfold, and the number of small and very small pores (0.1 - 0.5 mm) increases significantly. The index of form resistance of the control sample is 32, and in the presence of 0.5% CMC with 0.5 - 1.0% APC is 20 - 21, which indicates a decrease in the surface tension of the aqueous solutions with additives, to a large extent, in the case of joint use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of transglutaminase in the presence of different commodity forms of animal protein on the aggregating ability of gluten, ion-binding ability of proteins in gluten-free flour was studied. Given that increase in the strength of the hydrate layer around the protein molecule allows to reach an increase in the aggregation stability of protein, it was considered appropriate to investigate the effect of additives on the aggregating ability of gluten. To prove the mechanism of interaction of additives with gluten-free flour, potentiometric titration method was used. Increase in the aggregating ability of gluten and ion-binding ability of flour proteins in the presence of the studied additives was proved. Nonadditive binding of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions by gluten-free flour proteins, which indicates the interactions among different proteins was found. Also, the peculiarities of the process of aggregation of gluten proteins in solution in the presence of the mentioned additives, which lie in increasing the overall degree of aggregation and its rate were determined. The results are aimed at improving the structural and mechanical properties of flour dough, pasta and flour formed products, gluten-free bread. Improved quality of gluten-free bread - a noticeable increase in the volume and porosity of bread, better shape and appearance was confirmed experimentally. Herewith, enzyme together with gelatin have the greatest impact. Also, the structural and mechanical properties of pasta dough and cooking properties of prepared pasta are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]