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1. Urinary dysfunction in women following total mesorectal excision versus partial mesorectal excision for treatment of rectal cancer

Author

Henry H. Chill, Shani Y. Parnasa, Noam Shussman, Roie Alter, Briggite Helou, Adiel Cohen, Alon J. Pikarsky, and David Shveiky

Subjects
Rectal cancer, Total mesorectal excision, Partial mesorectal excision, Urinary dysfunction, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer is a condition which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess urinary dysfunction and its effect on quality of life in women who underwent total mesorectal excision compared to women treated by partial mesorectal excision for treatment of rectal cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary university hospital between January 2014 and December 2019. A comparison was performed between women who underwent total mesorectal excision as opposed to partial mesorectal excision for treatment of rectal cancer. Pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data were compared between groups. Data regarding radiation therapy was recorded and compared as well. Urinary dysfunction and its impact on quality of life were assessed using UDI-6 and USIQ questionnaires. Further univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the attempt of assessing risk factors for urinary dysfunction. Results A total of 107 women were included in the study, 73 women underwent partial mesorectal excision as opposed to 34 women who were treated by total mesorectal excision. Twenty-five women in the TME group underwent radiation therapy prior to surgery as opposed to none in the PME group (p

Published
2021
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2. The Large Array Survey Telescope -- System Overview and Performances

Author

Ofek, E. O., Ben-Ami, S., Polishook, D., Segre, E., Blumenzweig, A., Strotjohann, N. L., Yaron, O., Shani, Y. M., Nachshon, S., Shvartzvald, Y., Hershko, O., Engel, M., Segre, M., Segev, N., Zimmerman, E., Nir, G., Judkovsky, Y., Gal-Yam, A., Zackay, B., Waxman, E., Kushnir, D., Chen, P., Azaria, R., Manulis, I., Diner, O., Vandeventer, B., Franckowiak, A., Weimann, S., Borowska, J., Garrappa, S., Zenin, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Konno, R., Kusters, D., Sadeh, I., Parsons, R. D., Berge, D., Kowalski, M., Ohm, S., Arcavi, I., and Bruch, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is a wide-field visible-light telescope array designed to explore the variable and transient sky with a high cadence. LAST will be composed of 48, 28-cm f/2.2 telescopes (32 already installed) equipped with full-frame backside-illuminated cooled CMOS detectors. Each telescope provides a field of view (FoV) of 7.4 deg^2 with 1.25 arcsec/pix, while the system FoV is 355 deg^2 in 2.9 Gpix. The total collecting area of LAST, with 48 telescopes, is equivalent to a 1.9-m telescope. The cost-effectiveness of the system (i.e., probed volume of space per unit time per unit cost) is about an order of magnitude higher than most existing and under-construction sky surveys. The telescopes are mounted on 12 separate mounts, each carrying four telescopes. This provides significant flexibility in operating the system. The first LAST system is under construction in the Israeli Negev Desert, with 32 telescopes already deployed. We present the system overview and performances based on the system commissioning data. The Bp 5-sigma limiting magnitude of a single 28-cm telescope is about 19.6 (21.0), in 20 s (20x20 s). Astrometric two-axes precision (rms) at the bright-end is about 60 (30)\,mas in 20\,s (20x20 s), while absolute photometric calibration, relative to GAIA, provides ~10 millimag accuracy. Relative photometric precision, in a single 20 s (320 s) image, at the bright-end measured over a time scale of about 60 min is about 3 (1) millimag. We discuss the system science goals, data pipelines, and the observatory control system in companion publications., Comment: Submitted to PASP, 15pp

Published
2023
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3. The Large Array Survey Telescope -- Science Goals

Author

Ben-Ami, S., Ofek, E. O., Polishook, D., Franckowiak, A., Hallakoun, N., Segre, E., Shvartzvald, Y., Strotjohann, N. L., Yaron, O., Aharonson, O., Arcavi, I., Berge, D., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Gal-Yam, A., Garrappa, S., Hershko, O., Nir, G., Ohm, S., Rybicki, K., Segev, N., Shani, Y. M., Sofer-Rimalt, Y., and Weimann, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is designed to survey the variable and transient sky at high temporal cadence. The array is comprised of 48 F/2.2 telescopes of 27.9cm aperture, coupled to full-frame backside-illuminated cooled CMOS detectors with $3.76$$\mu$m pixels, resulting in a pixel scale of $1.25\mathrm{arcsec}$. A single telescope with a field of view of $7.4\mathrm{deg}^2$ reaches a $5\sigma$ limiting magnitude of $19.6$ in $20$s. LAST 48 telescopes are mounted on 12 independent mounts -- a modular design which allows us to conduct optimized parallel surveys. Here we provide a detailed overview of the LAST survey strategy and its key scientific goals. These include the search for gravitational-wave (GW) electromagnetic counterparts with a system that can cover the uncertainty regions of the next-generation GW detectors in a single exposure, the study of planetary systems around white dwarfs, and the search for near-Earth objects. LAST is currently being commissioned, with full scientific operations expected in mid 2023. This paper is accompanied by two complementary publications in this issue, giving an overview of the system (Ofek et al. 2023a) and of the dedicated data reduction pipeline (Ofek et al. 2023b).

Published
2023
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7. The Large Array Survey Telescope—Science Goals

Author

Ben-Ami, S., primary, Ofek, E. O., additional, Polishook, D., additional, Franckowiak, A., additional, Hallakoun, N., additional, Segre, E., additional, Shvartzvald, Y., additional, Strotjohann, N. L., additional, Yaron, O., additional, Aharonson, O., additional, Arcavi, I., additional, Berge, D., additional, Ramazani, V. Fallah, additional, Gal-Yam, A., additional, Garrappa, S., additional, Hershko, O., additional, Nir, G., additional, Ohm, S., additional, Rybicki, K., additional, Sadeh, I., additional, Segev, N., additional, Shani, Y. M., additional, Sofer-Rimalt, Y., additional, and Weimann, S., additional

Published
2023
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8. The Large Array Survey Telescope—System Overview and Performances

Author

Ofek, E. O., primary, Ben-Ami, S., additional, Polishook, D., additional, Segre, E., additional, Blumenzweig, A., additional, Strotjohann, N.-L., additional, Yaron, O., additional, Shani, Y. M., additional, Nachshon, S., additional, Shvartzvald, Y., additional, Hershko, O., additional, Engel, M., additional, Segre, M., additional, Segev, N., additional, Zimmerman, E., additional, Nir, G., additional, Judkovsky, Y., additional, Gal-Yam, A., additional, Zackay, B., additional, Waxman, E., additional, Kushnir, D., additional, Chen, P., additional, Azaria, R., additional, Manulis, I., additional, Diner, O., additional, Vandeventer, B., additional, Franckowiak, A., additional, Weimann, S., additional, Borowska, J., additional, Garrappa, S., additional, Zenin, A., additional, Fallah Ramazani, V., additional, Konno, R., additional, Küsters, D., additional, Sadeh, I., additional, Parsons, R. D., additional, Berge, D., additional, Kowalski, M., additional, Ohm, S., additional, Arcavi, I., additional, and Bruch, R., additional

Published
2023
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9. Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy is non-inferior to excisional hemorrhoidectomy in long-term follow-up: A comparative study

Author

Rachel Gefen, Adham Handal, Carmel Ben-Ezra, Shani Y. Parnasa, Ido Mizrahi, Mahmoud Abu-Gazala, Alon J. Pikarsky, and Noam Shussman

Abstract

Purpose: Symptomatic hemorrhoids are one of the most common perianal problems with various treatment options. Up to 20% of patients suffering from symptomatic hemorrhoids will require surgery. Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy (EH) and stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) are both standard and safe procedures. While SH has a short-term advantage of faster recovery and lower postoperative pain, its long-term efficacy is debatable. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of EH and SH. Methods: This retrospective study compares outcomes of patients who underwent surgical treatment for symptomatic hemorrhoids in our institution during a time period of over 5 years. Eligible patients were contacted by phone and were asked to answer a questionnaire to evaluate recurrent symptoms, fecal incontinence, satisfaction, and quality of life improvement. Results: Three hundred sixty-two patients were included, of whom 215 underwent SH, 99 underwent EH, and 48 underwent a combined procedure. Twenty-three patients (6.3%) suffered postoperative complications or were readmitted. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding rate of complications, symptoms' recurrence, or fecal incontinence. A higher proportion of patients who underwent SH stated they would undergo the surgery again if they had to (p=0.011). There was no difference in quality of life improvement between the groups (p=0.904). Conclusion: Stapled hemorrhoidopexy is non-inferior to hemorrhoidectomy in long-term follow-up regarding patient satisfaction, quality of life improvement, and symptoms' recurrence.

Published
2022
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11. The Influence of Realistic Mathematics Education on the Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability and Learning Independence of Class V Students at Jarakan State Elementary Schools

Author

Shani Yuniartika, T Trisniawati, Dewi Anggreini, and Fitrilia Silvianti

Subjects
problem solving ability, independent learning, rme, scientific, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

This research aims to describe the influence of the realistic mathematic education approach model on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities and define the impact of the realistic mathematic education approach on students' learning independence. The sample used in this research was the VA and VB classes of Jarakan State Elementary School, with 35 students in each class. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The instruments used in this research were test questions on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities and learning independence questionnaires. The research test carried out by the researcher used a significance level of 5% so that if the significance value is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the realistic mathematic education approach positively affects students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The learning independence test can be seen by comparing the total score, mean value, and percentage of the level of student response contained in the descriptive statistical analysis. If the score, mean, and percentage of student response level percentage of the experimental class are higher than the control class, it can be concluded that the realistic mathematic education approach has a positive influence on student learning independence.

Published
2024
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12. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: A systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Zickfeld, JH, Ven, NV, Pich, O, Schubert, TW, Berkessel, JB, Bhushan, B, Mateo, NJ, Barbosa, S, Sharman, L, Kokonyei, G, Schrover, E, Kardum, I, Aruta, JJB, Lazarevic, LB, Escobar, MJ, Stadel, M, Arriaga, P, Dodaj, A, Shankland, R, Majeed, NM, Li, YS, Lekkou, E, Hartanto, A, Ozdogru, AA, Vaughn, LA, Espinoza, MD, Caballero, A, Kolen, A, Karsten, J, Manley, H, Maeura, N, Eskisu, M, Shani, Y, Chittham, P, Ferreira, D, Bavolar, J, Konova, I, Sato, W, Morvinski, C, Carrera, P, Villar, S, Ibanez, A, Hareli, S, Garcia, AM, Kremer, I, Gotz, FM, Schwerdtfeger, A, Estrada-Mejia, C, Nakayama, M, Ng, WQ, Sesar, K, Orjiakor, CT, Dumont, K, Allred, TB, Gracanin, A, Rentfrow, PJ, Schonefeld, V, Vally, Z, Barzykowski, K, Peltola, HR, Tcherkassof, A, Haque, S, Smieja, M, Su-May, TT, IJzerman, H, Vatakis, A, Ong, CW, Choi, E, Schorch, SL, Paez, D, Malik, S, Kacmar, P, Bobowik, M, Jose, P, Vuoskoski, JK, Basabe, N, Dogan, U, Ebert, T, Uchida, Y, Zheng, MX, Mefoh, P, Sebena, R, Stanke, FA, Ballada, CJ, Blaut, A, Wu, Y, Daniels, JK, Kocsel, N, Burak, EGD, Balt, NF, Vanman, E, Stewart, SLK, Verschuere, B, Sikka, P, Boudesseul, J, Martins, D, Nussinson, R, Ito, K, Mentser, S, Colak, TS, Martinez-Zelaya, G, and Vingerhoets, A

Subjects
Emotional tears, Social support, Attachment, Cross-cultural, Emotional crying
Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.

Published
2021

13. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: a systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, and Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A.

Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood.

Published
2021

14. Tears evoke the intention to offer social support: a systematic investigation of the interpersonal effects of emotional crying across 41 countries

Author

Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Zickfeld, J. H.; van de Ven, N.; Pich, O.; Schubert, T. W.; Berkessel, J. B.; Pizarro, J. J.; Bhushan, B.; Mateo, N. J.; Barbosa, S.; Sharman, L.; Kökönyei, G.; Schrover, E.; Kardum, I.; Aruta, J. J. B.; Lazarevic, L. B.; Escobar, M. J.; Stadel, M.; Arriaga, P.; Dodaj, A.; Shankland, R.; Majeed, N. M.; Li, Y.; Lekkou, E.; Hartanto, A.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Vaughn, L. A.; del Carmen Espinoza, M.; Caballero, A.; Kolen, A.; Karsten, J.; Manley, H.; Maeura, N.; Eşkisu, M.; Shani, Y.; Chittham, P.; Ferreira, D.; Bavolar, J.; Konova, I.; Sato, W.; Morvinski, C.; Carrera, P.; Villar, S.; Ibanez, A.; Hareli, S.; Garcia, A. M.; Kremer, I.; Götz, F. M.; Schwerdtfeger, A.; Estrada-Mejia, C.; Nakayama, M.; Ng, W. Q.; Sesar, K.; Orjiakor, C. T.; Dumont, K.; Allred, T. B.; Gra?anin, A.; Rentfrow, P. J.; Schönefeld, V.; Vally, Z.; Barzykowski, K.; Peltola, H.-R.; Tcherkassof, A.; Haque, S.; ?mieja, M.; Su-May, T. T.; IJzerman, H.; Vatakis, A.; Ong, C. W.; Choi, E.; Schorch, S. L.; Páez, D.; Malik, S.; Ka?már, P.; Bobowik, M.; Jose, P.; Vuoskoski, J. K.; Basabe, N.; Doğan, U.; Ebert, T.; Uchida, Y.; Zheng, M. X.; Mefoh, P.; Šebe?a, R.; Stanke, F. A.; Ballada, C. J.; Blaut, A.; Wu, Y.; Daniels, J. K.; Kocsel, N.; Balt, N. F.; Vanman, E.; Stewart, S. L. K.; Verschuere, B.; Sikka, P.; Boudesseul, J.; Martins, D.; Nussinson, R.; Ito, K.; Mentser, S.; Çolak, T. S.; Martinez-Zelaya, G.; Vingerhoets, A., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

Tearful crying is a ubiquitous and likely uniquely human phenomenon. Scholars have argued that emotional tears serve an attachment function: Tears are thought to act as a social glue by evoking social support intentions. Initial experimental studies supported this proposition across several methodologies, but these were conducted almost exclusively on participants from North America and Europe, resulting in limited generalizability. This project examined the tears-social support intentions effect and possible mediating and moderating variables in a fully pre-registered study across 7007 participants (24,886 ratings) and 41 countries spanning all populated continents. Participants were presented with four pictures out of 100 possible targets with or without digitally-added tears. We confirmed the main prediction that seeing a tearful individual elicits the intention to support, d = 0.49 [0.43, 0.55]. Our data suggest that this effect could be mediated by perceiving the crying target as warmer and more helpless, feeling more connected, as well as feeling more empathic concern for the crier, but not by an increase in personal distress of the observer. The effect was moderated by the situational valence, identifying the target as part of one's group, and trait empathic concern. A neutral situation, high trait empathic concern, and low identification increased the effect. We observed high heterogeneity across countries that was, via split-half validation, best explained by country-level GDP per capita and subjective well-being with stronger effects for higher-scoring countries. These findings suggest that tears can function as social glue, providing one possible explanation why emotional crying persists into adulthood., National Science Centre, Poland; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange Bekker Programme; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology; Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Hungarian Brain Research Programme; Internal Fund of the Open University of Israel

Published
2021

24. The dark side of giving monetary gifts

Author

Shani, Y., Danziger, S., Zeelenberg, M., Petruzzellis, L., Winer, R.S., and Department of Social Psychology

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING
Published
2016

26. Distributed Bragg reflector Pb1-xSnxSe/Pb1-x-yEuySnxSe diode lasers with a broad single-mode tuning range.

Author

Shani, Y., Rosman, R., Katzir, A., Norton, P., Tacke, M., and Preier, H. M.

Subjects
*LASERS, *MOLECULAR beam epitaxy, *EMISSION spectroscopy
Abstract

Reports on the fabrication of distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) Pb[sub1-x]Sn[subx]/Pb[sub1-x-y]Eu[suby]Sn[subx] double heterostructure stripe geometry diode lasers using molecular-beam epitaxy. Illustration of the mounting arrangement of the DBR laser of the wide single-mode tuning range; Purpose of recording the emission spectra.

Published
1988
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27. Exertional heat illness

Author

Kashmeery, Amin, Shani, Y, Moran, D S, Heled, Y, Shapiro, Y, Epstein, Y, Dearing, Jonathan, Brahams, Diana, Porter, Martin, and Porter, Alan

Subjects
Heat exhaustion -- Physiological aspects
Published
2000

32. Delaying information search

Author

Shani, Y., van de Ven, N., Zeelenberg, M., Shani, Y., van de Ven, N., and Zeelenberg, M.

Published
2012

36. In and out: an analysis of epibiotic vs periplasmic bacterial predators.

Author

Pasternak, Z, Njagi, M, Shani, Y, Chanyi, R, Rotem, O, Lurie-Weinberger, M N, Koval, S, Pietrokovski, S, Gophna, U, and Jurkevitch, E

Subjects
BDELLOVIBRIO, PERIPLASM, BACTERIAL colonies, PREDATION, RIBOSOMAL RNA, ANTIBIOTICS
Abstract

Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALO) are obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the α- and δ-proteobacteria. BALO prey using either a periplasmic or an epibiotic predatory strategy, but the genetic background underlying these phenotypes is not known. Here we compare the epibiotic Bdellovibrio exovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus to the periplasmic B. bacteriovorus and Bacteriovorax marinus. Electron microscopy showed that M. aeruginosavorus, but not B. exovorus, can attach to prey cells in a non-polar manner through its longitudinal side. Both these predators were resistant to a surprisingly high number of antibiotic compounds, possibly via 26 and 19 antibiotic-resistance genes, respectively, most of them encoding efflux pumps. Comparative genomic analysis of all the BALOs revealed that epibiotic predators have a much smaller genome (ca. 2.5 Mbp) than the periplasmic predators (ca. 3.5 Mbp). Additionally, periplasmic predators have, on average, 888 more proteins, at least 60% more peptidases, and one more rRNA operon. Fifteen and 219 protein families were specific to the epibiotic and the periplasmic predators, respectively, the latter clearly forming the core of the periplasmic 'predatome', which is upregulated during the growth phase. Metabolic deficiencies of epibiotic genomes include the synthesis of inosine, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and the siderophore aerobactin. The phylogeny of the epibiotic predators suggests that they evolved by convergent evolution, with M. aeruginosavorus originating from a non-predatory ancestor while B. exovorus evolved from periplasmic predators by gene loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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