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Introduction: Wood formation is a crucial developmental stage in the life cycle of a woody plant; this process has substantial scientific research implications and practical applications. However, the mechanisms underlying woody plant development, especially the process of wood formation, remain poorly understood. As eucalyptus is one of the fastest growing tree species in the world, understanding the mechanism of wood formation in eucalyptus will greatly promote the development of molecular breeding technology for forest trees. Results: In this study, we investigated the proteomic profile of immature xylem at four different ages of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urograndis) using iTARQ technology. We identified 5236 proteins and 492 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). The expression profiles of the DAPs corresponding to coding genes associated with wood formation were assessed using qRT-PCR. From the different expression profiles, it is inferred that the genes encoding kinesin, CDKD3, EXPA13, EXPA2, XTH27, EGases, UGT76E2, LAC, CCoAMT, CesA3, PAL, and CAD may undergo posttranscriptional regulation (PTR). Additionally, the genes encoding EIN2, ETR, MC4-like, and XCP may undergo posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Conclusions: We investigated changes in wood formation-related proteins at the protein abundance level in the immature xylem of E. urograndis , thereby elucidating potential regulatory mechanisms of key proteins involved in eucalyptus wood formation. This study may provide theoretical guidance for further research on molecular breeding techniques and genetic improvement related to the cultivation of rapidly growing and high-quality trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eucalyptus is an important plantation tree with a high economic value in China. The tree contributes significantly to China's timber production. The stable and efficient Eucalyptus regeneration system and genetic transformation system are of great significance for exploring the regulatory function and possible genetic breeding capacity of important genes in the species. However, as a woody plant, Eucalyptus has problems, such as a long generation cycle, strong specificity of the regeneration system, and a low genetic conversion rate, which seriously limit the rapid development of Eucalyptus genetics and breeding programs. The present review summarizes the status of research on Eucalyptus regeneration and genetic transformation, with a focus on the effects of explants, media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and concentrations in the Eucalyptus regeneration process. In addition, the effects of genotype, Agrobacterium, antibiotics, preculture, and co-culture on the genetic transformation efficiency of Eucalyptus are discussed. Furthermore, the study also summarizes the problems encountered in Eucalyptus regeneration and genetic transformation, with reference to previous studies, and it outlines future developments and prospects. The aim was to provide a reference for solving the problems of genetic instability and the low transformation efficiency of eucalyptus, and to establish an efficient and stable eucalyptus regeneration and transformation system to accelerate the process of its genetic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: China is one of the countries in the world most seriously affected by typhoons, which pose a great threat to the eucalyptus plantation industry. However, few studies have comprehensively accounted for the impact of key traits on the wind damage/resistance of eucalyptus., Methods: To identify the key factors affecting the wind resistance of eucalyptus, 20 eucalyptus genotypes were selected; a total of 18 traits, including the wind damage index, growth traits, and wood traits, were measured, and the wind resistance was determined via the tree-pulling test., Results: Correlation, principal component, canonical correlation, and path analyses were performed to evaluate these traits. Correlation analysis revealed that the wind resistance of eucalyptus plants was related to the tree height, volume, and duration of stress wave propagation. Principal components and tree-pulling variables were further used for correlation and path analyses. Canonical correlation analysis and the PA-OV model showed that holocellulose and lignin contents and fiber width, as well as growth traits, were important factors affecting the stability of standing trees under typhoon conditions. The key traits influencing the wind resistance of Eucalyptu s camaldulensis , which may provide a reference for evaluating the wind resistance of Eucalyptus varieties for forest management, were identified., Conclusion: This study provides a knowledge base for forest management and planning in typhoon-prone coastal areas, and provides a theoretical basis for the breeding and genetically improving eucalyptus stocks based on wind resistance characteristics., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shang, Zhang, Li, Wang and Wu.)