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The differences in metabolites and related metabolism pathways in colostrum and mature milk from Saanen goats at different lactation stages were explored by untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-orbitrap-MS). The results showed that a total of 118 differential metabolites were found between colostrum and mature milk, among which 62 had higher relative contents in colostrum than in mature milk and 56 had lower relative contents in colostrum than in mature milk. These metabolites were mainly lipids, amino acids, and nucleosides. Nine key metabolic pathways most associated with these metabolites were selected, which jointly regulated the lactation process of Saanen goats, and the citric acid cycle could act as a bridge connecting other metabolic pathways. The number of differential metabolites involved in these metabolic pathways was 12. The differential metabolites with relatively high contents in colostrum were taurine, hypotaurine, taurocholic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, succinic acid, isocitrate, D-maltose, α-lactose, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and glycine. The differential metabolite with relatively high contents in mature milk was N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide. They could be used as potential marker metabolites in the colostrum and mature milk of Saanen goats. Metabolomics technology can also be used for identifying differential metabolites in milk from other dairy species at different lactation stages.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women, underscoring the critical need for accurate and early diagnosis to enhance treatment efficacy. Traditional imaging techniques are limited in their ability to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, particularly in the early stages, for there are very few images available for the lesion area and the resolution of these images is poor. This paper introduces a novel lesion diffusion model that dynamically amplifies lesion areas, providing a multi-frame analysis to improve classification accuracy. By integrating time-aware motion modeling, the proposed method tracks temporal changes in lesions, Generating a sequence of magnified frames highlighting subtle lesion features. Tested on the BUSI breast ultrasound dataset, our model achieved a 10.269% improvement in classification accuracy over baseline methods, with an average gain of 4.645% across multiple frames. The results demonstrate the model's ability to enhance the claim and diagnostic utility of breast cancer images after magnification This dynamic lesion amplification approach presents a significant advancement in computer-aided breast cancer diagnostics, offering new possibilities for improving early-stage detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experimental study on the reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (EB-CFRP) laminate and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) material. A total of six beams were tested under the four-point bending test to investigate the influence of strengthening scheme, type of CFRP laminate and the width of CFRP plate on the flexural response. The results revealed that hybrid strengthened beam with the technical of EB-CFRP and ECC transition layer significantly enhanced the crack load (29.0%–133.3%), yield load (50.9%–96.5%) and ultimate load (50.0%–81.9%) of the beams relative to the control beam. The employment of ECC material was an ideal transition layer for delaying the interfacial debonding of CFRP laminate, where the ultimate tensile strain of CFRP plate in hybrid strengthened beams was 13.2%–33.33% higher than that of beam merely strengthened with EB-CFRP plate. Beams strengthened with CFRP sheet had the greater flexural performance and higher utilization of CFRP than its counterparts strengthened with CFRP plate. Moreover, the predicted model associated with ultimate bearing capacity of the hybrid beams was provided based on ACI 440.2R-08, which was relatively conservative with a margin for the ultimate load of the hybrid strengthened beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistant starch (RS) has being attracted attention due to its health benefits. In this study, combination of spray drying and post‐treatments is adopted to prepare post‐treated spray‐dried corn starch (PSDCS) with high content of RS. Effect of post‐treatment conditions on structural and digestive properties of the PSDCS is investigated. Relative humidity can alter the ordered structures of the PSDCSs due to changes in equilibrium moisture content. When fixing relative humidity at 33%, improvements in short‐range structure and long‐range crystalline structure of the PSDCS obtained at alternant temperature of 4/30 °C (12 h/12 h) are better than those of the PSDCSs obtained at other temperatures. The highest content of RS (29.97%) is found in the PSDCS obtained at 4/30 °C, which is approximately 3.3 times of native corn starch and 5.6 times of spray‐dried corn starch. These findings demonstrate feasibility of preparation of starch products with lower digestibility using spray drying combined with post‐treatments and lay the groundwork for the production and application of products with high content of RS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Whey protein isolate (WPI) nanoparticles can be used in a strategy to improve the bioavailability of curcumin (CUR) although they are generally not stable. Previous studies have indicated that Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs) can increase the stability of WPI. This work investigated systematically the characterization and structure of TFP/WPI nanoparticles with differing CUR content. RESULTS: The highest encapsulation efficiency of CUR was 98.8% and the highest loading content was 47.88%. The TFP‐WPI‐CUR with 20 mg mL−1 of CUR had the largest particle size (653.67 ± 21.50 nm) and lowest zeta potential (−38.97 ± 2.51 mV), and the capacity to retain stability across a variety of salt ion and pH conditions for 21 days. According to the findings of the structural analysis, the addition of TFPs and CUR rendered the structure of WPI amorphous, and the β‐sheet was reduced. Finally, in vitro release indicated that the TFP‐WPI‐CUR combination could regulate the sustained release behavior of CUR. CONCLUSION: In summary, TFP‐WPI nanoparticles can be used as carriers for the delivery of CUR, and can expand applications of CUR in the functional food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photochemical reaction of NO2 with organics may be a source of atmospheric HONO during the daytime. Here, the conversion of NO2 to HONO on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under solar irradiation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was investigated using a flow tube reactor coupled to a NOx analyzer. O2 played an inhibition role in NO2 uptake and HONO formation on PAHs, as shown by 7%–45% and 15%–52% decrease in NO2 uptake coefficient (γ) and HONO yield (YHONO), respectively. The negative effect of O2 on the reaction between NO2 and PAHs should be attributed to three reasons. First, O2 could compete with NO2 for the available sites on PAHs. Second, the quenching of the triple excited state of PAHs (3PAHs*) by O2 inhibited the NO2 uptake. Third, NO3− formed under aerobic conditions reduced the conversion efficiency of NO2 to HONO. The environmental implications suggested that the NO2 uptake on PAHs could contribute to a HONO source strength of 10–120 ppt h−1 in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]