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In recent years, the principle of sustainability has received increasing attention in corporate governance, and corporate sustainability is usually achieved through organizational innovation. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that are critical for companies to influence organizational innovation when promoting Industry 4.0. Our research analyzes the relationship between these factors and Industry 4.0, human resources, and corporate sustainability to investigate organizational innovation and its formative factors against the backdrop of the new industrial era. Integrating partial least squares-structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM), bootstrapping, and other methods, we discover that for companies focusing on promoting Industry 4.0, the most important organizational innovation that affects sustainability is influenced by customer orientation, organizational culture, and leadership style in descending order of influence. Meanwhile, knowledge integration capability (KIC) is more important than knowledge absorptivity. It indicates that in the promotion of Industry 4.0, the trend of sustainability led by the leaders is fading, and the customer-driven trend will become more and more obvious in the future.

Graphical abstract, Identification of exact causative genes is important for in silico drug repositioning based on drug-gene-disease relationships. However, the complex polygenic etiology of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenge in the identification of etiological genes. The network-based core gene identification method can effectively use the interactions between genes and accurately identify the pathogenic genes of ASD. We developed a novel network-based drug repositioning framework that contains three steps: network-specific core gene (NCG) identification, potential therapeutic drug repositioning, and candidate drug validation. First, through the analysis of transcriptome data for 178 brain tissues, gene network analysis identified 365 NCGs in 18 coexpression modules that were significantly correlated with ASD. Second, we evaluated two proposed drug repositioning methods. In one novel approach (dtGSEA), we used the NCGs to probe drug-gene interaction data and identified 35 candidate drugs. In another approach, we compared NCG expression patterns with drug-induced transcriptome data from the Connectivity Map database and found 46 candidate drugs. Third, we validated the candidate drugs using an in-house mental diseases and compounds knowledge graph (MCKG) that contained 7509 compounds, 505 mental diseases, and 123,890 edges. We found a total of 42 candidate drugs that were associated with mental illness, among which 10 drugs (baclofen, sulpiride, estradiol, entinostat, everolimus, fluvoxamine, curcumin, calcitriol, metronidazole, and zinc) were postulated to be associated with ASD. This study proposes a powerful network-based drug repositioning framework and also provides candidate drugs as well as potential drug targets for the subsequent development of ASD therapeutic drugs.

Abnormal accumulations of misfolded Aβ and tau proteins are major components of the hallmark plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. These abnormal protein deposits cause neurodegeneration through a number of proposed mechanisms, including downregulation of the cAMP-response-element (CRE) binding protein 1 (CREB) signaling pathway. Using CRE-GFP reporter cells, we investigated the effects of three coumarin-chalcone derivatives synthesized in our lab on CREB-mediated gene expression. Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate these agents for possible antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration was assessed by pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Of the three tested compounds, (E)-3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (LM-021) was observed to increase CREB-mediated gene expression through protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in CRE-GFP reporter cells. LM-021 exhibited antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects mediated by the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation and its downstream brain-derived neurotrophic factor and BCL2 apoptosis regulator genes in Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Blockage of the PKA, CaMKII, or ERK pathway counteracted the beneficial effects of LM-021. LM-021 also exhibited good BBB penetration ability, with brain to plasma ratio of 5.3%, in in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment. Our results indicate that LM-021 works as a CREB enhancer to reduce Aβ and tau aggregation and provide neuroprotection. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LM-021 in treating AD.

Self-assembly of the corresponding europium and terbium salts with designed chiral ligand (S)-5-((2-carboxy-5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)isophthalic acid (H3L) generated two novel 3D coordination polymers {[Eu(L)]·0.5CH3CN}n (1) and {[Tb(L)]·0.5CH3CN}n (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that 1 and 2 are isostructural metal-organic frameworks built from four-stranded helixes. Complexes 1 and 2 are intriguing homochiral porous architectures with 6,6-connected (48∙66∙8)(413∙62) topology, whose homochirality was further confirmed by their solid-state circular dichroism spectra. Thermal analyses disclose that the desolvated frameworks of 1 and 2 can maintain their structural stability below 370 ​°C. Solid-state photoluminescence studies show that 1 and 2 exhibit strong characteristic Eu(III) and Tb(III) emissions with long lifetimes of 1.31 and 1.35 ​ms, respectively. In addition, 1 and 2 also exhibit significant second harmonic generation activities with their intensities of about 0.29 and 0.31 times larger than that of potassium dihydrogenphosphate, respectively. Very importantly, the excellent thermostabilities and strong red and green emissions of 1 and 2 are of great significance for further exploration of their applications in optical devices.

Utilizing chiral terpyridine derivative ligand (S)-2-((4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)benzyl)amino)propanoic acid (HL) and corresponding Ln(NO3)3, five new isostructural homochiral lanthanide metal–organic frameworks [{[Ln2(HL)2(NO3)4(H2O)4]·NO3·Cl·7H2O}n [Ln = Nd (1), Pr (2), Sm (3), Eu (4), Tb (5)] comprised of left- and right-handed helical chains were solvothermally synthesized. Various means such as IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis were used to characterize the compounds, wherein compounds 1 and 2 were crystallographically characterized. In the structure of representative 1, zwitterionic ligands HL bridge Nd3+ ions through the monodentate coordination of their carboxylates and the tridentate chelation of their terpyridyls, leading to the formation of left- and right-handed helical chains. The adjacent left- and right-handed helical chains are further connected into a 2D helical layer through interchain hydrogen-bonding interactions, and these layers stack up through interlayer π⋯π interactions to form an interesting three-dimensional homochiral cationic architecture with one-dimensional triangular channels wherein guests anions and water are trapped. The compounds were systematically studied with respect to their solid-state optical properties, including CD spectra, and nonlinear optical and luminescent properties, and the results showed that the sensitization effect of HL ligand on the emission of Tb3+ and Eu3+ was better than that of Sm3+.

We synthesized a novel Schiff-based receptor 1, and investigated its binding properties toward various metal ions. Receptor 1 showed a dramatic color change from colorless to red which could easily be detected by the naked-eye upon binding with Cu2 +. The association constant for 1 · Cu2 + in DMSO/H2O (v/v, 1:9) was calculated to be 1.98 × 108 M− 1. With the addition of Na2EDTA to a mixture of receptor 1 and Cu2 +, the solution changed back to its original colorless appearance instantly.

The development of digital technology tool and the progress of animation design activities have led to great progress in the animation field. The storyboard is a type of media used to present animator ideas. Therefore, it is commonly viewed as fundamental to the animation industry. This study aims to discuss cognitive style- and gender-based differences in word and image idea associations and how to create a story using word and image stimuli. Using a cognitive style index instrument, 104 university freshmen (48 males and 56 females) were classified into the four type groups of male analytic, male intuitive, female analytic, and female intuitive. Each participant was then asked to execute two design tasks: associate word and image ideas (ideational process) and develop a storyboard (ideational outcome). Four experts evaluated outcomes in terms of creativity, structure, and drawing skill. Results show that larger numbers of words and images correlate with good word and image ideas and that analytic females exhibited the greatest level of ideation and intuitive males exhibited the least.

The neutrophil is the major phagocyte and the final effector cell of the innate immunity, with a primary role in the clearance of extracellular pathogens. Using the broad array of cytokines, extracellular traps, and effector molecules as the humoral arm, neutrophils play a crucial role in the host defense against pathogen infections. On the other hand, the pathogen has the capacity to overcome neutrophil-mediated host defense to establish infection causing human disease. Pathogens, such asS. aureus, have the potential to thwart neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis and thereby succeed in evading killing by neutrophils. Furthermore,S. aureussurviving within neutrophils promotes neutrophil cytolysis, resulting in the release of host-derived molecules that promote local inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill the extracellular pathogens and how pathogens evade neutrophils degradation. This review will provide insights that might be useful for the development of novel therapies against infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens.

Drawing on theories of cognitive psychology, I have developed a research model to explain the relationship between the visual factors and the aesthetic impression of a web page according to users’ emotional responses. A series of investigations of a web-based learning system were explored in order to further understand the aesthetic impression created by different cognitive styles. The results indicated that: 1) 15 adjective pairs were classified two major visual factors, order and complexity, through semantic difference method and factor analysis; 2) a perceptual map of web-based learning systems was drawn up according to the two dimensions of complexity vs. simple, and order vs. confused; 3) the intermediate students showed higher emotional responses than holistic and analytic students especially in regard to the order factor when viewing a webpage.

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant defective in chloroplast protein import was isolated and the mutant locus, cia5, identified by map-based cloning. CIA5 is a 21-kD integral membrane protein in the chloroplast inner envelope membrane with four predicted transmembrane domains, similar to another potential chloroplast inner membrane protein-conducting channel, At Tic20, and the mitochondrial inner membrane counterparts Tim17, Tim22, and Tim23. cia5 null mutants were albino and accumulated unprocessed precursor proteins. cia5 mutant chloroplasts were normal in targeting and binding of precursors to the chloroplast surface but were defective in protein translocation across the inner envelope membrane. Expression levels of CIA5 were comparable to those of major translocon components, such as At Tic110 and At Toc75, except during germination, at which stage At Tic20 was expressed at its highest level. A double mutant of cia5 At tic20-I had the same phenotype as the At tic20-I single mutant, suggesting that CIA5 and At Tic20 function similarly in chloroplast biogenesis, with At Tic20 functioning earlier in development. We renamed CIA5 as Arabidopsis Tic21 (At Tic21) and propose that it functions as part of the inner membrane protein-conducting channel and may be more important for later stages of leaf development.

Background Polyamine biosynthesis is controlled primarily by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC). Polyamine concentrations are elevated in colorectal cancer. Depletion of polyamine content in colorectal cancer by chemotherapy is related to tumor regression and impaired tumorigenicity. The current study evaluates the therapeutic effects of antisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences on colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Methods Antisense ODC and AdoMetDC sequences were cloned into an adenoviral vector (Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas). The human colon cancer cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2, were infected with Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas as well as with control vector. Viable cell counting, determination of polyamine concentrations, cell cycle analysis, and Matrigel invasion assays were performed in order to assess properties of tumor growth and invasiveness. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas were also evaluated in vivo in a nude mouse tumor model. Results Our study demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated ODC and AdoMetDC antisense expression inhibits tumor cell growth through a blockade of the polyamine synthesis pathway. This inhibitory effect cannot be reversed by the administration of putrescine. Tumor cells were arrested at the G1 phase of the cell cycle after gene transfer and had reduced invasiveness. The adenovirus also induced tumor regression in established tumors in nude mice. Conclusions Our study suggests that Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas has antitumor activity and therapeutic potential for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of various experimental factors on the photoisomerization of nitrobenzaldehyde. The experimental factors included light source, light energy, exposure time, light path distance and the concentration of nitrobenzaldehyde. The results showed that the photoisomerization of nitrobenzaldehyde increased with increasing light exposure. Different light sources and light path distances demonstrated significant impact on the reaction rate constants and half-lives of nitrobenzaldehyde. Although the light energy of UV photoreactor was 47% lower than that of xenon photoreactor, quantum yield and UV/VIS absorption pattern confirmed the finding that the effect of ultraviolet photoreactor on nitrobenzaldehyde was similar to that of xenon photoreactor with the light path of 17 cm. It was caused by the shorter wavelength of UV photoreactor mainly on 254 nn. The product of nitrobenzaldehyde photoisomerization, nitrosobenzoic acid, was detected from samples after 5 or 10 min exposure of three light sources. The concentrations of nitrosobenzoic acid increased with the increasing of exposure time up to 20 or 60 min.

BACKGROUND Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamine is believed to participate in cellular proliferation and differentiation. To study the relationship between ODC and the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the polyamine levels, ODC activities, and expression of ODC mRNA in benign hyperplastic and normal human prostates were assayed. METHODS Polyamine contents and ODC activities in tissue extracts were determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric procedures, respectively. The ODC mRNA levels were assayed by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS The contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in BPH tissues were 2.2, 3.4, and 6.0 times higher than those in normal tissues, respectively; the ODC activity of BPH tissue was about 3.2 times higher than in normal tissue; the expression level of ODC mRNA in the BPH tissues was greater than that of normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that 1) the increased ODC activity and polyamine content in prostatic tissue may correlate with the pathogenesis of BPH, and 2) the high level of ODC activity is induced by the overexpression of ODC mRNA. Prostate 43:83–87, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Import of most nuclear encoded proteins into plastids is directed by an N-terminal transit peptide. Early studies suggested that transit peptides are interchangeable between precursor proteins. However, emerging evidence shows that different transit peptides contain different motifs specifying their preference for certain plastid types or ages. In this opinion article, we propose a 'multi-selection and multi-order' (M&M) model for transit peptide design, describing each transit peptide as an assembly of motifs for interacting with selected translocon components. These interactions determine the preference of the precursor for a particular plastid type or age. Furthermore, the order of the motifs varies among transit peptides, explaining why no consensus sequences have been identified through linear sequence comparison of all transit peptides as one group.

Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates multiple biochemical events. Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases play important roles in regulating the pathogen physiology and interference of host signaling. They are also involved in the evasion of host immune response and blockage of the phagosome-lysosome fusion. Selective inhibition of phosphatase represents an ideal new avenue of anti-tuberculosis drug design. In this paper, we update the progresses about the regulation network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases including MptpA, MptpB, MstP, SapM and their inhibitors. These serve as the basis for further antituberculosis drug target.

The import of certain proteins into chloroplasts is dependent on the age of the organelle, with age-dependent import being controlled by a specific motif within the signal peptide., Gene-specific, age-dependent regulations are common at the transcriptional and translational levels, while protein transport into organelles is generally thought to be constitutive. Here we report a new level of differential age-dependent regulation and show that chloroplast proteins are divided into three age-selective groups: group I proteins have a higher import efficiency into younger chloroplasts, import of group II proteins is nearly independent of chloroplast age, and group III proteins are preferentially imported into older chloroplasts. The age-selective signal is located within the transit peptide of each protein. A group III protein with its transit peptide replaced by a group I transit peptide failed to complement its own mutation. Two consecutive positive charges define the necessary motif in group III signals for older chloroplast preference. We further show that different members of a gene family often belong to different age-selective groups because of sequence differences in their transit peptides. These results indicate that organelle-targeting signal peptides are part of cells' differential age-dependent regulation networks. The sequence diversity of some organelle-targeting peptides is not a result of the lack of selection pressure but has evolved to mediate regulation., Author Summary It is well known that some genes are preferentially transcribed in young tissues and others are specifically expressed in aging tissue, but protein import into organelles is generally thought to be constitutive and independent of age. In this study, we find that, contrary to expectation, in higher plants the import of proteins into chloroplasts is indeed dependent on the age of the organelle. We find that chloroplast precursor proteins can be divided into three age-selective groups, with each having a preference for chloroplasts of a different age. The age-selective signal is located within the signal peptide of each protein that controls organelle import, and we further identify a motif that is necessary to make a signal peptide target older chloroplasts preferentially. We show that different members of a gene family often belong to different age-selective groups, and that changing the sequence motifs within a protein's signal peptide can change its age selectivity. These results indicate that organelle-targeting signal peptides are one set of tools available to multicellular organisms for differential age-specific regulation.

The article analyzes the different demands and system actuality of rural migrant workers about endowment insurance, and then divides rural migrant workers scientifically, which is according to the degree of relation between rural migrant workers and cities. At last, the article proposes that the adaptation of rural migrant workers endowment insurance system's pattern frame.

Background Efficient adenovirus (AdV)-mediated gene transfer is possible only in immature muscle or regenerating muscle, suggesting that a developmentally regulated event plays a major role in limiting AdV uptake in mature skeletal muscle. Previously, we showed that the expression of the primary coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is severely down-regulated during muscle maturation and that, in muscle-specific CAR transgenic mice, there is significant enhancement of AdV-mediated gene transfer to mature skeletal muscle. Methods To evaluate whether increasing CAR expression can also augment gene transfer to dystrophic muscle that has many regenerating fibers, we crossed CAR transgenics with dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx/CAR). We also tested a two-step protocol in which CAR levels were increased in the target muscle, prior to administration of AdV, through the use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV2) expressing CAR. Lastly, we assessed the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on CAR and AdV transduction efficiency in myoblasts and mdx muscle. Results Although somewhat higher rates of transduction can be achieved in adult mdx mice than in normal mice as a result of ongoing muscle regeneration in these animals, CAR expression in the mdx background (mdx/CAR transgenics) still markedly improved the susceptibility of mature muscle to AdV-mediated gene transfer of dystrophin. Prior administration of AAV2-CAR to normal muscle led to significantly increased transduction by subsequent injection of AdV. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproate increased CAR transcript and protein levels in myoblasts and mdx muscle, and also increased AdV-mediated gene transfer. Conclusions We have developed a method of increasing CAR levels in both normal and regenerating muscle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

To construct a recombinant adenovirus that can simultaneously express both antisense ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ( AdoMetDC ) and detect its inhibitory effect on the intracellular polyamine pool and colorectal cancer cell growth.A 205-bp cDNA of AdoMetDC was reverse-inserted into recombinant pAdTrack-ODCas vectors and recombined with pAdEasy-1 vectors in AdEasy-1 cells. Positive clones were selected and transfected into the packaging cell HEK293 after they were linearized by PacI. Green fluorescent protein expression was used to monitor the process of adenovirus packaging. The ODC and AdoMetDC protein levels were identified by western blotting, and intracellular polyamine content was detected by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. A viable cell count was used to determine the growth of HT-29 cells with or without exogenous polyamine.Sequencing confirmed that AdoMetDC cDNA was successfully ligated into the pAdTrack-ODCas vector. GFP expression in 293 cells during virus packing and amplification was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting demonstrated that both ODC and AdoMetDC were downregulated by Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas, and consequently 3 kinds of polyamine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were reduced to very low levels. HT-29 cell growth was significantly inhibited as compared with control conditions, and growth arrest was not reversed by exogenous putrescine.The successfully constructed recombinant adenovirus, Ad-ODC-AdoMetDCas, blocked polyamine synthesis and has therapeutic potential for treating colorectal cancer in vitro.

To investigate the effect of arterial elongation on the arteries and to set up a new method for vessel repair.This study was performed in 24 arteries that underwent different traumatic deficit and acute intra-operative elongation repair. The vessels were harvested and studied by histology, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry on day 1, 7 and 28 after operation.The total unobstructed rate was 100% for deficit group as well as control experimental group. The content of collagen and elastin at various intervals showed no significant difference, the ratio of them also had no significant difference. Following anastomosis, the compliance of arteries was decreased, the peak value of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cell percentage was less than 20%, the internal diameter of elongation and anastomosis edge had no significant difference between deficit group and control group. There were no marked differences in pathological changes between deficit group and control group.Acute intraoperative artery elongation after balloon dilatation is a simple, safe, and effective alternative to vein interposition in the repair of traumatic arterial injuries. It appears to be a useful method in the emergency treatment.

To investigate fluid resuscitation affecting the result of treatment of patients with traumatic shock.Two hundred and fifty-six cases of patients with traumatic shock treated in our hospital between January 1989 and December 2002 were analysed retrospectively, and the volume-effect relationship between fluid resuscitation during the first hour and future of traumatic shock was summarised.The successful rate of resuscitation was 73.05 percent (187 cases), and traumatic mortality was 26.95 percent (69 cases). After 1-hour trauma, the survival rate was 52.27 percent in patients with 1 liter of resuscitation fluid, 75.90 percent in patients with 15-20 liter of resuscitation fluid, and 78.29 percent of more than 20 liter resuscitation fluid, 86.79 percent in mild shock, 80.34 percent in middle shock and 54.65 percent in severe shock.Severe trauma and shock, hypotension and incorrect resuscitation manipulation are the main factors affecting the result of resuscitation and treatment of traumatic shock. It is important to early and correctly expand, especially at the first hour. The aim of resuscitation of traumatic shock is to maintain the hemodynamics and correct O2 defect.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diethylamine and xenon simulated sunlight on the photodegradation of two forms of PCBs including PCBs in transformer oil and PCB congener 138. The result of GC chromatograms illustrated the shifting pattern of higher chlorinated biphenyls in transformer oil degraded to lower chlorinated biphenyls with the extension of exposure time. The effect of diethylamine and xenon simulated sunlight was significant on the photodegradation of both PCBs in transformer oil and congener 138. The initial degradation rates of congener 138 (1.14 x 10(-9) to 4.47 x 10(-9) mol l(-1) h(-1)) were in direct proportion to the initial concentrations of congener 138 which confirmed the pseudo-first-order reaction of PCB photodegradation. The apparent quantum yields (phi) of congener 138 using diethylamine in xenon photoreactor were ranged between 2.08 x 10(-2) and 9.8 x 10(-4). PCB congeners 123, 97, 70, 67, 33, 29, 17, 12, and 9 were detected as the descendants of the photodegradation of congener 138 through dechlorination. The major pathway of congener 138 photodegradation in this study was via para-dechlorination.

Mycobacteriophage SWU1 is a newly isolated phage from a soil sample collected at Gongping village, Pingchang County, Sichuan Province, China, using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc 2 155 as a host. Plaques of SWU1 appear as a unique bull's-eye on an M. smegmatis lawn. In this paper, we report the complete genome sequence of SWU1 and some major findings from the analysis result.

An experimental animal model has been established using i.v. fat injection to mimic fat embolism syndrome (FES). Fourteen healthy mongrel dogs who were administered 0.7 ml/kg of fluid marrow fat obtained from the long bone marrow cavity of mongrel dogs were divided into control and therapeutic groups. The therapeutic group (n = 7) was given dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg) and repeated every 6 h i.v. During 48 h of observation, blood gas analysis and frozen sections were performed on blood samples collected from the pulmonary vessels by a floating catheter and from a peripheral vein at different time intervals. The frozen sections were stained with Oil Red O. Positive results were seen 2 h after fat injection in both pulmonary and peripheral blood samples of both control and therapeutic groups. By computer image analysis, the average median number of fat droplets per section and the average median diameter of fat droplets in pulmonary blood of the control group were found to be significantly higher and larger than were those of the therapeutic group. The average median number and diameter of fat droplets in pulmonary blood were significantly higher and larger than were those of peripheral blood in both control and therapeutic groups. These findings correlated well with blood gas changes and the clinical appearance of the experimental animals. The fat droplets from pulmonary or peripheral blood as demonstrated by Oil Red O staining in combination with blood gases changes [PaO27.99 KPa, difference between the alveolar and arterial oxygen tension (P(A - a)O2)6.09 KPa] may be a rapid method for screening of an earlier diagnosis of FES.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)