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Under the "double carbon" strategy, as the main source of carbon dioxide emissions, the energy industry is the main force in carbon reduction, and cities which are the main energy consumers are the main battleground. Thoroughly implementing the new development concept, building a clean, low-carbon, safe and reliable, intelligent and open energy network, and building a modern intelligent energy system are the key to realizing the low-carbon transformation of the national energy industry. This paper analyzes the requirements of energy Internet development and the shortcomings of energy Internet development based on the necessity of energy Internet development in China, constructs a development evaluation index system, and proposes the development mechanism and policy recommendations of urban energy Internet under the background of "double carbon".

BACKGROUND: In recent years, indocyanine green angiography (ICG-A) has been used increasingly to assist tissue perfusion assessments during plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures, but no guidelines exist regarding its use. We sought to identify areas of consensus and non-consensus among international experts on the use of ICG-A for tissue-perfusion assessments during plastic and reconstructive surgery.METHODS: A two-round, online Delphi survey was conducted of 22 international experts from four continents asking them to vote on 79 statements divided into five modules: module 1 = patient preparation and contraindications (n = 11 statements); module 2 = ICG administration and camera settings (n = 17); module 3 = other factors impacting perfusion assessments (n = 10); module 4 = specific indications, including trauma debridement (n = 9), mastectomy skin flaps (n = 6), and free flap reconstruction (n = 8); and module 5 = general advantages and disadvantages, training, insurance coverage issues, and future directions (n = 18). Consensus was defined as ≥70% inter-voter agreement.RESULTS: Consensus was reached on 73/79 statements, including the overall value, advantages, and limitations of ICG-A in numerous surgical settings; also, on the dose (0.05 mg/kg) and timing of ICG administration (∼20-60 seconds preassessment) and best camera angle (61-90o) and target-to-tissue distance (20-30 cm). However, consensus also was reached that camera angle and distance can vary, depending on the make of camera, and that further research is necessary to technically optimize this imaging tool. The experts also agreed that ambient light, patient body temperature, and vasopressor use impact perfusion assessments.CONCLUSION: ICG-A aids perfusion assessments during plastic and reconstructive surgery and should no longer be considered experimental. It has become an important surgical tool.

Background: The lymphatic system consists of the superficial and deep lymphatic system. Several diagnostic methods are used to assess the lymphatic system. Lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green lymphography are widely applied, both showing disadvantages, such as a poor resolution and lack of field of view. Magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) shows satisfactory temporal and spatial resolution. The aim of this study was to assess both the superficial and deep lymphatic system in the upper extremity of healthy subjects, using an MRL protocol. Methods and Results: Ten healthy volunteers underwent an MRL examination, using a three Tesla MRI unit. Water-soluble gadolinium was used as a contrast agent. MRL images were evaluated by an experienced radiologist on image quality, enhancement of veins and lymphatic vessels, and characteristics of the latter. Overall image quality was good to excellent. In all subjects, veins and lymphatic vessels could be distinguished. Superficial and deep lymphatic vessels were seen in 9 out of 10 subjects. Lymphatic vessels with a diameter between 0.9 and 4.3 mm were measured. Both veins and lymphatic vessels showed their characteristic appearance. Enhancement of veins was seen directly after contrast agent injection, which decreased over time. Lymphatic vessel enhancement slowly increased over time. Mean total MRL examination (room) time was 110 minutes (81 minutes scan time). Conclusions: The MRL protocol accurately visualizes both deep and superficial lymphatic vessels showing their characteristic appearances with high spatial resolution, indicating the MRL can be of value in diagnosing and staging peripheral lymphedema.

A pyridone-based hydrazone probe Sth-NH is established for monitoring the lower lysosomal pH of cancer cells via a turn-on fluorescence mode.

Despite numerous efforts to treat wastewater with sulfonamides, their mineralization has rarely been achieved, resulting in the generation of more toxic by-products. In this study, greater than 75% mineralization of sulfamerazine (SMR) was achieved following 4 h of electrochemical oxidation. Remarkably, the Microtox® toxicity test confirmed the elimination of by-products with higher toxicity. The electrochemical treatment process was carried out using a dynamic oxygen-vacancy-mediated TiO2 anode (TiO2-OV@Ti-F), which comprised oxygen-deficient Ti4O7 coated on titanium-foam (Ti-F) via thermal spraying, allowing simultaneous high reactivity and mass transfer. SMR degradation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model, where the rate constant (kapp = 1.64 × 10−2 min−1) for the rotary TiO2-OV@Ti-F configuration was 1.98-fold greater than that of the static one (kapp = 8.30 × 10−3 min−1). This highlights the superiority of the rotary TiO2-OV@Ti-F anode for SMR decay. The high oxidation capabilities arose from: (i) the synergetic effect between the rotating system and the Ti4O7 coating; (ii) the enhanced mass transfer coefficient (3.49 × 10−5 m s−1) in the rotating configuration, as well as the increase in SMR degradation via direct oxidation, due to a low hole injection energy, as supported by density functional theory calculations; and (iii) boosted ˙OH formation achieved via removing the gas bubbles attached to the anode, along with lower adsorption energies for H2O and ˙OH. The results revealed that rotary TiO2-OV@Ti-F is a promising alternative for antibiotic wastewater treatment owing to its high organic mineralization and low level of energy consumption (0.29 kW per h per gTOC).

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck of alkaline water electrolysis. The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with much faster kinetics was to replace OER. To further promote UOR, a heterojunction structure assembled of CoS

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the bottleneck of water splitting. Hence, we designed a nanowire Co

Microbial pellets technology has undergone extensive research recently and has increasingly matured, showing significant promise. However, the performance of microbial pellets cannot be predicted quickly by the current evaluating methods because they are complicated to operate, take a long time, and pose a risk to the environment. In this study, a representative microbial pellet, fungi-algae pellet, was selected as the research object. Eight evaluation parameters and four evaluation indices were chosen to construct the performance evaluation system of the fungal-algal pellets using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighting method. Combining the correlation analysis and expert opinion, we found that among the eight parameters selected, the adsorption saturation rate of mycelial pellets on algae had the most significant influence weight on the performance of fungi-algae pellet, followed by algal culture time and fungal incubation time. This research proposes and validates the Performance Evaluation Value (PEV) of fungi-algae pellet and its calculation method. We also discuss the effectiveness of this new evaluation system in saving time, cost, and emission reductions. The results of this paper enable the rapid evaluation of fungi-algae pellets and promote the better development of fungi-algae pellets technology and even other multi-microbial symbiotic pellet technologies.

This letter presents a three-bit magnetic analog-to-digital converter (MADC) based on the spin Hall effect, which exploits the spin current flowing at both sides of a heavy metal (HM) layer. The shape of the HM can be adjusted to produce multiple switching thresholds. After the input signal is injected, the magnetization of both free layers in the top and bottom magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) can be switched simultaneously. The converted results could be quantified by the states of the corresponding MTJs. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of quantization, a multilayer structure with a double-check estimation method inspired by or gate operation is designed. This dual-bit MADC can reach up to 667 MHz sampling rate with only 0.17 pJ energy consumption, which is well suited for nonvolatile computing based on magnetic devices.

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a key pathological factor that severely affects the postoperative prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no MVI classification schemes based on standardized gross sampling protocols of HCC are available at present. 119 HCC specimens were sampled at multiple sites (3-, 7-, and 13 points) for the optimum MVI detection rate. 16,144 resected HCCs were graded as M0, M1 or M2 by adopting three-tiered MVI grading (MVI-TTG) scheme based on the seven-point sampling protocol (SPSP). Survival analyses were performed on 2573 patients to explore the advantages of MVI-TTG. The MVI detection rate determined by SPSP was significantly higher than that determined by the 3-point sampling method (34.5% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.048), but was similar to that determined by the 13-point sampling method (47.1% vs. 51.3%, p = 0.517). Among 16,144 resected HCCs, the proportions of M0, M1 and M2 specimens according to SPSP were 53.4%, 26.2% and 20.4%, respectively. Postoperative survival analysis in 2573 HCC patients showed that the 3-year recurrence rates in M0, M1 and M2 MVI groups were 62.5%, 71.6% and 86.1%, respectively (p

Background The distinction between supraclavicular and infraclavicular acute brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) could be challenging in cases of combined shoulder and elbow paresis. The reliability of several preoperative predictors was investigated to avoid unnecessary dissection, prolonged operation time, increased postoperative morbidity, and long scars. Methods Between 2004 and 2013, 75 patients, who sustained acute BPI and presented with motor paresis of shoulder and elbow with preservation of hand function, were included and studied retrospectively. Various predictors including muscles function, sensation, fractures, Tinel's sign and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies were reviewed. Results The highest odds ratio (OR) values for infraclavicular BPI were healthy clavicular head of pectoralis major and biceps, presenting with OR = 36.5 and 31.76, respectively, which were identified the most important predictors. Conclusion A combination of functioning pectoralis major or biceps, scapular fracture, an infraclavicular Tinel's sign, and normal NCV in the musculocutaneous nerve was highly predictive of an infraclavicular level.

Purpose Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is caused by an interruption of the lymphatic system after breast cancer treatment. Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), by which one or more patent lymphatic collecting vessels are connected to subcutaneous veins, shows promising results. Postoperatively, the patency of these anastomosis can be evaluated; however, little is known concerning the long-term patency after LVA in patients with BCRL. The aim of this study was to analyse the long-term patency, quality of life (QoL) and arm circumference after LVA, and to explore differences between patent and non-patent anastomosis and its correlation with clinical improvement. Methods Twenty-five patients underwent indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, lymph ICF-questionnaire, and arm circumference measurement preoperatively and 12 months after the LVA procedure. Results Seventy-six percent of the patients showed at least one patent anastomosis after 12 months. Quality of life according to the Lymph-ICF increased significantly (p Conclusions LVA showed an acceptable patency and positive correlation between a patent anastomosis and clinical improvement after 12 months. Further research with a larger study population is required to determine whether outcomes or patient characteristics significantly correlate with a patent anastomosis after LVA operation.

The magnetic skyrmion transport driven by pure voltage-induced strain gradient is proposed and studied via micromagnetic simulation. Through combining the skyrmion with multiferroic heterojunction, a voltage-induced uniaxial strain gradient is adjusted to move skyrmions. In the system, a pair of short-circuited trapezoidal top electrodes can generate the symmetric strain. Due to the symmetry of strain, the magnetic skyrmion can be driven with a linear motion in the middle of the nanostrip without deviation. We calculate the strain distribution generated by the trapezoidal top electrodes pair, and further investigate the influence of the strain intensity as well as the strain gradient on the skyrmion velocity. Our findings provide a stable and low-energy regulation method for skyrmion transport.

At the very first time, a three-dimensional (3D) iron foam was used as the particle electrode for folic acid (FA) wastewater pretreatment in the electro-Fenton (EF) process. In this work, the effects of key operating parameters, including the initial COD concentration, applied current, initial pH and iron foam dosage were optimized regarding the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN). COD and TN removal percentage of FA wastewater reached 43.5% and 70.4%, respectively during 6 h electrolysis under the following optimal conditions: initial COD concentration of 10,000 mg/L, applied current of 300 mA, initial pH of 3 and iron foam dosage of 4 g. Regarding the main oxidant species in the proposed EF with iron foam particle electrode, OH and active chlorine were responsible for FA mineralization, confirming by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of DMPO− OH. The kinetic analysis and mechanism study suggested that both electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation exited in the system. A possible FA degradation pathway based on the identification of by-products was proposed according to Liquid chromatography/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry results. In addition, BOD5/COD ratio improved from 0.22 to 0.44 after EF treatment coupled with toxicity reduction. In a word, EF with iron foam particle electrode was a feasible process for FA pretreatment.

Objective To investigate preliminarily the relationship between the total burden of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) and plasma homocysteine (Hcy). Methods A total of 106 patients with cSVD were consecutively enrolled from January 2015 to October 2017. Plasma Hcy test were performed in all patients. The total burden of cSVD was calculated according to the severity of lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions, cerebral microbleeds and enlarged perivascular space according to MRI. Results Patients were divided into low burden group (96 cases) and high burden group (10 cases) based on total burden scores of cSVD. The level of Hcy in plasma of high burden group was seem to be higher than that in low burden group without significant difference (t = - 1.702, P = 0.090). Univariate and multivariate stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that Hcy level of plasm (OR =1.041, 95%CI: 0.952-1.138, P=0.381) and Hyperhomocysteinemia (OR=3.132, 95%CI: 0.740-13.259; P=0.121) could not be proved to be risk factor of increasing cSVD burden. Conclusions Although plasma Hcy cannot be considered to be one of the risk factors for cSVD based on this study, plasma Hcy need to be further investigated as a potential biomarker for cSVD.