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Carbonized pollen grains of Typha (CPT) were widely used in clinical for antithrombosis, wound and bleeding in China. In order to ensure the role of drugs, it is very important to control the quality of drugs. However, there is a lack of monitoring methods in the process of charcoal preparation. To characterize the process of CPT, we used thermal analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), color measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and HPLC. In this study, 7 min was the optimal processing time and the heating process condition should be controlled under 272.35 ± 7.23 °C. This comprehensive strategy to depict the whole carbonizing process would provide new ideas for researches on quality control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and processing theory of charcoal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untimely or improper treatment of traumatic bleeding may cause secondary injuries and even death. The traditional hemostatic modes can no longer meet requirements of coping with complicated bleeding emergencies. With scientific and technological advancements, a variety of topical hemostatic materials have been investigated involving inorganic, biological, polysaccharide, and carbon-based hemostatic materials. These materials have their respective merits and defects. In this work, the application and mechanism of the major hemostatic materials, especially some hemostatic nanomaterials with excellent adhesion, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high adsorption capacity, are summarized. In the future, it is the prospect to develop multifunctional hemostatic materials with hemostasis and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for promoting wound healing.

Platycladi cacumen (dried twigs and leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) is a frequently utilized Chinese medicinal herb. To evaluate the quality of the phytomedcine, an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection was established for chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis. In this study, 27 batches of P. cacumen from different regions were collected for analysis. A chemical fingerprint with 20 common peaks was obtained using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2004A). Among these 20 components, seven flavonoids (myricitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, afzelin, cupressuflavone, amentoflavone and hinokiflavone) were identified and determined simultaneously. In the method validation, the seven analytes showed good regressions (R ≥ 0.9995) within linear ranges and good recoveries from 96.4% to 103.3%. Furthermore, with the contents of these seven flavonoids, hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to distinguish the 27 batches into five groups. The chemometric results showed that these groups were almost consistent with geographical positions and climatic conditions of the production regions. Integrating fingerprint analysis, simultaneous determination and hierarchical clustering analysis, the established method is rapid, sensitive, accurate and readily applicable, and also provides a significant foundation for quality control of P. cacumen efficiently., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: To study the absorption kinetic characteristics of mollugin and purpurin in each intestinal segment of rats., Method: The in situ single-way perfusion rat model was established to study absorption characteristics of mollugin and purpurin in each intestinal segment of rats. The volume of recirculation fluid was regulated by phenol red., Result: Different quality concentrations (12.33, 24.66, 49.32 mg x L(-1)) of mollugin and (8.455, 16.91, 33.82 mg x L(-1)) purpurin showed a concentration gradient of absorption dose in each intestinal segment, with the osmotic coefficient increasing to more than 0.2 x 10(-4) cm x s(-1). In the same concentration, mollugin and purpurin showed an identical trend of P(eff) in each intestinal segment in the order of colon > duodenum > ileum > jejunum, with a significant difference (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Mollugin and purpurin are highly permeable in rat intestinal segments, with absorption in each segment, while the specific absorption existed in the colon segment.

Objective: To investigate the flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen., Method: The constituents in Platycladi Cacumen were determined by UPLC-MS. A Waters BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) was used with a gradient elution of methanol-water containing 0.2% formic acid. The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospay ionization source was used as defector and operated in data was collected under the negative ion modes., Result: Eleven constituents were identified., Conclusion: In this study, the main flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen were separated by UPLC, and identified through the information of mass number and UV spectra. With the information of MS/MS from flavonoids, the modes of breaking up flavonoids were discussed. It is an accurate and effective method which can be applied for the constituent identification of Platycladi Cacumen.

Objective: To determine the equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin and its partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems., Method: The HPLC method was established and used to detect the concentration of schizonepetin in water and different organic solvents; the partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems of schizonepetin were determined by shaking flask method., Result: The equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin was 910 mg x L(-1) in water at 25 degrees C. A higher equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin was reached at 93 855 mg x L(-1) in methanol. Partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems of schizonepetin was 49.35 (lnKow = 1.69) at 25 degrees C., Conclusion: Schizonepetin was almost insoluble in petroleum ether. It has a low solubility in water balance. Equilibrium solubility in methanol is higher than what in other solvents. It have little change in apparent distribution coefficient in neutral phosphate buffer solution and has significant decrease in apparent distribution coefficient under the alkaline conditions.

Objective: To establish a baking method of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum for providing a new idea to Carbonic Herbs' research., Method: Samples were prepared in an oven for different time at different temperatures separately. Then the fingerprints of the samples were determined by UPLC. According to the standard fingerprint, the similarities of the samples' fingerprints were compared., Result: The similarities of 3 samples, which were baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min, 30 min and at 240 degrees C for 20 min, were above 0.96., Conclusion: According to the similarities of the fingerprints and in view of the appearances, Platycladi Cacumen Carbonizing should be baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min.

Objective: The spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia from different habits were predicted by UV-Vis spectrum., Method: The dimensions of spectrum data obtained from ten habits were reduced by principal component analysis, and the first six new variables with 99.82% of cumulative reliability were put into the backpropagation neural network for model building., Result: The recognition rate of backpropagation neural network coupled with principal component analysis (PCA-BPNN) was 100%, and its mean square error was 0.001 0., Conclusion: PCA-BPNN can be used for the classifying of spikes of S. tenuifolia from different producing area, and this method is simple and fast.