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Background This study systematically reviewed injury death and causes in the elderly population in China from 2000 to 2020, to prevent or reduce the occurrence of injuries and death. Methods The CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang, MEDLINE, Embase, SinoMed, and Web of Science databases were searched to collect epidemiological characteristics of injury death among elderly over 60 years old in China from January 2000 to December 2020. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to pool injury mortality rate and identify publication bias, with study quality assessed using the AHRQ risk of bias tool. Results (1) A total of 41 studies with 187 488 subjects were included, covering 125 million elderly. The pooled injury mortality rate was 135.58/105 [95%CI: (113.36 to 162.14)/105], ranking second in the total death cause of the elderly. (2)Subgroup analysis showed that male injury death (146.00/105) was significantly higher than that of females (127.90/105), and overall injury mortality increased exponentially with age (R2 = 0.957), especially in those over 80 years old; the spatial distribution shows that the injury death rate in the central region is higher than that in the east and west and that in the countryside is higher than that in the city; the distribution of death time shows that after entering an aging society (2000–2020) is significantly higher than before (1990–2000). (3) There are more than 12 types of injury death, and the top three are falling, traffic accidents, and suicide. Conclusions China's elderly injury death rate is at a high level in the world, with more males than females, especially after the age of 80. There are regional differences. The main types of injury death are falling, traffic, and suicide. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, for accidental injuries and death, a rectification list for aging and barrier-free environments was issued. PROSPERO Registration The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under protocol number CRD42022359992.

ObjectiveUsing visual bibliometric analysis, the application and development of artificial intelligence in clinical esophageal cancer are summarized, and the research progress, hotspots, and emerging trends of artificial intelligence are elucidated.MethodsOn April 7th, 2022, articles and reviews regarding the application of AI in esophageal cancer, published between 2000 and 2022 were chosen from the Web of Science Core Collection. To conduct co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords in this field, VOSviewer (version 1.6.18), CiteSpace (version 5.8.R3), Microsoft Excel 2019, R 4.2, an online bibliometric platform (http://bibliometric.com/) and an online browser plugin (https://www.altmetric.com/) were used.ResultsA total of 918 papers were included, with 23,490 citations. 5,979 authors, 39,962 co-cited authors, and 42,992 co-cited papers were identified in the study. Most publications were from China (317). In terms of the H-index (45) and citations (9925), the United States topped the list. The journal “New England Journal of Medicine” of Medicine, General & Internal (IF = 91.25) published the most studies on this topic. The University of Amsterdam had the largest number of publications among all institutions. The past 22 years of research can be broadly divided into two periods. The 2000 to 2016 research period focused on the classification, identification and comparison of esophageal cancer. Recently (2017-2022), the application of artificial intelligence lies in endoscopy, diagnosis, and precision therapy, which have become the frontiers of this field. It is expected that closely esophageal cancer clinical measures based on big data analysis and related to precision will become the research hotspot in the future.ConclusionsAn increasing number of scholars are devoted to artificial intelligence-related esophageal cancer research. The research field of artificial intelligence in esophageal cancer has entered a new stage. In the future, there is a need to continue to strengthen cooperation between countries and institutions. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of esophageal imaging, big data-based treatment and prognosis prediction through deep learning technology will be the continuing focus of research. The application of AI in esophageal cancer still has many challenges to overcome before it can be utilized.

Itch is a cutaneous sensation that is critical in driving scratching behavior. The long-standing question of whether there are specific neurons for itch modulation inside the brain remains unanswered. Here, we report a subpopulation of itch-specific neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) that is distinct from the pain-related neurons. Using a Tet-Off cellular labeling system, we showed that local inhibition or activation of these itch-specific neurons in the VLO significantly suppressed or enhanced itch-induced scratching, respectively, whereas the intervention did not significantly affect pain. Conversely, suppression or activation of pain-specific neurons in the VLO significantly affected pain but not itch. Moreover, fiber photometry and immunofluorescence verified that these itch- and pain-specific neurons are distinct in their functional activity and histological location. In addition, the downstream targets of itch- and pain-specific neurons were different. Together, the present study uncovers an important subpopulation of neurons in the VLO that specifically modulates itch processing.

In order to improve the insufficient effect of heat transfer in pyrolysis carbonization system and reveal the effects of velocity and temperature field of hot flue gas on heat transfer and stability in the biomass, the structure with rectangular groove combined with a spiral baffle is designed to form a multi-cavity spiral cascade heat transfer system. Numerical simulation and experimental verification of stability are carried on multi-cavity spiral cascade heat transfer system. The results show that the hot flue gas with high temperature flows fast at the inlet and outlet, while the flow speed is slow and stable in the cavity of heat transfer. The temperature of hot flue gas reaches the highest at the entrance, and decreases in the heat exchange chamber in a cascade. The spiral inclination angle of 35? and the itch of 1.2 m. The combustion of gas produced by pyrolysis of raw materials can meet the requirement of continuous and stable operation, when the temperature of monitor point 1, 3, 6, and 8 reaches 800?C, 530?C, 250?C, and 200?, respectively. The temperature of hot flue gas changes fluctuate in the range of 15?. The combustion of pyrolysis gas generated during the pyrolysis process of raw materials can ensure the continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

Itch is a complex and unpleasant sensory experience. Recent studies have begun to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of sensory and emotional components of itch in the brain. However, the key brain regions and neural mechanism involved in modulating the attentional processing of itch remain elusive. Here, we showed that the prelimbic cortex (PrL) is associated with itch processing and that the manipulation of itch-responsive neurons in the PrL significantly disrupted itch-induced scratching. Interestingly, we found that increasing attentional bias toward a distracting stimulus could disturb itch processing. We also demonstrated the existence of a population of attention-related neurons in the PrL that drive attentional bias to regulate itch processing. Importantly, itch-responsive neurons and attention-related neurons significantly overlapped in the PrL and were mutually interchangeable in the regulation of itch processing at the cellular activity level. Our results revealed that the PrL regulates itch processing by controlling attentional bias.

This research is designed to find out whether joining an online community combined with contract learning can enhance the learning motivation of students, promote their self-regulated learning, and...

ObjectiveTo investigate a seasonal variation in blood pressure (BP) for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).MethodsIn this retrospective study, we exported all BP measurements from the information system to investigate a seasonal variation of BP. We also investigated a seasonal variation in BP for patients of different gender types, of different age groups, with diabetic nephropathy (DN), and with non-DN having HD. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the associations between BP and climatic parameters.ResultsIn 2019, a total of 367 patients had received HD therapy in the Longwen HD unit. We included nearly 40,000 pre-dialysis BP measurements. The result of our study demonstrated a clear seasonal variation in pre-dialysis BP in general patients with HD, in male and female patients, and patients with DN and non-DN. December seemed to be a peak in the values of pre-dialysis systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). The nadir values of pre-dialysis SBP and DBP were observed in June and July, respectively. A difference between peak and nadir values of BP is 3.81/2.20 mmHg in patients undergoing HD. Maximal seasonal variation in BP is 9.03/5.08 mmHg for patients with DN. A significant association of SBP and DBP with climatic parameters was found in this study. Pre-dialysis BP was inversely correlated with outdoor temperature, daytime length, and relative humidity.ConclusionA clear seasonal variation in BP is observed for patients with HD. Pre-dialysis SBP and DBP are inversely associated with outdoor temperature, daytime length, and relative humidity. The magnitude of a seasonal variation in BP increases in patients with DN.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetic mellitus and usually leads to the end-stage renal disease. Inflammation-induced lipid disorders have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. S100A16 is a novel adipogenic factor, but has not been investigated in DN. This study aims to explore the role of S100A16 in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Cell transfection was performed to knockdown S100A16. Oil red staining was performed to assay lipid accumulation. qRT-PCR and western blotting were conducted to examine corresponding gene expression. Intracellular cholesterol was determined by enzymatic assay. Inflammatory cytokines production was measured using ELISA kits. The results exhibited lipid accumulation and upregulation of S100A16 in HG-induced HK-2 cells. S100A16 knockdown significantly reduced lipid droplets and cholesterol, and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by HG. Besides, S100A16 knockdown decreased the expression of SCAP, SREBP1, SCD1 and SCAP. However, the inhibitory effect in HG-induced HK-2 cells made by S100A16 was reversed by SREBP1 overexpression. These results suggested that S100A16 knockdown might protect against HG-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in HK-2 cells through regulating SCAP/SREBP1 signaling.

To interactively browse augmented reality (AR) content from a smart glass and to display the proper 3D visual contents on a smart glass are challenging research issues. In this paper, we propose to use a depth camera to detect a human subject in a real 3D space, and orientation sensors on a smart glass are used to reveal the attitude and orientations of a user’s head for pose estimation in an AR application. By implementing a prototype for detecting a user’s head and measuring the orientations of the head, the proposed method provides three contributions: (i) a top-view depth camera is used to detect a user’s head position, (ii) the orientation sensors on a smart glass are used to reveal the attitude and orientation properties of the head, and (iii) the displayed AR content in a virtual space is properly mapped from a real 3D space. The experimental results demonstrated the spatial displaying accuracy in three testing spaces: a research lab, an office, and the center for art and technology. In addition, the proposed method is applied in a tech-art installation to allow audience to reliably view the AR content in a smart glass.

This study aims to establish a combinative method based on fingerprint,assay of multi-component and chemometrics for quality evaluation of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Twenty batches of samples were determined by UPLC and a common mode of fingerprint was established. The similarities between fingerprints of 20 batches of samples were over 0. 90 and the common mode were evaluated. Eight components were identified as syringing, magnocurarine, magnoflorine, magnoloside B, magnoloside A, honokiol,magnolol,and piperitylmagnolol by comparison with reference substances and their content in samples were simultaneously determined.Based on the results,the fingerprint had good consistency between the same origin and minor diversity between the different sources.Piperitylmagnolol and peak 13 could be used as a distinction with the different sources. According to content of 8 components,Fisher discriminant analysis model was established and different source sample was classified pursuant to the discriminant fraction. It is indicated that simultaneous quantification of multi components coupled with chemometrics analysis could be a well-acceptable strategy to identify and evaluate the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.

Regulation of proline accumulation in plants under chilling stress remains unclear. In this paper, we treated Jatropha curcas seedlings under chilling stress with exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl2), the plasma membrane Ca2+-channel blocker lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine (CPZ), and trifluoperazine (TFP) and investigated the effects of calcium and calmodulin (CaM) on proline accumulation and chilling tolerance. The results showed that CaCl2 treatment significantly enhanced chilling stress-induced proline accumulation. CaCl2 also induced an almost immediate and rapid increase of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and glutamate dehydrogenase activities, the key enzymes in the glutamate pathway of proline biosynthesis, and up-regulated P5CS expression, but it decreased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), a key enzyme of proline degradation, and inhibited ProDH expression. Treatment with LaCl3, CPZ, and TFP exhibited the opposite effects to those by CaCl2 treatment. Moreover, CaCl2, LaCl3, CPZ, and TFP had little effect on the activities of ornithine aminotransferase and arginase, the key enzymes in the ornithine pathway of proline biosynthesis. These results indicated that Ca2+-CaM might be involved in signal transduction events, leading to proline accumulation in J. curcas seedlings under chilling stress, and that Ca2+-induced proline accumulation is a combined result of the activation of the glutamate pathways of proline biosynthesis and the simultaneous inhibition of the proline degradation pathway. In addition, CaCl2 treatment increased tissue vitality, decreased the content of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and alleviated electrolyte leakage in J. curcas seedlings under chilling stress, indicating that exogenous Ca2+ can enhance chilling tolerance, and proline might be a key factor in this increased chilling tolerance.

The NUDT family is thought to play an important role in cancer growth and progression. However, the clinicopathologic significance and potential role of nucleotide diphosphate-linked X-component motif 21, NM_007006 (NUDT21) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that NUDT21 was frequently up-expressed in PDAC. Clinical data revealed that its level positively correlated with poor survival of patients with PDAC. We found that knockdown of NUDT21 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Screening by microarray analysis and verifying by Western blot, we found that the EIF2 signaling pathway represented the main molecular mechanism underlying the effects of NUDT21 knockdown in PANC-1 cells, and PKR, HSPA5, EIF4E and DDIT3 may be its target genes. Thus, our results revealed for the first time that NUDT21, a valuable marker of PDAC prognosis, promotes tumor proliferation, inhibits cells apoptosis and might represent a potential target for gene-based therapy.

Augmented reality (AR) contents are widely viewed from mobile devices, e.g. smart phones, tablets, and smart glasses [Olsson and Salo 2011]. To properly display AR contents on a screen, color cameras are widely used to detect markers, feature points, and registered images [Krevelen 2007], and the corresponding 2D/3D visual contents are rendered with proper size and location on the screen/displaying device. However, when the lighting condition is unstable, the flicking effects of the rendered visual contents could degrade the user experience. In a dark environment, it is challenging to display AR contents based on color cameras for marker/feature point detection. Even RGB-D cameras [A. Canessa and Solari 2014] are used for object detection to display the AR contents, the object without salient representation in the depth map are still challenging to be detected. In addition, the motion blur situation also makes the AR content displaying challenging. To solve the above-mentioned issues, in this paper, we propose an orientation-based AR display scheme using the orientation sensors, i.e. gyro sensor, accelerometer, and magnetometer (compass sensor) of a smart glass, according to the user tracking results from a depth camera to properly display the AR contents on a smart glass. In the experimental results, the proposed prototype can properly display AR contents in bright environment and in extremely dark environment.

Two Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped, bacterial strains (313T and 311) were isolated from banana fruits in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the highest similarity to both strains corresponded to the type strain of Lactobacillus nantensis (99.19 %), followed by Lactobacillus crustorum (98.99 %), Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis (98.59 %) and Lactobacillus farciminis (98.52 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of two housekeeping genes, pheS and rpoA, revealed that these two strains were well separated from the Lactobacillus reference strains. DNA–DNA relatedness values revealed genotype separation of the two strains from the above four species. The DNA G+C content of strain 313T was 35.5 mol%. The strains were homofermentative and mainly produced l-lactic acid from glucose. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 313T were 18 : 1ω6c and/or 18 : 1ω7c, 16 : 0, and 19 : 1ω6c and/or 19 : 0 cyclo ω10c. Based on their physiological and genotypic characteristics, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which the name Lactobacillus musae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 313T=NBRC 112868T=BCRC 81020T).

Through a systematic and comprehensive study of domestic and foreign literatures and information, this study aims to trace the herbal origin and the toxicity recorded in ancient and current documents, analyze the safety case reports of Psoralea corylifolia and experimental studies on toxicity in recent years, and make a preliminary summary about the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of cases related to the safety of P. corylifolia and its preparations. The study involved 84 patients in the safety case reports of P. corylifolia. The adverse events were mainly liver damage (55.95%) and light toxic contact dermatitis (38.10%), sugguesting that P. corylifolia may lead to liver damage and photo toxicity. However, reproductive toxicity and renal damage were only reported in animal studies, but not in clinical reports. Because of its complicated ingredients, the toxic components and mechanisms of P. corylifolia have not been clear at present. Therefore, the authors proposed to strictly apply P. corylifolia in clinic, use it rationally and combine it with other medications. Besides, efforts shall be made to strength the guidance for doctors, the safety monitoring of P. corylifolia and relevant preparations, and actively carry out safety-related basic and clinical studies, so as to give a better guidance to safe medication, full exert the efficacy and avoid the medication risk.

To determine the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children.Reported ADRs in the patients aged from 0-18 years were extracted from the 2012-2014 Sichuan ADR surveillance system.The time trend,category of ADRs [system organ class (SOC)],outcomes,and demographic characteristics of the patients were analyzed.The reported paediatric ADRs increased over time;most occurred in males (7 709,56.40%) and preschool children (5 928,43.37%).The majorities involved intravenous drips (8 492,62.13%) and skin and appendages (7 510,55.10%).About 267 (1.95%) cases were deemed as serious ADRs,most (120,44.94%) involving whole body consequences.The majority (13 515,98.87%) of patients recovered.But deaths (5,0.04%) were also reported.Pediatric ADRs are associated with young age (less than 5 years old) and intravenous drips.Serious ADRs should be identified for early interventions.

As the pathway for southeastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau, the middle and south parts of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau are characterized by widespread active faults, and intensive and frequent seismic activity. In this paper, we use the spherical linear block theory constrained by geodetic observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) stations to estimate fault slip rates of active faults in this area. A 3D geometric block model is established based on previous relevant studies of active blocks. Using these received slip rates and optimal locking depths of faults, the rates of moment accumulation on the major faults are estimated. And then we compare them with the seismic moment released on each fault using the historical earthquake catalog. The results show that there are six faults or fault segments with large moment deficits in the research area, which would be helpful for research of middle-long term earthquake hazard.

Banana is a popular fruit worldwide. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in banana fruits has not been studied in detail. A total of 164 LAB were isolated from banana fruits in Taiwan. These isolates were initially divided into nine groups (r1 to r9) using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Isolates belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum group were further divided into three additional groups using multiplex PCR assay targeting the recA gene. The most common bacterial genera found in banana fruits were Lactobacillus and Weissella. The distribution of LAB indicated that, in most cases, neighboring regions shared common strains, but there were still some differences between regions. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, rpoA, and pheS gene sequences, two strains included in the genera Lactobacillus were identified as potential novel species or subspecies. In addition, a total 36 isolates were found to have bacteriocin-producing abilities. These results suggest that various LAB are associated with banana fruits in Taiwan. This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB associated with banana fruits. In addition, one potential novel LAB species was also found in this study.

Because chromium is a mineral that is difficult to absorb, nanotechnology was used to produce nanoparticle trivalent chromium, which has a reduced particle size and increased surface area to increase chromium bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation nanoparticle trivalent chromium with or without γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the chromium bioavailability, growth performance, serum parameters and carcass traits of pigs. In Trial 1, eight growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; LYD) with an initial average weight of 51.3 ± 2.0 kg were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design as the control group (without chromium supplements), the chromium picolinate group (CrPic), the nanoparticle chromium picolinate group (NanoCrPic) and the nanoparticle chromium picolinate mixed with γ-polyglutamic acid (NanoCrPic–PGA) group. Chromium was added at a level of 200 μg/kg to a basal diet containing 728 µg Cr/kg DM, using different forms of chromium, so as to evaluate the chromium bioavailability. The results of Trial 1 indicated that the bioavailability of the supplemented chromium was as follows: NanoCrPic–PGA > NanoCrPic > CrPic (P < 0.05). In Trial 2, 64 LYD growing pigs (average bodyweight 74.46 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly allotted to the same four dietary treatment groups as in Trial 1 and the same levels of chromium were added to the diet. Each group contained four pens and there were four pigs in each pen. The experimental results indicated that the gain:feed ratio in the NanoCrPic–PGA group was better than that in the NanoCrPic group (P < 0.001). The serum chromium concentrations in the NanoCrPic–PGA group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), the serum insulin concentration in the chromium supplementation groups was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and blood glucose in the NanoCrPic group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The carcass traits were not affected by chromium supplementation. In conclusion, nanoparticle trivalent chromium, either alone or together with γ-PGA, improved chromium bioavailability and feeding effectiveness.

Osteopontin (OPN) is indispensable in mammalian reproduction, but the role of OPN in male reproductive tract and fertility remains unclear. The objective of this study is to elucidate the function of OPN by unveiling the localization and expression of OPN in the reproductive tract (testis, epididymis, and ductus deferens) of male Hu sheep in different ages (10-days, 4-months, and 8-months). To accomplish this, the localization, mRNA and protein expression patterns of OPN in all samples were investigated. Immune staining showed that OPN was present in the testicular interstitium of prepubertal Hu sheep testis (10-days and 4-months group), while it was immunostained in acrosomes of spermatids nearby adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules in sexual maturity Hu sheep testis (8-months group). The localization of OPN in epididymis gradually changed from the loose connective tissue to the apical region of principal cells (pseudostratified columnar epithelium) with growing (10-days to 8-months). In addition, increase trend was observed in the mRNA expression levels of OPN with growing in the same reproductive tissues (P0.05). Furthermore, two different OPN isoforms of 30kDa and 34kDa were detected in the reproductive tract of male Hu sheep by western blot. Immunofluorescence detection showed that OPN was localized in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa. These results suggested that the expression of OPN might be closely related to spermatogenesis and spermatozoa function in Hu sheep. This will be helpful for us to understand how OPN regulate the high reproductive capacity in Hu sheep.

Two equivalent models based on sandwich panel theory and equivalent panel theory were discussed in this paper. By analyzing the performance of fiber - paper honeycomb sandwich structure compound panel by bending load, the computational results are in accordance with test and Engineering software ANSYS. Therefore, it shows that the finite element equivalent models are reasonable and practical for the optimization design of fiber - paper honeycomb sandwich composites.

The theory of natural frequencies were acquired from vibration experiment, meanwhile, the first order frequencies of honeycomb sandwich structure composites were obtained by using the sandwich laminboard theory and equivalent panel theory via the finite element software ANSYS. The simulation results were compared to the experiment results to get the error of calculation of the two different equivalent methods, thereby we can select more appropriate equivalent method to ensure the veracity of the result analysis and provide a reference for the optimization design of the fiber-paper honeycomb sandwich structure composites.

The aim of this paper is to present a finite element method to predict buckling characteristics of paper honeycomb sandwich panels with composite skins under dynamic axial compression via ANSYS/LS-DYNA. First of all, some problems of the conventional method using honeycomb plate theory, sandwich laminboard theory and equivalent panel theory were pointed out. In order to develop an effective predicting method, by assuming appropriate periodic boundary condition on the edges, a simplified finite element model on hexagonal structure of a unit cell for sandwich panels was developed utilizing the 3D finite element method. The effective Young's modulus of the cellular wall was obtained from the result of the test on the honeycomb core. Several useful conclusions are drawn about the axial crushing of honeycomb sandwich composites and unit cell and can be used to guide the design of composite structures. The paper further attempts to explain numerical results are well consistent with the corresponding experimental ones.