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Background: The surgical management of symptomatic adult Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) with or without syringomyelia (SM) continues to be a dilemma considering the outcomes. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between stealth cranioplasty (SC) and one of the most commonly practiced standard procedures, posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD). Clinical outcomes between SC and another procedure posterior fossa decompression (PFD) were also compared. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on 37 males and 16 females symptomatic adult CM1 patients, ranging from 18 to 47 years of age from June 2019 to May 2021. Clinical outcomes were assessed, compared, and analyzed in terms of changes in clinical symptoms and signs, chicago chiari outcome scale (CCOS) score, and occurrence of complications. Results: Of the 53 patients, 23, 19 and 11 underwent SC, PFDD, and PFD, respectively. There were no significant post-operative changes in symptoms and signs among groups except changes in limb weakness between SC and PFDD (P=0.004). Considering average CCOS score, SC performed better only than PFDD (P=0.003), while category-wise SC was better than both PFDD (P=0.004) and PFD (P=0.010). Considering complications, the PFDD group had a significantly higher rate of complications than the SC group (P=0.001), while there was no significant difference in the rate of complications between the PFD and SC groups. Conclusion: SC was found to have better clinical outcomes than the PFDD and PFD groups as a technique. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(1): 08-16

This study deals with the nature and state of geomorphic environmental changes of a coastal river basin at southwestern Bangladesh over a period of three decades (1973-2009). The study concentrates on the Kholpetua river basin, which receive fresh water flow from Betna in the upstream and tidal flow in the middle from Morichapa and finally drains to the Bay of Bengal through Kapotakshi River. The whole Kholpetua basin may be divided into three distinct parts: fresh water upstream, brackish water middle part and saline lower part. Large-scale population increase, both in the upper and middle basin; infrastructure development, in the form of road network and introduction of HYV rice in the floodplain of Betna and shrimp farming on the brackish water have lead to the loss of both quality and extent of wetland resources in the basin area, endangering the geomorphological balance in terms of input and output between upstream and downstream. A large section of Betna has dried-up, and most of the tributaries and distributaries of the Morichapa have been silted up, partly because of extensive polders of the sub-basin. As a result, energy exchange (through tide) between basin plains and channels ways has lost vitality. Multi-spectral remote sensing data, in conjunction with topographical maps and ancillary data analysis reveals that throughout the basin, a wide range of anthropogenic interference have physically altered the characteristic ecosystem of the basin. The agricultural land is about 79,395 ha. in 1973, which is reduced at about 53,328 ha in 2009. With 1779 to 2001, a strip of about 20 km wide mangrove forest has been disappeared. Such physical alteration has been initiated with the poldering of middle brackish water part of the basin and later with the introduction of extensive shrimp cultivation. Attempt has been made to explore the linkage of upstream landuse activities and drainage alteration to the hydrological and geomorphological behavior of the downstream basin areas, extrapolate ecological sensitivity of the basin.

Background: Lipid disorder is one of the common disorders which is seen in most of the diabetic patients that causes cardiovascular disorders. The incidence of coronary artery diseases is 3 to 5 times higher in diabetic patients compared to general population. Although this has been demonstrated for the Caucasian population few data are available for Asian Indians and Bangladeshi population. Individuals with diabetes may have several forms of dyslipidemia leading to additive cardiovascular risk of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of lipid disorder among diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Methods: An observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine in Sheikh Hasina Medical College Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from August 2020 to April 2021. One hundred and four (104) diabetic patients were enrolled as study participants in the study. Proper written consents were taken from all the participants before starting data collection. A pre-designed questionnaire was used in patients` data collection. The serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were assayed in patients and controls, using standardized assay methods. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 21 as per need. Result: In this study, we observed that the mean (±SD) TC (mg/dl) of case and control group participants were 208.9±54.6 and 257.4±103.4 respectively where we found significant correlation between the groups (P=0.006). We did not find any correlation between the groups in analyzing TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl). In case group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found 216.4±306.0, 39.2±11.0 and 114.8±47.4 respectively. On the other hand, in the control group the mean (±SD) TG (mg/dl), HDL (mg/dl) and LDL (mg/dl) level were found 222.9±124.0, 39.8±6.2 and 122.4±46.3 respectively. Conclusion: In this current study, in analyzing the comparative statuses of lipid profile we found significant correlation between the groups of diabetic and non-diabetic patients in serum total cholesterol component. Although in analyzing other components of lipid we did not get any significant correlation between the groups, we think lipid profiling may be a potential predictor of diabetic patient screening.

Background: Tuberculum sellae (T.S.) meningiomas accounts for 5–10% of all intracranial meningiomas. The primary goal of surgery is to improve or at least maintain visual function, but this objective poses a formidable surgical challenge, because of the risk of postoperative visual impairment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate outcome in TSM patients treated microsurgically using multiple skull base approaches such as transcranial approach and extended endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 34 patients was aimed to observe the efficacy of the different common approaches by a single neurosurgeon. The approaches were minipterional approach, superciliary keyhole microscopic approach, superciliary keyhole endoscopic assisted approach, bifrontal basal approach and extended endoscopic endonasal approach. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively by visual field analysis and contrast MRI. Postoperative follow-up was done by visual field analysis and by contrast MRI or contrast CT scan of brain. Result: Through transcranial surgery vision improved in 86.20%, static in 10.34% and deteriorated vision in 03.45%. Through transsphenoidal surgery vision improved in 80%, static in 20% and deteriorated in 0%. Through transcranial microscopic approaches (minipterional, minibifrontal basal, superciliary keyhole microscopic) gross total removal was done in 58.82%, near total in 10.34% and partial removal in 03.45%. Through transcranial/superciliary keyhole endoscopic assisted approach, gross total removal was done in 80% and near total in 20%. Through transsphenoidal approach gross total removal was done in 60%, near total in 20% and partial removal in 20%. Conclusion: Now a days endoscopic assisted key hole superciliary mini craniotomy for resection of tuberculum sellae meningioma is commonly used because of less morbidity and good visual outcome and this can be done without microscopic set up. The endonasal route is preferred for removal of T.S. meningioma when they are mostly sellar and directing towards third ventricle. The major limitation of this approach is a narrow surgical corridor. The gross total removal was better achieved with minibifrontal basal and minipterional craniotomy. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2022; 11(2): 80-88

The study aims screening of coliform bacteria and evaluates chemical constituents of farm supplied raw milk at Sylhet sadar, Bangladesh. A total of 50 milk samples (5 samples from each farm) were collected from randomly selected 10 different farms. Samples were diluted (1:1000000) and bacteria cultures were done in EMB (Eosin methylene blue) agar. Further, Indole test, Methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer were done to differentiate environmental and fecal coliform (Escherichia coli). Chemical analysis of milk was done using automatic milk-analyzer. Total coliform count (TCC) was found to be ranged between 0.6 × 106 to 7.8 × 106 colony forming unit/ml (cfu/ml) and the biochemical tests showed negative results for Indole and Methyl red test and positive for Voges-Proskauer test, respectively confirming the absence of fecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and presence of environmental coliforms. Mean values of Chemical constituents were found to be fat% (4.48%), Solid-Not-Fat% (8.55%), Protein% (3.20%), Lactose% (4.66%) and Mineral% (0.68%). Adulteration with added water in milk was also found with a mean of 0.89%. This study will help to generate an idea about coliform contamination scenario and quality of farm milk found at the particular study area.

An extensive study of mechanical properties, namely young’s modulus and yield strength, on the Copper nanowire is conducted in this paper. A strain rate driven tensile testing method has been employed in order to obtain mechanical properties of Cu NWs. A well-known methodology for evaluating mechanical properties in Molecular Dynamics (MD) computations is the tensile test employing strain rate. So, different strain rate has been employed here, in this paper, to evaluate its effect on material’s mechanical properties at Nano scale. Also, it has been evident that with the increment in temperature mechanical properties follow a decline trend for any material which has been studies in this paper particularly. For any nanomaterial, their superior mechanical properties are evident due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. This paper also conveys this phenomenon; a study of tensile effect on various Cu NWs length has shown that with the decrement of length of the material, and so by increasing surface-to-volume ratio, mechanical properties of the material increases., {"references":["Xia, Y. N., Yang, P. D., Sun, Y. G., Wu, Y. Y., Mayers, B., Gates, B., ... & Yan, Y. Q. (2003). One-dimensional nanostructures: chemistry, physics & applications. Adv Mater, 15, 353-389.","Xiang, J., Lu, W., Hu, Y., Wu, Y., Yan, H., & Lieber, C. M. (2006). Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures as high-performance field-effect transistors. nature, 441(7092), 489-493.","Ekinci, K. L., & Roukes, M. L. (2005). Nanoelectromechanical systems. Review of scientific instruments, 76(6), 061101","Kawamura, M., Paul, N., Cherepanov, V., & Voigtländer, B. (2003). Nanowires and nanorings at the atomic level. Physical review letters, 91(9), 096102.","Rugar, D., Sidles, J., & Hero, A. (2005). Single-spin magnetic resonance force microscopy. IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose CA.","Yang, Y. T., Callegari, C., Feng, X. L., Ekinci, K. L., & Roukes, M. L. (2006). Zeptogram-scale nanomechanical mass sensing. Nano letters, 6(4), 583-586","Hu, N., Karube, Y., Yan, C., Masuda, Z., & Fukunaga, H. (2008). Tunneling effect in a polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite strain sensor. Acta materialia, 56(13), 2929-2936.","Eom, K., Park, H. S., Yoon, D. S., & Kwon, T. (2011). Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles. Physics Reports, 503(4-5), 115-163.","Dikin, D. A., Chen, X., Ding, W., Wagner, G., & Ruoff, R. S. (2003). Resonance vibration of amorphous SiO 2 nanowires driven by mechanical or electrical field excitation. Journal of applied physics, 93(1), 226-230.","Riaz, M., Nur, O., Willander, M., & Klason, P. (2008). Buckling of ZnO nanowires under uniaxial compression. Applied Physics Letters, 92(10), 103118."]}

Introduction: Neonatal septicaemia is one of the major problem in neonatology with a high case fatality rate. Manifestations of neonatal septicaemia are subtle & non-specific. Blood culture is the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of neonatal septicaemia, a high index of suspicion with or without laboratory evidences of infection is the key for early diagnosis. Early diagnosis & introduction of antibiotic may reduce mortality and morbidity. Objective: To explore the bacterial organisms among the suspected neonatal septicaemic cases and its relationship with selected risk factors. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional descriptive type of study was carried out on all suspected cases of neonatal septicaemia patients admitted in the paediatric wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the period of july 2008 to june 2010 .Total 60 sixty cases who had non- specific symptoms of septicaemia were enrolled in this study. After a clinical evaluation and management of the patient blood culture was performed on all neonates with risk factors or signs suggestive of sepsis. Results: Out of sixty cases of suspected neonatal septiceamic newborns 18.33% were culture positive for bacteria. Both gram negative and gram positive bacteria were responsible for neonatal septicaemia. Majority of the organisms were gram negative (54.5%) and most common organisms was E.coli (54.5%) .Other gram-positive organisms were streptococcus spp(27.3%) and staph aureus(18.2%) respectively. Among blood culture positive cases 82% were early onset neonatal septicaemia & 18% were late onset septisaemia. Gestational age, Low birth weight, Low socioeconomic status of mother, mode of delivery and birth asphyxia were risk factor for both early onset neonatal sepsis & late onset neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: Septicaemia is one of the major causes of death & its manifestations are subtle and non specific. Both gram negative & gram positive bacteria are responsible for neonatal septicaemia. Most isolated bacteria E.coli. Risk factors may be the factor for NNS. Although blood culture is the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of NNS, a high index of suspicion with or without laboratory evidences of infection is the key for early diagnosis. If we can avoid risk factors for NNS by antenatal check up of pregnant mother and thereby number of septicaemia could be reduced. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 17-21

Wireless Controlled by Voice Automation in the Home Based on Bluetooth, a project that is moving forward with cell (application) in addition to giving the workspace to the elderly and injured, so they may control household utilities. Voice interest is based on their phone. The gadget is disguised in such a manner that it will be quick to pass on, present, figure out, run, and keep up with the dark person. Wires for house automation are also utilized to interconnect the many electrical equipment that are used in a home. This work may be run with a variety of options, such as a fingerprint sensor that will lock and unlock the door, or any other security system that will be installed in a home or business. And a leakage detector will track the system, and if it detects a leak, an automated SMS will be delivered to the user through GSM.

The aim of this work to investigate and create a solar-powered UPS for the Bangladeshi market as an alternative energy source. It comprises of a design that was created based on our study. Solar and wind UPS systems are made up of a solar charge controller with inverter circuit, and solar panel. Many circuit simulations were performed during this procedure to meet the work’s requirement. It also demonstrates that solar and wind-powered UPSs will be very effective and profitable in the electrical UPS industry. In this project, the solar panel is made up of solar cells that convert solar energy into electrical energy. We also have a charging circuit that charges a 12V DC (direct current) battery and an inverter circuit that converts the voltage to AC (alternative current).

Around nine million individuals are dumb at intervals of the planet's unit of measurement. Communication between a deaf and a hearing person has a significant disadvantage as compared to communication between blind and elderly visual individuals. A dumb communication translator is a gadget that translates hand motions to sensible speech. This job provides assistance to persons who are deaf and dumb. The main goal of this research is to connect them to the actual world via a sophisticated methodology. It is based on Human Computer Interaction, in which the patient is connected to the outside world by translating their sign language into conventional language. In this work, Arduino Uno, MP3, and speaker module has been used. Some button has been used for generating the voice signal at the output.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the preferred and established mode of treatment in ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). Exact data on procedural outcome in patient undergoing primary PCI in our population is not well documented. We have carried out this study to see the prognosis, in-hospital, and 12-month survival outcome of our patients. Methods: Patients were enrolled in the observational non-randomized prospective cohort between November 2017-Mar 2020, who were presented into our emergency department with acute onset of severe chest pain or angina with ECG evidenced acute ST elevated myocardial infarction. Total 182 patient (Female 14; Male 168) were enrolled in this study. Results: Out of 182 patients, anterior MI were 47.8% (n=87) and inferior MI 50.5% (n=92) and lateral MI 1.6% (n=3). Presentation to ER from the onset of chest pain for female :123 min vs. male: 112 min and average door-to-balloon time were for female: 53 min vs. male: 50 min. Hospital admission of STEMI were more after 5 pm to next morning 9 am. Death were more in anterior STEMI than inferior STEMI. At presentation 10.4% (n=19) patents were in cardiogenic shock with STEMI, 42.1%(n=8) patients with anterior MI, 57.9% (n=11) in inferior MI group. Total, 15 (8.2%) patients died; 93.3% (n=14) within one week of primary PCI due to shock and poor LV function and subsequent development of LVF with arrhythmia and 6.7% (n=1) patient died 6 months after pPCI due to other cause. Conclusion: In this prospective observational cohort study, we found that PCI is a good and effective treatment modality in treating STEMI patient with better myocardial salvage and avoidance of life-threatening complications. Our procedural success rate is 91.8% and patients are doing well with regular follow up at our OPD 12-months after primary PCI. Cardiovasc j 2022; 14(2): 111-120

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are rare diseases in pediatric age groups, and dural sinus malformation (DSM) has a lower incidence rate. DSMs are associated with mild male dominance, and onset symptoms appear around 5 months of age. The most common clinical presentation is macrocrania, seizures, psychomotor delay, intracranial hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, and brain ischemia. Early recognition of these lesions is essential to prevent brain injury for ischemia and intracranial hypertension. Case description: We discuss the case of a 8 month-old boy presenting with macrocrania secondary to atorcular dural sinus malformation. This case was successfully treated by the endovascular procedure, reaching the goal of the treatment to obliterate the arterial portion of the fistula while preserving cerebral venous drainage to reduce the pial reflux to prevent venous hypertension and ischemic complications. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2021; 11(1): 41-44

Students’ academic achievement plays a significant role in the polytechnic institute. It is an important task for the technical student to achieve good results. It becomes more challenging by virtue of the huge amount of data in the polytechnic student databases. Recently, the lack of monitoring of academic activities and their performance has not been harnessed. This is not a good way to evaluate the academic performance of polytechnic students in Bangladesh at present. The study on existing academic prediction systems is still not enough for the polytechnic institutions. Consequently, we have proposed a novel technique to improve student academic performance. In this study, we have used the deep neural network for predicting students' academic final marks. The main objective of this paper is to improve students' results. This paper also explains how the prediction deep neural network model can be used to recognize the most vital attributes in a student's academic data namely midterm_marks, class_ test, attendance, assignment, and target_ marks. By using the proposed model, we can more effectively improve polytechnic student achievement and success.

Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a unique approach that offers total control to culture a wide variety of aquatic species. As capital investment is higher for setting up RAS, it is necessary to conduct an economic feasibility analysis based on real data. A structured questionnaire was used to collect all economic and technical data on two catfish species, viz., Pabda (Ompok pabda) and Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), cultured in an RAS farm. The ultimate objective was to estimate net cash flow, net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI), payback period, discounted payback period, internal rate of return (IRR), and sensitivity analysis to find out the best profitability indicators. The analysis revealed that the IRR were 4% and 16% for Pabda and Shing production, respectively. However, for Pabda and Shing productions, the payback periods were 15 years and 4 months and 6 years and 2 months, respectively. The NPV value was positive for Shing production and negative for Pabda. On the other hand, the PI was lower than one for Pabda production and higher than one for Shing production. Therefore, the results showed that the Shing production in the RAS facility could be economically feasible; however, Pabda production may not be viable in RAS due to lower production and longer culture period. This study may suggest that by increasing the production capacity of the farm and market price of the product through the proper supply chain and by decreasing the initial investment, cost of fingerlings and feed, profitability can be achieved in RAS in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a serious ocular infectious disease that can lead to significant visual loss and ophthalmic morbidity. Objectives were to see the profile of non-viral microbial keratitis in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet between January 2015 and December 2016. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.7 ± 16.5 years with male preponderance (54.4%). The most common predisposing factors were trauma (66.7%), and chronic dacryocystitis (25.6%). Fungal growth was more frequent compared to bacterial growth 70 (77.7%) versus 30 (33.3%), p

not available J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 118-120