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Ali Shamsi-Goushki,1 Zinat Mortazavi,2 Mohammad Ali Mirshekar,3 Mahdi Mohammadi,2 Nasroallah Moradi-Kor,4 Saber Jafari-Maskouni,1 Mansour Shahraki5 1Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; 2Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran; 3Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; 4Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; 5Department of Nutrition, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IranCorrespondence: Zinat Mortazavi Tel +98 5433295715Fax +98 5433295837Email zimoiran@yahoo.comBackground and Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormalities in insulin production. Apelin is associated with insulin resistance. According to the anti-diabetic properties of curcumin, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of curcumin and nano-curcumin intake on insulin resistance and serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), Apelin, and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VLDL) in T2DM rats.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic treated with two doses of curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) and diabetic treated with two doses of nano-curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg). Induction of T2DM was performed by intraperitoneal injection of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) in the fasting state. Rats received different doses of nano-curcumin and curcumin by gavage (daily) for 28 days. At the end of the intervention period, insulin resistance and serum levels of FBS, apelin and lipid profiles were measured.Results: Insulin resistance and serum levels of FBS, Apelin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly decreased in diabetic rats treated with curcumin and nano-curcumin (p< 0.05) so that nano-curcumin in reducing lipid profile is more effective than curcumin (P< 0.05). Serum level of HDL in nano-curcumin groups was significantly higher than diabetic and curcumin groups (p< 0.05). Also, with increasing insulin resistance, serum level of apelin increased (P< 0.05).Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of curcumin and nano-curcumin were effective in decreasing insulin resistance, serum levels of FBS, apelin and lipid profile. The dose of 100 mg/kg nano-curcumin was more effective in reducing lipid profile.Keywords: type 2 diabetes, nano-curcumin, apelin, insulin resistance, lipid profile, rat

ABSTRACT Background The FTO gene polymorphisms may influence the effects of lifestyle interventions on obesity. The present study aimed to assess the influence of the rs9930506 FTO gene polymorphism on the success of a comprehensive weight loss intervention in male adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods This study was carried out on 96 adolescent boys with overweight and obesity who were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 53) and control (n = 43) groups. The blood samples of the participants were collected, and the FTO gene was genotyped for the rs9930506 polymorphism. A comprehensive lifestyle intervention including changes in diet and physical activity was performed for 8 weeks in the intervention group. Results Following the lifestyle intervention, BMI and fat mass decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group (both p

Abstract Background Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene may be associated with obesity by regulating appetite. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between FTO genotype and resistance to eating in male adolescents. Methods The present cross-sectional study included 246 adolescent boys in Tehran, Iran, who were assessed for self-efficacy related to weight control using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL), questionnaire, food intake using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anthropometric indices using Bio-Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Moreover, the participants underwent genotyping for the rs9930506 polymorphism of the FTO gene, and the relationship between FTO genotype and resistance to eating was investigated using different models of multiple linear regression. Results According to our findings, there was a significant reverse relationship between the FTO rs9930506 genotype and resistance to eating (β: -0.16, P = 0.01). Moreover, the relationship was still significant after adjusting for age, nutritional knowledge, BMI, and mother’s BMI, educational level, and occupational status. Conclusion According to our results, the FTO genotype had a significant effect on resistance to eating and food desires. However, there is a need for further studies to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of the FTO gene on appetite and obesity.

Spontaneous abortion (SA) is considered one of the most prevalent adverse outcomes of pregnancy. SA may occur due to genetic susceptibility and various maternal factors such as nutritional status. The aim of this study was to assess how dietary carotenoids and the FTO gene are related to SA. This case–control study included 192 women with a history of SA as the case group and 347 healthy women without history of SA as the control group. To evaluate carotenoid intake, a valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. The FTO gene was genotyped for the presence of the rs9939609 polymorphism using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR). The results indicated a significant negative association between dietary intake of β-cryptoxanthin and SA in carriers of the TT genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol drinking, and calorie intake (β = −0.28, P = 0.02). No association was found between SA with dietary intake of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, and lycopene among carriers of different FTO genotypes. The FTO genotype may have an effect on the association between SA and carotenoid intake. Dietary intake of β-cryptoxanthin may act as a protective factor against SA only in carriers of the TT genotype of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism.

Objective(s): One of the most important neurotrophins is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is closely associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study was done under the objective of investigating the effects of curcumin (CUR) and nano-curcumin (nCUR) on serum levels of BDNF, fasting blood sugar (FBS), water and food intake, and body weight in T2DM rats. Materials and Methods: Our work required the division of 48 male Wistar rats into the 6 groups of Control, diabetic, diabetic treated with two doses of CUR and nCUR (100 and 200 mg/kg), T2DM induced rats by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin, and nicotinamide in the fasting state. Once the rats received nCUR and CUR doses through gavage for 28 days, their Serum level of BDNF was measured at the end of intervention period, while their body weight, FBS, and food and water intake were also examined at both onset and ending of this period.Results: Considering the effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin administration on the induced significant increase in serum BDNF and decrease in FBS, food, and water intake in T2DM rats (P

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. We aimed to determine the metabolic and clinical responses to Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) supplementation in overweight and obese patients with T2DM. Methods Participant recruitment took place in the diabetic clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan. Due to the eligibility criteria, 60 participants were randomly placed into two groups, namely placebo (n = 30) and BP (n = 30). The supplementation was considered one 1000 mg capsule 2 times /day BP by meals (lunch and dinner) for 8 weeks. Physical activity levels, dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements [weight, height, and waist circumference], glycemic indices [fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (FBI)], blood lipids [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)], and serum nesfatin-1 level were determined. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative insulin sensitivity checks index (QUICKI), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were computed. Results In comparison with placebo, BP significantly decreased FBG, HOMA-IR, and BMI (P 0.05). Conclusion BP supplementation improved serum glucose indices and BMI among overweight and obese T2DM patients. Further trials are needed to confirm results. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20181207041876N1, Registered 18/01/2019, https://irct.ir/trial/35752

Extended Abstract Abstract Entrepreneurship plays an important role in a sustainable future. This concept can be seen in the various strands of the general policies of resistive economy both explicitly and implicitly. The purpose of this article was to Rating the Entrepreneurial Components of Resilient Economy by AHP to designing appropriate entrepreneurial model for resistive economy. For this mixed method; qualitative method (PEDAM and Delphi) quantitative method (AHP) was used in this study. The research tools are two researcher-made questionnaires that have been approved by the experts. The first questionnaire was compiled based on the components of the research literature and qualitative research methods in the Likert spectrum. The second questionnaire was based on the results of the first questionnaire in the fuzzy spectrum. The statistical population of the study was all experts in the science and technology parks of universities. Among them, 30 of the science and technology parks of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, University of Science and Technology and University of Tehran were selected through targeted sampling. AHP results showed that the main components such as entrepreneurship infrastructure with a score of 0.444 was the most important, the pathology of entrepreneurship processes with a score of 0.180 was second, and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities with a score of 0.140 was third with an Inconsistency of 0.07. Also, each of the main components has a number of sub-components that were ranked in order respectively. Introduction Researchs shows that entrepreneurship plays an important role in creating a sustainable future alongside other components such as innovation and organizational quality (Ben yossef et al, 2018). For this reason, entrepreneurship has been able to take on a significant scientific background (Landstrom et al, 2018). However, in recent decades, developing countries have focused on increasing entrepreneurship (Halvarsson et al, 2018). An entrepreneur ignores the constraints of current resources, including financial, equipment, legal, and human resources when conceiving an idea and having a feeling of realization about it (Rezaian, 2011, PP 28-29). The global entrepreneurship monitor report of 2015 shows that the status of entrepreneurship in a resource-based economy such as Iran is very low. One of the reasons is the lack of employment options in Iran (Zali et al, 2015). Internal investigations do also confirm the results of that report (Ahmadpour Dariyani et al, 2014). This is the main issue that in recent years, with the intensification of western inhumane sanctions against the Islamic republic of Iran, with the aim of stopping the country's progress and development, with the excuse of the nuclear program, the economic situation became such that change was necessary. As a result of these pressures, the resistance economy was introduced as a solution (Rasi, et al, 2016). Here need to create entrepreneurship under the resistance economy is that Iran has many capacities and neglecting these capacities causes a grand great deal of damage and the cost-benefit cycle will always have a deficit (Hoseini Khamenei, 06.08.2003). Based on these, the main purpose of the present research is to Rating the Entrepreneurial Components of Resilient Economy by AHP. Also try to design appropriate entrepreneurial model based upon than components. Case study The statistical population of the study was all experts in the science and technology parks of universities. Among them, 30 case of the science and technology parks of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, University of Science and Technology and University of Tehran were selected through targeted sampling. Materials and methods In order to achieve the research objectives, the past studies were systematically studied and the components of the entrepreneurship were identified, extracted and classified. Then, based on the Analytic Hierarchical Process, and by expert choice 11 software the entrepreneurial components were ranked. Discussion and results In order to identify entrepreneurial components, firstly, past studies and general policies of resistance economy have been investigated. Then, by collaboration with the experts of the science and technology parks, the main components were selected in terms of importance. Here more than 100 components were selected. After that, by SPSS software, the high-mean (μ ≥ 6) components were select again. Then the pairwise comparison questionnaire were used for implement the AHP process on selected components. These components analyzed by expert choice 11 software for prioritizing. Based on the analytic hierarchical process, the component “entrepreneurship infrastructure” was the most important entrepreneurial components, also the components such as “pathology of entrepreneurship processes” and the “discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities” were the other entrepreneurial components of resistive economy. Also, each of the main components has a number of sub-components that were ranked in order respectively. Conclusion According to the sub-components of the main component of entrepreneurship infrastructure, political stability, as the situation of political stability was better, the circumstances for knowledge-based companies is also suitable. Also based on two other sub-components System design of structures, and Elite networking, making a system that Elite can play their role better in it, would be a vital action for a resistive economy.

Objective(s): One of the most important neurotrophins is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that is closely associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study was done under the objective of investigating the effects of curcumin (CUR) and nano-curcumin (nCUR) on serum levels of BDNF, fasting blood sugar (FBS), water and food intake, and body weight in T2DM rats. Materials and Methods: Our work required the division of 48 male Wistar rats into the 6 groups of Control, diabetic, diabetic treated with two doses of CUR and nCUR (100 and 200 mg/kg), T2DM induced rats by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin, and nicotinamide in the fasting state. Once the rats received nCUR and CUR doses through gavage for 28 days, their Serum level of BDNF was measured at the end of intervention period, while their body weight, FBS, and food and water intake were also examined at both onset and ending of this period. Results: Considering the effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin administration on the induced significant increase in serum BDNF and decrease in FBS, food, and water intake in T2DM rats (P<0.05), we can confirm the superior effectiveness of nano-curcumin 100 in serum BDNF elevation than curcumin (P<0.05). It is also notable that the body weight of intervention groups did not face any significant reduction when compared to that of diabetic control group. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the beneficial effects of CUR and nCUR as an antidiabetic agent, which can be potentially considered as an adjunct for the available diabetes therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormalities in insulin production. Dyslipidemia is associated with insulin resistance. According to the anti-diabetic properties of black Caraway, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of black Caraway intake on lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL), insulin resistance, and serum level of fasting blood sugar (FBS) on patients with T2DM. Methods: Participants were selected in the diabetes clinic of Bu-Ali Hospital in Zahedan. According to the inclusion criteria, 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups placebo (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30). The supplementation was considered with 1000 mg of black Caraway capsule, 2 times/day by meals (lunch and dinner) for 8 weeks. Lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL) and Glycemic indices (FBS and insulin resistance) were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: In comparison with placebo, black Caraway significantly decreased FBS and insulin resistance (P <0.05). The differences in the triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: black Caraway supplementation improved Glycemic indices among T2DM patients, Further clinical trials are needed to be accomplished in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent researches suggest that there is a relationship between the pathogenesis of depression and serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical trial was to determine effect of magnesium supplementation on serum Level of BDNF, magnesium and depression status in patients with depression. Methods: A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 depressed subjects. The participants were randomly allocated into the magnesium (MG) and the placebo (PG) group and received 500 mg magnesium and placebo daily for 8 weeks. Beck's test was conducted and blood samples were taken at baseline and after the intervention period for analysis of serum magnesium and BDNF. Results: No significant differences were observed in assessed variables between the two groups at the baseline. At the end of intervention, supplementation with magnesium oxide had a significant effect on Beck's test (P=0.01) and serum magnesium (P=0.001), but had no significant effect on BDNF levels (P=0.507) between the two groups. Conclusions: Daily intake of 500 mg magnesium oxide for at least 8 weeks improved Beck's test score and serum magnesium in depressed patients, but had no significant effect on BDNF levels between the two groups, Which Further research is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : In recent decades, consumption of simple sugars has increased dramatically, which contributes to health problems including insulin resistance and obesity. In this study, we investigated the effects of high concentrations of white sugar (WS) and brown sugar (BS) on serum concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin resistance, and body weight in albino rats. Methods : Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, a group treated with 15% WS, and a group treated with 15% BS. Rats were given WS and BS by gavage (daily) for 42 days. At the end of the intervention period, serum level of BDNF, insulin resistance, and body weight were measured. Results : Body weight and insulin resistance were significantly increased and serum BDNF level was decreased in both WS and BS groups compared to the control group (P