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The gravity and magnetic data of Al-Tharthar lake and surrounding areas in central Iraq were considered to study the tectonic situation in the area. The residual anomalies were separated from regional using the polynomial method with three orders. The Total Horizontal Derivative anomalies of gravity and magnetic are used with the residual anomalies to identify the faults and their trends with the basement rocks. The predominant trends are approximately N45W and N60E. Many faults and tectonic boundaries were detected and traced on the tectonic map of the study area.

This research aims to determine the depth of basement rock at Tharthar Lake and its surroundings. The magnetic data were utilized to determine basement depth using the Source Parameter Imaging and the Half-width methods. Using the GeoSoft-Oasis Montaj software version 8.4 application, the total magnetic intensity of the area was converted to the Reduction to Pole, then the Source Parameter Imaging was calculated. Three grids (dx, dy, and dz) were obtained. These grids then are used as input grids for Source Parameter Imaging computations. The resulting Source Parameter Imaging depth map reveals a minimum basement depth of 6 km and a maximum basement depth of 12 km. The basement depth map shows the main basin trending NW-SE from northwest Tharthar Lake to south Falluja City. The basement depth results were compared with the previous information about basement depth in the studied area, and a good result was obtained with the C.G.G. 1974 basement depth map.

Nooshin Ghavidel,1 Fariba Khodagholi,1 Abolhassan Ahmadiani,1 Reza Khosrowabadi,2 Sareh Asadi,3 Jamal Shams4 1Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; 3NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Behavioral Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Sareh AsadiNeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Daneshjoo Blvd, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, IranTel + 98-21-22429768Fax + 98-21- 22432047Email s.asadi@sbmu.ac.ir Jamal ShamsBehavioral Research Center, Imam Hossain Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Madani Ave, P.O. Box 1617763141, Tehran, IranTel/Fax + 98-21-77553074Email J_shams@sbmu.ac.irIntroduction: Studies have been reported that frequent use of methamphetamine (MA) is associated with brain function impairment, mood disorders and excessive free radical production accompanied by the decreased level of the antioxidant response elements, but no study investigated their correlations simultaneously. In the current study, the correlation of brain function, depression and anxiety levels, and the serum levels of PON1 (an antioxidant) in MA-dependent patients were investigated.Methods: Nineteen active MA abusers and 18 control subjects performed color-word Stroop task during fMRI and the state of their depression, anxiety, and stress were measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire. Their blood samples were collected to measure the level of PON1 by the human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and its correlation with the measured variables was studied.Results: Analysis of fMRI findings showed frontocingulate dysfunction in Stroop effect condition, including left anterior cingulate cortex, paracingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and frontal pole in MA-dependent patients, which was associated with a higher level of depression and decreased level of serum PON1 in these patients.Discussion: The results of the current study showed that MA-dependency is associated with frontocingulate dysfunction, decreased serum PON1 concentration, and increased depression/anxiety, which is worth to be more studied to elucidate their roles in the pathophysiology of MA addiction.Keywords: anxiety, depression, fMRI, PON1, Stroop task

Hesam Hasanpour,1 Ramak Ghavamizadeh Meibodi,1 Keivan Navi,1 Jamal Shams,2 Sareh Asadi,3 Abolhassan Ahmadiani4 1Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; 2Behavioral Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors. Clinicians use serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) for OCD treatment, but 40%–60% of the patients do not respond to them adequately. Here, we described an association rule mining approach for treatment response prediction using an Iranian OCD data set.Patients and methods: Three hundred and thirty OCD patients fulfilling DSM-5 criteria were initially included, but 151 subjects completed their pharmacotherapy which was defined as 12-week treatment with fluvoxamine (150–300 mg). Treatment response was considered as >35% reduction in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score. Apriori algorithm was applied to the OCD data set for extraction of the association rules predicting response to fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy in OCD patients. We considered the association of each attribute with treatment response using interestingness measures and found important attributes that associated with treatment response.Results: Results showed that low obsession and compulsion severities, family history of mental illness, illness duration less than 5 years, being married, and female were the most associated variables with responsiveness to fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy. Meanwhile, if an OCD patient reported a family history of mental illness and his/her illness duration was less than 5 years, he/she responded to 12-week fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy with the probability of 91%. We also found useful and applicable rules for resistant and refractory patients.Conclusion: This is the first study where association rule mining approach was used to extract predicting rules for treatment response in OCD. Application of this method in personalized medicine may help clinicians in taking the right therapeutic decision. Keywords: data mining, apriori algorithm, family history, refractory patients

Marzie Sina,1 Abolhassan Ahmadiani,1 Sareh Asadi,2 Jamal Shams3 1Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder causing intrusive thoughts or repetitive behaviors. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used for OCD treatment, but 40%–60% of patients do not respond to them adequately. In this study, the associations of serotonin receptor 2a polymorphisms rs6311 and rs6313 with OCD, its familial form and fluvoxamine treatment response in Iranian population were investigated. Patients and methods: Association analyses were conducted in 293 OCD cases fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV-TR and 245 controls. Pharmacotherapy was defined as 12 weeks of treatment with fluvoxamine (150–300 mg). Treatment response was considered as >25% reduction in Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score. Genotyping was performed by means of PCR-RFLP. Results: The results showed no association of rs6311 or rs6313 with OCD, but their haplotypes had different distribution patterns in cases and controls. Moreover, rs6313 was associated with the familial form of OCD in females significantly (P=0.005) under the recessive genetic model. Moreover, rs6311–rs6313 haplotypes were associated with fluvoxamine treatment response in OCD patients with more AC and less AT in responders. Conclusion: HTR2A haplotypes are associated with OCD and its treatment response with a fluvoxamine in Iranian patients. Furthermore, the observed association of rs6313 with the familial form of OCD in females suggests different genetic background of OCD familial and non-familial forms, which needs further investigation. Keywords: family history, fluvoxamine, treatment response, rs6311, rs6313

Light impact on growth of Skeletonema costatum at 20 treatments of light regimes including combination bf five intensities of 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 lux and four periods of (LightDark) 24:0, 18:6, 12:12 and 6:18 hours was studied. Daily random sampling was done for all treatments to determine cell concentration and growth rate. Among different light periods, growth rate was maximum and cell concentration was minimum at continuous light. At 4000 lux growth rate was higher than other intensities. However, there were not significant differences between treatments for growth, except 6:18 h (L:D); in this light period at different irradiances, growth rate and cell concentration was very low, and this made a significant difference between these treatments and others. The results showed that S. castatum's active cells adapted to light changes very well. But in older cells, i. e. the cells at late stationary phase or at death phase, there might be some growth disorders caused by environmental parameters, before active growth begin.

Background and Objectives: Bipolar disorder has a lot of cost for treatment system. Adjunctive psychotherapies are used in treatment of bipolar disorder for reducing signs, preventing recurrence and increasing drug adherence. The aim of current research was developing and validating cognitive behavioral therapy based on detachment of emotion and goal for bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods: The present research was developed using a descriptive method and bas ed on the theoretical foundations of current treatments and adjunctive treatment. Fourteen cognitive behavioral therapy sessions based on detachment of emotion and goal were developed and their validity was evaluated using the APA Criteria for Evaluating Treatment Guidelines and the Forty-two questionnaire by professors and specialists. Data were analyzed using content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). Results: CVI in this research in the development phase was 0.89 and CVR for validity of therapy sessions was confirmed for all sessions except sessions 1, 8 and 9 and CVI for therapy sessions was more than 0.79. validity-1 ratio -CVR). Conclusion: Validity of theoretical foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy based on detachment of emotion and goal and form of sessions were confirmed by specialists. According to the research results, specialists believe this treatment can be used as an adjunctive psychotherapy for individuals with bipolar disorder along with drug therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Pomalidomide--a combination of Lenalidomide and Thalidomide drugs- is one of the newest anticancer drugs. Pomalidomide induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, few studies indicating its relatively low cytotoxic effects on normal peripheral blood cells have been carried out. However, there is yet no information about the effects of Pomalidomide on bone marrow cells that contain important immune cells. In this study, the effect of Pomalidomide on normal bone marrow mononuclear cells was studied. Materials and Methods: The samples obtained from individuals who clinically needed bone marrow examination, but finally were diagnosed with no serious pathologic conditions in their leukocytes. Remained bone marrow aspirates were obtained and mononuclear cells were isolated. Half of the mononuclear cells were cultured with Pomalidomide (final concentration 10µM) and the remaining half (control group) were cultured with media alone. After 48h incubation, vital activity (MTT) and cell apoptosis induction rates were assessed. Results: The results showed that the vital activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of Pomalidomide increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, Pomalidomide had no apoptosis induction and the rate of apoptotic cells had no significant difference with control group. Conclusion: Pomalidomide moderately stimulates the viability (or activity) of normal bone marrow mononuclear cells to improve and maintain them. Also, unlike most anticancer drugs it has no observable toxic effect or apoptosis induction on these cells. So, it may be concluded that Pomalidomide may be more favorable in preventing the side effects of anticancer drugs on normal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of reliable screening and diagnostic tests for assessment of cognitive abilities in neurological patients is rapidly increasing in clinical practice. This is due to the increase in the prevalence of dementias and the raised awareness of cognitive impairment in neurological disorders. Two well-known bedside screening tests for dementias among the English-speaking population are the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE). However, such tests have not been developed for the Persian-speaking population, which is estimated at 120 million worldwide. In this study we developed the Persian ACE and MMSE, adopted from the English version. We also assessed the sensitivity and specificity of these tests in the identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We found that the Persian ACE at a cutoff point of 84, has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 91% in discriminating MCI from a normal population; at 78, the test has a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 93% in differentiating MCI from AD, and at a similar cutoff point has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96% in discriminating AD from a normal population. We conclude that the Persian ACE is a valuable tool in clinical practice in the Persian-speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the biosorption of cadmium from industrial wastewater was studied by isolated fungal strains. For this purpose, the effluent samples were collected from leads and zinc plant of Zanjan. Then, cadmium resistant strains (yeast and a mold) were isolated by cultivation on BHI agar containing cadmium sulfate. After preparing the living and dead biomass, the effect of pH, initial metal concentration and contact time in removal of cadmium was investigated. In this study it was found that the dead biomass of yeast and mold were able to remove86.95% and 58.65% of cadmium from the samples respectively. The results also showed that the living biomass of yeast and mold removed cadmium 29.84% and 31.94% reapectively. Most removal occurred after 60 minutes of contact time. . These strains were identified by 18SrRNA PCR sequencing method. Yeast strain had 99% homology with Rhodosporidium toruloides SM30and mold strain had 100% homology with Aspergillus melleus. Thus, these strains could be used for bioremediation studies in semi-industrial scale.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are prevalent psychiatric conditions, each affecting a substantial portion of the global population. When these conditions coexist with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD), the complexity of the clinical presentation is heightened. Herein, we describe two cases of individuals who have comorbid OCD and/or MDD and substance use disorder that highlight the importance of addressing the coexisting psychiatric illness when treating the SUD. These cases highlight the importance of tailored, multidisciplinary care, offering a potential therapeutic strategy based on medications for comprehensive recovery in individuals facing complex comorbid disorders. An integrated treatment approach, encompassing both psychiatric and substance treatment perspectives, is imperative.