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We assess alternative energy technologies for German single-family houses (i.e., hybrid gas heating with solar thermal energy, electric heat pumps, PV and BES systems) in terms of profitability and CO2 emissions. Under the status-quo regulatory framework, the energy transition in the heating sector is fostered through grants for replacing old heating systems, whereas PV generation is fostered by feed-in tariffs and indirect subsidies for self-consumption. We consider alternative regulatory scenarios with a more market-oriented approach, finding that a CO2-oriented reform of energy surcharges and taxes, as well as a reform of network charges, can support a more cost-efficient energy transition in the residential sector.

Die Digitalisierung des deutschen Energiesystems wird als eine wichtige Voraussetzung für dasGelingen der Energiewende gesehen. Insbesondere im Bereich der Elektrizitätsversorgung kannDigitalisierung die Flexibilitätspotenziale, z. B. für das Verteilnetz, steigern. Dafür sollen klassischeEnergietechnologien (der Erzeugung, Speicherung und Verbraucher) mit Informations- undKommunikationstechnologien (IKT) oder „Internet-of-Things“-Technologien (IoT) zusammenspielen.Auf diese Weise wandelt sich das Energieversorgungssystem beispielsweise im Elektrizitätsbereichvon ein

In this paper, we examine rates of careless responding and reactions towards detection methods (i.e., attention check item and instruction) in an experimental setting based on two different samples. First, we use a quota sample (with monetary incentive), a central data source for internet-based surveys in sociological and political research. Second, we include a voluntary opt-in panel (without monetary incentive) well suited to conduct survey experiments (e.g., factorial surveys). Respondents’ reactions towards the detection items are analyzed by objective, non-reactive indicators (i.e., break-off, item nonresponse, and measurement quality), and two self-report scales. Our reaction analyses reveal that the detection methods that we applied are not only well suited to identify careless respondents but also exert a motivational rather than demotivating influence on respondents’ answer behavior and, hence, contribute to data quality., Survey Research Methods, Vol 14 No 1 (2020)

While it is generally agreed that individuals compare themselves with others when assessing their earnings, little is known about the duality/interaction of contextual and individual forces with regard to justice evaluations. This study combines a proposition of judgment theory, i.e. range-frequency theory, with sociological justice theories and examines, in an organizational setting, whether employees base their justice evaluation of their own earnings on the income distribution they are surrounded by and/or their personal ranking within the income hierarchy. It argues that both the range of incomes in the organization as well as the person’s ranking influence how a person evaluates their income. The empirical analysis is based on 636 full-time and part-time employees in Germany who participated in a factorial survey that was integrated into a larger representative survey study of German employees. Respondents were asked to evaluate their income after they were given information on the incomes of others and their personal position/rank in the income hierarchy. In line with the theoretical reasoning, this paper finds that employees base their justice evaluations on both range and rank. It finds the effects to be equally strong and both effects add to each other in terms of absolute values.