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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a public health issue associated with multiple clinical conditions which may occur due to slight elevation in serum creatinine to anuric renal failure with electrolytes and acid-base imbalance, chronic kidney diseases, end-stage renal diseases, impaired innate immunity associated with higher infection rate, and increased duration of hospital stay with higher cost. Sometimes severe AKI patients may need intensive care support and renal replacement therapy. Severe sepsis is the most common cause of ICU admission. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted during the period of July 2018 to May 2019 in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit of Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar Dhaka. A total of 87 AKI patients were selected among which 48 were male and 39 were female. Acute kidney injury was selected with an increase in serum creatinine >0.3 mg /dL within 48 hours or ≥1.5 mg /dL from the base line within prior 7 days or urine volume

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians in clinical practice. Distribution and susceptibility of UTI-causing pathogens change according to time and place. Area-specific studies to gain knowledge about the type of pathogens and their resistance patterns may help the clinician to choose the proper antimicrobials for empirical treatment. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Enam Medical College & Hospital, savar, Dhaka between January 2021 to June 2021 to identify the organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 476 clinically suspected UTI patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of UTI was higher in females than in males. Out of the 170 culture positive bacterial isolates Escherichia coli was the most common 51.76% organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus 28.82%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 11.17%, Klebsiellaspp 8.23 % and Enterococcusspp 4.70%. Meropenem (100%) followed by Imipenem (92.86% to 100%) were found most susceptible drugs. While Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and Cephradine were the most resistant drug against the isolated uropathogens. Conclusion: As bacterial drug resistance is an evolving process, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Medicine Today 2022 Vol.34(1): 51-56

Evaluation of wave impacts on submarine landslides is an essential element in geohazard studies. The slight desaturation of sediments (due to dissociation of gas hydrates) has been found to adverse...

The impact of a natural phase change material (PCM) based thermal solar collector, with a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC), was investigated during summer. This paper introduces a natural PCM (beeswax) instead of commercial phase change material, which was used as an energy storage media to improve the performance parameter of the solar collector. In this study, the natural phase change material was used within the solar collector, as it was easily available in nature. The outdoor experiments were carried out where compound parabolic concentrator, made of glass, was mounted on thermal collector during the day time. The data of consecutive three months have been collected and analyzed in this paper. The system performance, such as, thermal efficiency, operating value and collected energy of the collector were tested at a set different flow rate. The date was measured and compared between the systems with and without phase change material. Based on the measured collected energy and thermal efficiency, all parameter for the collectors as functions of water flow rate was obtained. This result shows that the maximum outlet water temperature of 50⁰C and the maximum thermal efficiency of 35-40% were achieved at a water flow rate of 0.004 kg/s. The system with PCM was illustrated to have much better performances. Phase change material was more effective to improve thermal efficiency in low solar radiation. The system reaches maximum plate temperature more quickly in June than in July and August. The highest absorber plate temperature reading found in June was 90⁰C and it took the system 3.5 hours to reach the point. ΔT/H operating value was inversely proportional to thermal efficiency. Water flow rate was proportional to collected energy and maximum collected energy was 456 W. It can be highlighted that the best water flow rate was 0.004 kg/s because it gives the maximum thermal efficiency and collected energy.

Introduction: Pancytopenia is a common hematological problem with an extensive differential diagnosis and is a challenging problem to the treating physician. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy is an important diagnostic test for patient management. The objective of this study is to find out the incidence various causes of pancytopenia in patients attending to the Enam medical college hospital in savar. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of haematology, Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) from July 2012 to June 2019. Results: In our study out of 66 patients, 36 (54.55%) were male, 30 (45.45%) were female and male to female ratio were 1.2:1.Generalized weakness 47 (71.21%) and fever 23 (34.85%) were the most common presenting symptoms followed by bleeding 17 (25.76%), weight loss 6 (12.12%), bodyache 6 (9.09%). Most common clinical findings were anemia 57 (86.36%) and bone tenderness 22 (33.33%). Other physical findings were purpura/brusing 13 (19.70%), splenomegaly 10 (15.15%), lymphadenopathy 4 (6.06%) and hepatomegaly 3 (4.55%). Hematological malignancy 29 (43.94%) and hypoplastic marrow 26 (39.39%) were the most common bone marrow finding of pancytopenic patients followed by megaloblastic anaemia 4 (6.06%), leishmaniasias 5 (7.58), and erythroid hyperplasia 2 (3.03%). Acute myeloid leukaemia was the common haematological malignancy 16 (24.24%), others were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 5 (7.58%). Myelodysplastic syndrome 3 (4.55%), multiple myeloma 4 (6.06%), chronic myelogenous leukaemia in blastic crisis 1 (1.52%). Conclusion: So we concluded that complete workup is essential for all cases of pancytopenia to find out the treatable cases and to reduce the motality and morbidity in serious diseases. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(1): 58-61

According to the Non-communicable disease Risk Factors Survey of 2018, more than one-fifth (21.0%) of adults aged 25 years or older have hypertension and one-third of the adults did not have their blood pressure (BP) measured in their lifetime in Bangladesh. The National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) 2017 and 2018 as well as this 2019 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. This opportunistic screening of voluntary participants aged ≥18 years was carried out from May to July 2019. Data were collected from 100 screening sites in 16 districts in Bangladesh. BP measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data on 24 941 individuals were analysed. Among the participants, 12 658 (50.8%) were female. After multiple imputation, 6990 (28.0%) had hypertension. Among the 6990 participants with hypertension, 5007 (71.6%) were on antihypertensive medication and 5331 (76.3%) were aware of having hypertension. Among 6990 participants with hypertension, 3217 (46.0%) had controlled BP (

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and has been increasing in prevalence over the last few decades. Magnesium (Mg++) has been shown to relax bronchial smooth muscle and influence the function of respiratory muscles. Hypomagnesemia has been associated with diminished respiratory muscle power. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the serum Mg++ level in bronchial asthma patients during stable state and during exacerbation (Acute severe asthma). Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the OPD and IPD of Department of Pulmonology at Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh and this study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2017 for a period of one year. Subjects were enrolled from Enam Medical College and Hospital. Patients diagnosed as bronchial asthma were taken as group A and healthy individuals were as a group B. The asthmatic patients were divided into groups those having chronic stable bronchial asthma and those having acute severe asthma. Results: Serum Mg++ level was significantly (p=0.000) lower in asthmatic patients 1.59±0.24 as compared with healthy controls (2.05±0.34) and significantly lower (p=0.006) in asthmatic patients during exacerbation (1.49±0.27) when compared to stable asthmatics (1.69±0.15). Asthmatic on ≥3 drugs has significantly (p=0.000) lower serum Mg++ 1.43±0.23 than those on

In this work, Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3, Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3, Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, Ba0.5Ca0.25Sr0.25TiO3 and Ba0.5Ca0.5TiO3 have been synthesized to evaluate the influence of mono and co-substitution of A-site dopants (Sr2+ and Ca2+) on the structural, electrical and optical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics. Sr2+ added samples showed a tetragonal structure which became slightly distorted with increasing Sr2+ concentration and finally achieved a cubic structure for x = 0.50. Ba0.5Ca0.5TiO3 also retained their tetragonality with limited solubility. Presence of second phase, CaTiO3 demonstrated the fact of restricted solubility. The concurrent effect of Sr2+ and Ca2+ didn't alter the tetragonal structure. Sr2+ substitution enhanced the apparent density as well as grain size which stimulated the domain wall motion and improved dielectric properties. However, the ferroelectric nature of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 was poor due to the redistribution of point defect at grain boundary. The optical band gap was found to be reduced from 3.48 eV to 3.28 eV with increasing Sr2+ content. Co-substitution of cations improved the electrical property significantly. The highest value of dielectric constant was found to be ∼547 for Ba0.5Ca0.25Sr0.25TiO3 ceramics. Both Ba0.5Ca0.25Sr0.25TiO3 and Ba0.5Ca0.5TiO3 had developed P-E loop having lower coercive field and moderate optical band gap energy. Co-doping with Sr2+ and Ca2+ was a good approach enhancing materials electrical as well as optical property.

Given a machine learning model and a record, membership attacks determine whether this record was used as part of the model's training dataset. Membership inference can present a risk to private datasets if these datasets are used to train machine learning models and access to the resulting models is open to the public. To construct attack models, multiple shadow models are created that imitate the behaviour of the target model, but for which we know the training datasets and thus the ground truth about membership in these datasets. Attack models are then trained on the labeled inputs and outputs of the shadow models. There is a desideratum to conduct more analysis about this attack and accordingly to provide robust mitigation techniques that will not affect the target model's utility. In this paper, we empirically analyzed this attack from different perspectives related to the number of models and the type of training algorithms. We also proposed and evaluated different mitigation techniques against this type of attack considering different training algorithms of the target model. Our experiments show that the defence strategies mitigate the membership inference attack considerably while preserving the utility of the target model. Finally, we summarized and compared the existing mitigation techniques with our results.

Yttrium (Y) doped and pure Titanium Di-oxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by using spin coater. The coater was set up in laboratory with low cost investment. The films were calcined at 450 °C for 1 hour. For characterization, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were carried out. LCR Bridge - GW Instek LCR-821 was used for gas sensing applications. XPS showed that the change of electronic structure due to Y doping. SEM and AFM analysis were carried out to determine the surface morphology of the films. Yttrium (Y) decreased the crystallite size of the films and increased the surface roughness and porosity value, which was very good for many sensing applications. Gas sensing property of the deposited films were improved by the incorporation of yttrium impurities and the sensing property improved almost two times than pure TiO2 thin film. Different researches have been done their research related to this topic but no one researchers provide a precise explanation of their results, authors of this research have tried to do that. Moreover the films were prepared by a simple spin coater to reduce the production cost also.

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10 million deaths each year. According to Non-communicable disease (NCD) Risk Factors Survey Bangladesh 2010, one-fifth (21.9%) of adults aged 25 years or more have hypertension. Almost one-third of the adult population did not have their BP measured in their lifetime in Bangladesh. National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh participated in May Measurement Month (MMM) 2018 as a part of a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes nationally. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension and statistical analysis followed the MMM protocol. Data were collected from 10 screening sites in 9 districts in Bangladesh. A total of 5208 individuals were screened during MMM18. After multiple imputation, 1750 (33.6%) had hypertension. Among the 1750 participants with hypertension, 1312 (75.0%) were aware of having hypertension. Among those that were not on antihypertensive medication, 15.2% were hypertensive and among those that were on antihypertensive medication 33.6% had uncontrolled hypertension. The present study showed that opportunistic screening can identify significant numbers of people with raised BP. A periodic public health programme at a national level needs to be initiated to increase hypertension detection and control rates and thus for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Erroneous data can cause a system to be failed. Though there are several methods for detection and correction, with the increasing amount of errors, it becomes difficult, for both detection, and correction of these erroneous codes. For solving these issues, this paper represents an effective method for solving multiple errors by using Horizontal-Vertical-SuperQueen (HVSQ) parity bits in code. It works with 121 data bits and 44 parity bits. And this method has a higher correction rate with less code overhead and higher code-rate. For these 121 bits of data, we need only 44 redundant bits which, indicate 36.36% of bit overhead and can solve up to 3 bit of errors. It also shows better accuracy in the increased number of errors in data bits.

Heating water with solar energy is easy and effective in both domestic and industrial areas. The initial implementation cost of a solar-water-heating system is high but long term use of it makes it cost effective. For geographical location, Bangladesh is very suitable for using it. In a solar collector system, collector area is an important design factor. To achieve better thermal performance, 0.81m2 solar collector was used in this study. Commonly used flat plate collector takes more space to be installed. In Bangladesh, space on the roofs of houses and industries are limited and so there is a little scope to use flat plate collector system. Compound parabolic collector can solve this problem. Solar collector with compound parabolic collector needs less space than flat plate collector with reflector. When compound parabolic concentrator was attached with the solar collector, thermal performance improves. Compare with other alternatives that improve thermal efficiency, compound parabolic concentrator shows better thermal performance. Compare thermal efficiency of the consecutive three months. In this system, when water flow rate increase, outlet water temperature decrease but thermal efficiency increases. It is also observed that when solar intensity increases, thermal efficiency also increases likewise when solar intensity decreases, thermal efficiency also decreases. In this research, outputs of different similar researches are compared to show the effectiveness of the compound parabolic concentrator based solar collector. The compound parabolic concentrator reflects more solar radiation, eventually directs it to the collector and increased the difference between the inlet and outlet water temperature.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Relevance of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an acute phase reactant and a sensitive marker of low-grade systemic inflammation in bronchial asthma has not been fully studied.Objectives: Reported studies have found an inverse relationship between lung function and markers of systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between serum level of hs-CRP and bronchial asthma.Materials and method: In this study, hs-CRP was measured in 60 patients with asthma and 40 healthy control subjects. Of all asthmatics, 39 patients had partially controlled and uncontrolled asthma and 21 patients had asthma during exacerbation.Results: Highly sensitive CRP was significantly higher (p

Thin films of magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminium (Al) doped MgO were deposited onto glass substrate at 350 °C by spray pyrolysis technique. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the MgO films have been investigated and characterized as a function of Al doping concentration (0–2) mol%. X-ray diffraction study confirms the successful fabrication of MgO thin films. The surface morphology of the films reveals that the morphology of the MgO films greatly changes with Al doping concentration. The optical properties like optical transmittance, optical band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real & imaginary part of the dielectric constant, electron energy loss function and optical conductivity have been characterized and discussed. It has been found that the optical properties of MgO films have been changes significantly with Al doping concentration.

85ZnO–15TiO2, 75ZnO–25TiO2, and 65ZnO–35TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel method. The structural, morphological, antibacterial, optical and photocatalytic performances were analyzed. Three phases, i.e., hexagonal wurtzite, anatase, and hexagonal ZnTiO3 were detected for each of the specimens. The crystallite size reduced as the TiO2 content increased, whereas the corresponding values for 65ZnO–35TiO2 were 39.02 nm (ZnO), 20.40 nm (anatase) and 34.89 nm (ZnTiO3). A particle size reduction phenomenon was observed as approaching from 85ZnO–15TiO2 (66 nm) to 65ZnO–35TiO2 (47 nm). The antibacterial activity was measured through the inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria by ZnO–TiO2. The maximum inhibition zone for bacterial growth was achieved for 65ZnO–35TiO2 (19.7 mm). Two types of absorption bands were obtained within the UV–Visible region. However, the blue shifting of these bands resulted in the enhanced band gap. Moreover, 65ZnO–35TiO2 demonstrated the highest photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue dye backing the reason for the lowest particle size (47 nm). The photodegradation efficiency values of 85ZnO–15TiO2, 75ZnO–25TiO2 and 65ZnO–35TiO2 at 100 min were 72.9%, 80.2%, 90.7% respectively.

Disinfection byproduct (DBP) concentrations in drinking water distribution systems and indoor water uses depend on competitive formation and degradation reactions. This study investigated the dehalogenation kinetics of total organic chlorine (TOCl), bromine (TOBr) and iodine (TOI) produced by fulvic acid under different pH and temperature conditions, and total organic halogen (TOX) variations in a treated drinking water under simulated distribution system and heating scenarios. TOX dehalogenation rates were generally in the order of TOI ≅ TOCl(NH 2 Cl) > TOBr > TOCl(Cl 2 ). The half-lives of different groups of TOX compounds formed by fulvic acid varied between 27 and 139 days during incubation at 20 °C and 0.98–2.17 days during heating at 55 °C. Base-catalyzed reactions played a major role in TOX degradation as evidenced by enhanced dehalogenation under high pH conditions. The results of heating of a treated water in the presence of residuals showed that TOX concentrations of chlorinated samples increased rapidly when chlorine residuals were present and then gradually decreased after chlorine residuals were exhausted. The final TOX concentrations of chlorinated samples after heating showed moderate decreases with increasing ambient water ages. Chloraminated samples with different ambient water ages exhibited similar final TOX concentrations during simulated distribution system and heating experiments. This study reinforces the importance of understanding DBP variations in indoor water uses as wells as in distribution systems to provide more accurate DBP information for exposure assessment and regulatory determination.

The increased amount of waste generation resulting from urbanization, population growth and improved life-style is a major concern for many developing countries like Bangladesh. A major portion (68–81%) of the urban waste of Bangladesh is composed of food waste, which produce CH4 as they decompose anaerobically. The trends of waste generation indicate a growing rate of 0.1343 million tonnes per year. This study estimates that greenhouse gases (GHGs) of 1.29 million tonnes CO2 equivalent (CO2e) is emitted annually because of composting. This study also estimates that CH4 generated from existing solid waste is 250.95 million tonnes CO2e and 2.89 million USD could be saved as part of energy production through recovery of CH4 from landfill. The existing waste management policy neither includes any waste to energy recovery targets, nor does it explain any recycling or reuse targets. Besides, there are no provisions for incentives for waste minimization. Hence, this study proposes to formulate a comprehensive waste management policy considering reduction of greenhouse gas by reviewing existing laws on waste management system. A policy matrix for waste management has been proposed to overcome the flaws of existing environmental policy and regulatory framework.

In this study we examine the solar radiation conversion into thermal energy and energy storage into phase change material (PCM) in the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector system. In order to get better solar radiation satisfactory compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) has been mounted on PVT collector. In this study outdoor experiments were carried out to compare performance study between clear day and semi-cloudy day in winter season. PVT solar collector with CPC that act as a solar collector, a PCM tank and CPC was integrated into one piece because of simplicity structure for PCM storage in same unit. No connection pipe i , e small area needed for installation and continuous tracking was not needed for better concentration ratio. Total heat loss, total useful energy, thermal efficiency and overall efficiency of the collector by varying different parameters were evaluated using modified equations derived for the energy storage system from the basic derivation of Hottel–Bliss–Whillier. The results show that thermal efficiency of solar collector varies from 40% to 50% for clear day and around 40% for semi-cloudy day. The overall efficiency of the PVT collector between 55% and 63% for clear-day and around 46–55% for semi-cloudy day whereas corresponding top loss value around 3 W/m 2 K for clear day and around 2.5 W/m 2 K for semi-cloudy day. Up to around 3 m from entrance, the plate temperature was increased and then it became nearly steady. But in case of applying same system without PCM temperature was increased sharply.

Ceramic industries in Bangladesh are using raw materials imported from abroad. For this reason, manufacturing costs of the ceramic products are quite high. Now a day, the demand of the ceramic products in Bangladesh is very high. To reduce the cost of these ceramic products, different types of local clays can be used as raw materials with quartz and feldspar to manufacture ceramic ware, tile, and sanitary ware. In this research, locally available clay of nine different areas had been used to prepare the sample. Their physical and mechanical properties were tested and studied to evaluate the quality of the products. Khagrachari (canal) and Padma (north) clay have shown better physical and mechanical properties. This clay is suitable for the production of ceramic ware and Khagrachari (Hill) and Padma (South) clay for quality tiles. The compositions of locally available clays were determined using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). XRF analysis showed the presence of excess SiO 2 content in the form of Silicate, Fe 2 O 3, and TiO 2 but the amount of Al 2 O 3 in most of the compositions was also not up to the minimum level. Observing the physical and mechanical properties, it is found that the local clay materials are suitable to use in ceramic industries by replacing the imported/traditional clay to reduce cost and make a perfect use of our natural resources.

Comments are supported by various websites and provide a simple approach to increment user involvement. Users can generally comment on different types of media such as: social networks, blogs, forums and news articles. As discussions increasingly move toward online forums, the issue of insulting and abusive comments is becoming prevalent. In addition, a lots of comments are available due to these social media. Hence, it is not feasible for a human moderator to check each comments one by one and flag them as abusive or not abusive. For this reason, an automated classifier which is quick and efficient is necessary to detect such type of comments. To fulfill above purpose, in this paper a Naive Bayes classifier is designed to detect abusive comments expressed in Bangla. Using a training corpus collected from “Youtube.com”, the Naive Bayes classifier is employed to categorize comments as abusive or not abusive. Finally, the performance is evaluated by using 10-fold cross-validation on unprocessed data.

Characterization of both uncalcined and calcined eggshells was done in this work. Raw eggshells turned out as a good source of calcite phase. Calcined eggshells had a mixture of lime and portlandite phase. A significant impact of calcination temperature on the percentage of generated phases was observed. Qualitative as well as semi-quantitative phase analysis, morphological characterization and physical property estimation was done for the produced powder. The influence of synthesized raw material on soil stabilization and biomaterial formation was further assessed. The eggshell turned out as a potential source of raw material for various sectors. Resumo A caracterização de cascas de ovo não calcinada e calcinada foi feita neste trabalho. A casca de ovo mostrou-se uma boa fonte de fase de calcita. As cascas de ovo calcinadas apresentaram mistura de cal e fase portlandita. Observou-se impacto significativo da temperatura de calcinação na porcentagem das fases geradas. Foram realizadas análises de fase qualitativa e semiquantitativa, caracterização morfológica e determinação da propriedade física para o pó produzido. Foi avaliada a influência da matéria-prima sintetizada na estabilização do solo e na formação de biomaterial. A casca de ovo mostrou ser uma fonte potencial de matéria-prima para vários setores.

This paper proposes a new method to detect and correct multi bit errors in memory applications using a combination of a clustering approach, Bit-Per-Byte error detection technique, and Majority Logic Decodable (MLD) codes. The likelihood of soft errors accelerates with system complexity, reduction in operational voltages, exponential growth in transistor per chip, increases in clock frequencies, breakdown of memory reliability and device shrinking. Memories are the sensitive part of a computer system. Soft errors in memories may cause an instruction to malfunction. Several techniques are already in practice to mitigate the soft errors. Majority logic decodable codes are proved as effective for memory applications because of their ability to correct a massive number of errors. Since memories are used to hold large number of bits that’s the restraint of Majority logic decodable codes method, so we emphasize on the size of data word in this method. The proposed method aims to detect and correct up to seven bit errors with lesser computational time. It works in an efficient manner in case of adjacent errors which is not possible in Majority logic decodable codes (MLD). It is delineated by Experimental reviews that the proposed approach outperforms existing dominant approach with respect to number of erroneous bit detection and correction, and computational time overhead.

The issue of crowd reckoning has as of late gotten noteworthy consideration in the current era. Given an image of a crowded environment, the objective is to evaluate the density of the crowd, by counting the quantity of individuals that it contains. There are some approaches to solve crowd reckoning problem. They intend to reckon crowd for a medium sized place. But crowd detection at Hajj Pilgrimage site has never been tried before as far we have studied. Hajj Pilgrimage sites are different than most of the places. The aim of this work is to prevent any future stampede at Hajj Pilgrimage sites. This paper proposes a method where head detection technique is used for the crowd reckoning. It uses the segmentation of head regions from still images. The crowd reckoning will determine the possibility of a stampede and can alarm the people to take necessary steps. Assessment of the proposed model demonstrates worthy performance in realistic operating conditions.

not availableJ Enam Med Col 2018; 8(3): 177-178

Osteoporosis is one of the most notable causes of bone fracture and approximately 200 million women are affected by osteoporosis worldwide. According to a report of International Osteoporosis Foundation, at least one in five men and one in three women in Bangladesh suffer a bone fracture due to osteoporosis in their remaining lifetime. Limited data is available in the open literature on osteoporosis among women in Bangladesh and more so on the micro-structural analysis of osteoporosis. The present study particularly aims at identifying the trend of osteoporosis of women of in Bangladesh, with special emphasis on the mechanical micro-structural analysis of female bones. A comprehensive statistical analysis has been conducted by collecting data of 250 Bangladeshi females with age ranging from 20 to 80 years. Trabecular bones of Tibia of female have been analysed with computed tomography for micro-structural assessment. To characterize several parameters of trabecular bones, the computed tomography scans have been analysed and parameters like bone volume fraction, fractal dimension etc. have been evaluated. A correlation between structural properties of the bones has been formed by multiple regression analysis. It shows a positive correlation between fractal dimension and bone volume fraction of the specimens.

In this paper, we present an applied research on designing and developing a recommender system for graduate admission seekers which can help them to choose graduate school matching their entire academic profile. Here we have developed a technique to transform relational database for students' all types of relevant information into a universal database format using academic data of successful students who have already got opportunity to study abroad. After that we have developed an algorithm for grad school recommender system which can calculate similarity between training and test data set based on weighted scores using mean squared deviation similarity metrics. We have used K-nearest Neighbor algorithm for calculating top N similar users for the test users and recommend Top K universities to users from N similar users. Finally our proposed recommender system will recommend list of universities to apply for graduate admission to pursue higher study abroad with funding.

Background: Pregnancy related acute renal (PRARF) failure is more common in developing countries than developed country. Improved antenatal care and obstetric care reduce PRARF in developed country. In Bangladesh maternal mortality rate is 3.8/1000 population of which 25% account for acute renal failure. We try to find out cause, risk factor and out come of pregnancy related acute renal failure. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done to observe the status of ARF in pregnancy in Nephrology Department of Dhaka Medical College during 2007-2008. All patients were undergone detail history, clinical examination and investigation and follow up during hospital stay. Data recorded in predesigned case record form. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS soft ware 12.5 package. All data presented as mean or percentage. The Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare differences in the frequency of clinical manifestations among cases. P value

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the fretting fatigue behavior of physical vapor deposition-coated CrN film deposited on Ti - 6Al - 4V specimens contacted on both sides with pads of the same material. Behavior against the CrN -coated specimens was characterized through the determination of fretting fatigue strength up to 107 cycles. Fretting damage of specimen surface was characterized by SEM and surface profilometer. The experimental results from the S – N tests indicate that the CrN coating is effective to improve the fretting fatigue strength until about 106 cycles, but over 106 cycles, the strength is lower than that of uncoated specimens. The enhanced fretting fatigue resistance can be attributed to the improved hardness of the CrN film due to change of bias voltage during the film deposition. It has also been concluded that below and about 106 cycles, there is smaller influence of bias voltage on fatigue strength, whereas, over 106 cycles, fatigue strength is clearly changed by bias voltage as well as contact pressure.

Titanium alloy has an attractive strength-to-weight ratio and good fatigue properties. However, the titanium alloy has very poor wear resistance, therefore, surface treatments must be considered in order to make the contact parts. Hard thin film deposited by PVD technique is well-known to improve the wear resistance. In this study, chromium nitride ( CrN ) film was applied to titanium alloy and its effect on the fatigue behavior was investigated. Ti -6 Al -4 V alloy was used as a substrate material. The CrN film was deposited by arc ion plating (AIP) method at two different negative bias voltages because the film hardness, crystal orientation and surface morphology were strongly depended on the bias voltage during the deposition. Tension-tension fatigue test and tensile test were carried out to investigate the fatigue properties. As the result, the fatigue strength was influenced by the deposition of the CrN film, especially, the fatigue strength was remarkable decreased by the deposition of the CrN film at high negative bias voltage compared to the uncoated specimen and the deposition of the CrN at low negative bias voltage. The difference of the fatigue strength was also investigated on the basis of crack initiating behavior during fatigue test and tensile test.

The work reported in this paper was carried out to study the trends of PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less) concentrations and source apportionment of PM2.5 monitored at an urban residential site in Lahore, Pakistan. PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected for 2 days in a week at 12 h interval in a day, both in dry and wet seasons, on ZefluorTM filter papers using Thermo-Electron Corporation Reference Ambient Air Sampler (RAAS). Total 310 samples were collected during the period under study, i.e., from November 2005 to December 2007. High PM2.5 loads were observed in winter, which were approximately 4 times greater than those observed in the summer, spring, fall and monsoon seasons in the yearlong measurements. Source apportionment was performed on short duration analysis results of November 2005 to March 2006 using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. The results derived from PMF model indicated that the major contributors to PM2.5 in Lahore are: soil/road dust, industrial emissions, vehicular emissions and secondary aerosols. It is, therefore, concluded that in addition to local vehicular and industrial emissions, the city is also affected from trans-boundary air pollutants particularly due to secondary aerosols (especially SO42-) during winter which increase PM2.5 concentrations manifold when relatively less mixing height exists. The sulfate particles also facilitate in haze/fog formation during calm highly humid conditions, thus reduce visibility and increase the incidents of respiratory diseases encountered in the city every year.

The time-dependent increase in pile capacity after its driving may be significant. A reliable prediction of this increase (setup) may lead to a significant saving in pile design. A neural network model to predict pile setup was developed. A database derived from field tests reported in the literature showing setup of driven piles was compiled, with six variables selected as input parameters: soil type, pile type, pile diameter, pile length, time after pile installation, and initial effective stress at tip. Ultimate pile capacity at beginning of restrike (QBOR) is the sum of pile capacity (QEOD) at end of drive and increased in capacity (ΔQBOR) caused by setup, which in this study is predicted by a backpropagation neural network. The results demonstrate that the neural network model provides a better prediction than predictions by the available empirical methods. A neural network model can serve as a reliable tool for the prediction of pile setup, and further training with additional data will lead to additional improvement in the quality of prediction.

Soft error tolerance is a matter of concern for system reliability nowadays. The likelihood of soft errors increase with system complexity, reduction in operational voltages, exponential growth in transistors per chip, increases in clock frequencies and device shrinking. As the memory bit-cell area is condensed, single event upset that would have formerly despoiled only a single bit-cell are now proficient of upsetting multiple contiguous memory bit-cells per particle strike. While these error types are beyond the error handling capabilities of the frequently used error correction codes (ECCs) for single bit, the overhead associated with moving to more sophisticated codes for multi-bit errors is considered to be too costly. To address this issue, this paper presents a new approach to detect and correct multi-bit soft error by using Horizontal-Vertical-Diagonal Blocks (HVDB) parity bits with a higher reliability.