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The relevance of the presented article lies in the fact that based on the analysis of the royal letters sent to the Don Cossacks in the XVI – XVII centuries, it is possible to determine the main directions of the foreign policy of the Moscow state on the southern border, which it tried to implement through the Don Cossacks, as well as to determine the role of the Cossacks themselves in relations with the little Nogai – one of the main opponents of Moscow, along with Turks and Crimean Tatars in the North-Eastern Azov region. The main source in our study was the letters of the Russian tsars, published back in 1864. the editor of the "Don military vedomosti" I.P. Pryanishnikov. As a result of the application of historical-comparative and historical-typological methods, we concluded that for the Moscow state, issues related to building relationships with the Kaziev ulus (The Little Nogai Horde) through the use of Don Cossacks, if not paramount, then, in any case, played a far from the last role in foreign policy in the southern direction in the XVI– XVII centuries. The measurement method was used by us when calculating quantitative information about the main actors of international relations contained in the certificates sent from Moscow to the Don, which we compared to determine the main and secondary partners of Russia in the southern direction. In the context of studying the relationship of the Don Cossacks with the Little Nogai Horde, these letters are studied for the first time.

BACKGROUND: According to clinical and statistical observations, there is the high prevalence of gingival recession in children and adults. Currently, the methods of treating gingival recession are considered as corrective surgical measures. However, all modern corrective techniques are traumatic and force the patient to refuse surgical treatment in the presence of a shallow recession with a depth of no more than 2 mm. The depth of gingival recession in the absence of treatment progresses, which causes clinicians to search for alternative minimally invasive therapy for such patients. AIM: The aim of our study is to determine the effectiveness of prevention and non-surgical treatment of gum recession using a Radiesse filler (Merz North America, USА). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 patients (men and women) of the young age between 1844 with thin and intermediate biotype of gums and bones and patients with initial signs of gum recession (not more than 2 mm) have been examined. The state of periodontal tissues and changes in them have been assessed by clinical examination methods; laser Doppler flowmetry and a morphological analysis of tissues have been performed. RESULTS: Two injections of a Radiess filler have been found to improve the condition of the patients with gum recession compared with the initial values. CONCLUSIONS: Gingival recession after two injections of a Radiesse filler steadily decreases compared to its initial values. In the absence of treatment, a statistically significant (p 0.05) increase in the depth of gingival recession has been noted after 12 months from the start of observation. When using a Radiesse dermal filler to support the keratinized zone of the gums, a decrease in microcirculation in the injection zone is observed in the first month, however, after 6 and 12 months, its value significantly increases compared to the initial value and the data of the control group.

International audience; Spin qubits in semiconductor quantum dots are one of the promizing devices to realize a quantum processor. A better knowledge of the noise sources affecting the coherence of such a qubit is therefore of prime importance. In this work, we study the effect of telegraphic noise induced by the fluctuation of a single electric charge. We simulate as realistically as possible a hole spin qubit in a quantum dot defined electrostatically by a set of gates along a silicon nanowire channel. Calculations combining Poisson and time-dependent Schr\"odinger equations allow to simulate the relaxation and the dephasing of the hole spin as a function of time for a classical random telegraph signal. We show that dephasing time $T_2$ is well given by a two-level model in a wide range of frequency. Remarkably, in the most realistic configuration of a low frequency fluctuator, the system has a non-Gaussian behavior in which the phase coherence is lost as soon as the fluctuator has changed state. The Gaussian description becomes valid only beyond a threshold frequency $\omega_{th}$, when the two-level system reacts to the statistical distribution of the fluctuator states. We show that the dephasing time $T_{2}(\omega_{th})$ at this threshold frequency can be considerably increased by playing on the orientation of the magnetic field and the gate potentials, by running the qubit along "sweet" lines. However, $T_{2}(\omega_{th})$ remains bounded due to dephasing induced by the non-diagonal terms of the stochastic perturbation Hamiltonian. Our simulations reveal that the spin relaxation cannot be described cleanly in the two-level model because the coupling to higher energy hole levels impacts very strongly the spin decoherence. This result suggests that multi-level simulations including the coupling to phonons should be necessary to describe the relaxation phenomenon in this type of qubit.

Protein synthesis in eukaryotic cell is spatially and structurally compartmentalized that ensures high efficiency of this process. One of the distinctive features of higher eukaryotes is the existence of stable multi-protein complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translation elongation factors. Here, we report a quaternary organization of the human guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex, eEF1B, comprising α, β and γ subunits that specifically associate into a heterotrimeric form eEF1B(αβγ)3. As both the eEF1Bα and eEF1Bβ proteins have structurally conserved GEF domains, their total number within the complex is equal to six. Such, so far, unique structural assembly of the guanine-nucleotide exchange factors within a stable complex may be considered as a ‘GEF hub’ that ensures efficient maintenance of the translationally active GTP-bound conformation of eEF1A in higher eukaryotes.

The songs, called “black kite’s” («shuliakovi») according to folk terminology, are analysed in the article. The rite of «kite chasing», «black kite beating» is well-known in many regions of Ukraine. According to various fixations of the ritual it falls on the first day of Apostles’ Fast. Podillia recorder Serhii Venhrzhenovskyi (1844–1913) has noted at the end of the 19th century that this rite is unlucky, because it is preserved only in a few counties in Podillia (in some villages of Vinnytsia, Lityn, Haisyn, partly – Yampil and Bratslav ones), sporadically, only in such places where there are no churches, i. e. in the attached parishes, where there is no one to ban it. Women participating in the ceremony have performed the so-called «black kite’s» songs, distinguished by their archaic nature and aimed to protect chickens and hens from the hawks, especially black kites. Few researchers have emphasized the orgiastic nature of the ritual and the hidden semantics of both the song lyrics and the nonverbal behaviour of the participants, focusing on the «blackness» of the bird and the allusions associated with the death it personifies. Also important space-time coordinates, specifics, the context of songs performing, that accompany the ceremony, as well as the main functions of both the songs and the ritual itself are analyzed.

War is an inevitable companion of human history. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, as well as from a practical and applied point of view, the identification of the fundamental causes that give rise to this phenomenon continues to be an urgent problem. It was made an attempt to explain a new research method along with class and geopolitical approach assigning reasons of great military conflicts. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the method called the Thucydides trap. The object of the study is the deterrence strategies used by the main actors of world politics. The subject of the study is the modification of the Thucydides trap in relation to the US-China confrontation.

Introduction and Background: Thyroidectomy is one of the common endocrine surgery performed. Hypocalcemia is one of the most common complication post thyroidectomy. Incidence varies between 6.4-20.5% for transient and 1.5 to 2.69 for permanent hypocalcemia. Meticulous surgical technique is the key for preservation of blood supply to parathyroid gland and hence decreasing the incidence of post op hypocalcemia. Once identified should be treated with multidisciplinary approach with proper follow up. Objective: To determine the incidence of transient and perminant hypocalcemia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy in our institute for various reasons. Methods: Records of 120 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from Jan 2017 till July 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Calcium levels were checked at 6 hours post operatively to find the incidence of transient hypocalcemia and at 6-8 months interval to calculate for permanent hypocalcemia. All patients were followed till 2 years post operatively and treatment started for those with hypocalcemia and repeated calcium levels were checked and treatment was tapered and gradually stopped once normal serum calcium levels reached normal. Results: The incidence of transient hypocalcemia in our study is 4.1 % while only 0.8 % patients had permanent hypocalcemia . Conclusion: Hypocalcemia being one of the most common complication of thyroidectomy, the incidence can be reduced by paying attention to meticulous surgical techniques. It is seen mostly in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy and advanced and prolonged surgery for malignancy.