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ЦЕЛЬ: Установить факторы риска получения травм футболистами. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследовании принимало участие 216 футболистов из 12 клубов высшей футбольной лиги. Данные о травмах, связанных с футболом, собраны во время спортивного сезона 2012-2013 года. В начале исследования среди игроков были проведены следующие измерения антропометрических показателей: веса, роста, BMI, толщины подкожного жирового слоя; были учтены игровой опыт и история получения травмы; с каждым спортсменом был проведён тест на физическую выносливость с измерением максимальных аэробных возможностей. В отношении каждого спортсмена были зарегистрированы частота, тип и тяжесть травм, нагрузка во время тренировок и частота игрового участия. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Большинство игроков (n = 155, 71.7 %) получило травмы в период исследования. Частота получения травм в период активного игрового сезона составляет 6.3 на 1000 игровых часов (95%-ный доверительный интервал, 4.31-9.67). Логистический множественный регрессионный анализ установил, что игровой опыт (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.32-0.61 p < 0.01), возраст (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.49-2.81, p < 0.01) и наличие предыдущей травмы (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.14-9.07, p < 0.01) сигнификантно связаны с повышенным риском получения травмы. Индекс массы тела не соотносится с риском получения травмы. Растяжения связок (34.19 %) и вывихи (25.81 %) являются основными типами травм. Двадцать семь процентов травмированных игроков не принимали участия в играх свыше 1 месяца, при этом травмы в области колена являются наиболее тяжёлыми повреждениями (25.42 %). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: Существенными факторами риска получения травм футболистами являются наличие предыдущих травм, более старший возраст и игровой опыт. В будущих обследованиях необходимо включить и исследование программ для адекватной медицинской реабилитации, направленных на снижение риска получения травм.

Background: An emphasis has been given lately towards women's engagement together with their potential in soccer. As this sport develops with athletes becoming more physically fit and skilled, it is unclear what the consequences in terms of injuries are. Having this in mind, this study aimed to investigate the major injuries that occur in women's soccer players., Methods: This descriptive epidemiological study invited all 286 women's soccer players from the 12 participating women clubs in the Kosovo 1st Soccer League (elite football level) during the 2021/2022 season, out of which 142 from 12 clubs participated. Exposure time for 1000 h of playing and training were recorded in addition to the anthropometric data, playing position, and prior injury history during the end of the season, practice, and match. The exact type of injury, severity, and post-injury recovery time, as well as the circumstances surrounding the injuries, were recorded., Results: In total 84 injuries were registered with an overall injury ratio (IR) being 3.21 (CI: 2.56, 3.98) injuries/1000 exposure hours. During the competitive season, each player sustained 1.4 injuries on average. IRs were significantly higher during competition (n = 50; IR = 1.57; CI: 1.52, 1.62) compared to training (n = 34; IR = 0.26, CI: 0.25, 0.27). Out of a total of 142 women players, 84 (59.2%) injuries occurred, and no record of injuries was made in 58 (40.8%) players. The overall IR was observed to be 3.21 (CI: 1.24, 3.27), with moderate and severe injuries accounting for 38.1% of total injuries (each), followed by mild (16.7%) and minimal (7.1%) injuries., Conclusion: The women IR in Kosovo women's soccer players is low while being circa 11% below the international average. Almost 2 out of every 4 injuries were categorized as traumatic, with the IRs being more than 5-fold larger during games than during training. Additionally, these findings emphasize the higher rate of injuries amongst younger athletes, suggesting caution to be taken by the coaches when planning for the match. The collected data may help coaches and trainers create more targeted women's soccer injury prevention programs., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

This study identified and analyzed the risk factors of lower extremity injuries (LEI) in elite women football players to improve career and health outcomes. To address this aim, a systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was used. In total, four relevant research articles were identified through database searching and screening using the PRISMA flow diagram. From these articles, eight predictors were identified that influence the risk of LEI among elite women football players: higher body mass index (OR 1.51, 95% CI); previous knee injury (OR 3.57, 95% CI); low normalized knee separation (≤10th percentile) (RR 1.92, 95% CI); all previous injury (previous ACL tear: OR 5.24, 95% CI; ankle sprain: 1.39, 95% CI; knee sprain: 1.50, 95% CI); and previous injury in the lower body (OR 2.97, 95% CI). Meanwhile, lower knee valgus angle in a drop-jump landing (OR 0.64, 95% CI) was found to decrease the risk of LEI among elite women football players.

Hamstring injuries remain the most common injury type across many professional sports. Despite a variety of intervention strategies, its incidence in soccer players playing in the UEFA Champions League has increased by 4% per year over the last decade. Test batteries trying to identify potential risk factors have produced inconclusive results. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively record hamstring injuries, to investigate the incidence and characteristics of the injuries, and to identify possible risk factors in elite male soccer players, playing in the Kosovo national premier league. A total of 143 soccer players from 11 teams in Kosovo were recruited. To identify possible prevalent musculoskeletal or medical conditions a widespread health and fitness assessment was performed including isokinetic strength testing, Nordic hamstring strength test, functional tests, and a comprehensive anamnesis surveying previous hamstring injuries. On average 27.9% of the players sustained at least one hamstring injury with three players suffering bilateral strains with the re-injury rate being 23%. Injured players were significantly older and heavier and had a higher body mass index compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). There was a lower passing rate in the Nordic hamstring strength test and a higher injury incidence among the previously injured players compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). Except for hamstring/quadriceps ratio and relative torque at 60°/sec (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant leg, there were no other significant differences in isokinetic strength regardless of the angular velocity. No differences were observed for functional tests between cohorts. Regression analysis revealed that age, Nordic hamstring strength test, previous injury history, and isokinetic concentric torque at 240°/sec could determine hamstring injuries by 25.9%, with no other significant predicting risk factors. The battery of laboratory and field-based tests performed during preseason to determine performance related skills showed limited diagnostic conclusiveness, making it difficult to detect players at risk for future hamstring injuries., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Background: High physical fitness levels in childhood and adolescence are associated with positive health-related outcomes later in life. Albeit many researchers investigated rural-urban differences in physical fitness, the outcomes of these studies are inconsistent and data on Kosovo are widely missing. Thus, this study aims to examine anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in 14 to 15 year old Kosovan adolescents living in rural and urban areas., Methods: Two schools from Pristina (mostly urban population) and two schools in the surrounding villages of the district of Deçan (mostly rural population) were selected. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were determined from a total of 354 adolescents (216 urban: 14.5 ± 0.4 years, 138 rural: age 14.5 ± 0.4 years) who volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study performed in 2013/14., Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.9% in girls and 28.2% in males and excess body fat was detected in 18.2% of the girls and 15.9% of the boys with no differences between rural and urban adolescents. Rural adolescents performed slightly better in relative handgrip strength (+4.7%, p = 0.032) and running speed (10 m: +2.2%, p = 0.012; 20 m: +1.9%, p = 0.035), but no other differences were detected in standing long jump, counter movement jump, cardiorespiratory fitness and sit and reach test. A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that being a female was associated with a lower relative risk for overweight (RR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.34, p < 0.001) and high body fat content (RR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.56, p < 0.001). In addition, higher handgrip strength, longer sprinting time and lower aerobic fitness were associated with a higher relative risk for overweight and excess body fat. In contrast, lower handgrip strength increased the risk for experiencing thinness (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.96, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: It could be shown that there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, especially in 14 to 15 year old boys in Kosovo which does not differ between rural and urban areas. Worse physical performance is associated with a higher risk for overweight and obesity highlighting the importance for interventions in this area and for starting longitudinal observations of a secular trend.

Introduction: Postural attitude is putting the body at attention as an important factor in the prevention of spinal deformities axis and thus the back pains due to changes in articulacio sacroiliaca (ASI), lumbal syndrome (SL), cervical syndrome (SC) and others., Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the level of impact of spinal muscular misbalance that affects daily life activities, physiotherapeutic protocol according to Dr. MC Gill's, and senso-motoric exercises to reduce the pain that backpack. In this material were included 43 patients, 13 males and 30 females aged 18 to 50 years old who were inculded in the second and third degree after completing a survey of ODI's-the index of disability (Oswestry Disability Index)., Results: The results obtained show that after the protocol of physiotherapeutic Dr. MC Gill's, and senzoro-motor exercise significantly decrease pain in the back which confirmed the results of the questionnaire according to ODI, where it is seen that out of 30 patients with complaints of second-degree or 69.8%, and 13 patients or 30.2% that have been complaints of third degree with significant disorders of activity of daily life before rehabilitation treatment. The results obtained after three-month rehabilitation treatment according ODIT's questionnaire (Oswestry Disability Index) show that 31 patients have complaints of first instance or 72.1%, then 9 patients have complaints or 20.9% of second level and 3 patients or 7.0% remained in the third degree of apparent disorder of daily life activity., Conclusion: From this we can highlight the misbalance of muscles of the body is one of the leading causes of back pain.