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310 results on '"Shakir, R"'

2. CAnceR IN PreGnancy (CARING) – a retrospective study of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the United Kingdom

Author

Baxter, M. A., Denholm, M., Kingdon, S. J., Kathirgamakarthigeyan, S., Parikh, S., Shakir, R., Johnson, R., Martin, H., Walton, M., Yao, W., Swan, A., Samuelson, C., Ren, X., Cooper, A., Gray, H-L, Clifton, S., Ball, J., Gullick, G., Anderson, M., Dodd, L., Hayhurst, H., Salama, M., Shotton, R., Britton, F., Christodoulou, T., Abdul-Hamid, A., Eichholz, A., Evans, R. M., Wallroth, P., Gibson, F., Poole, K., Rowe, M., and Harris, J.

Published
2024
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7. Prediction study оf the boiling flow оf hеаt transfer in аn array оf in-line micro-рin-fins hеаt sink.

Author

Shakir, R.

Subjects
*EBULLITION, *MASS transfer, *FORECASTING, *INLETS, *FINS (Engineering), *TEMPERATURE, *TECHNOLOGY transfer
Abstract

This study interests R123 employеd tо boiling оf hеаt transfer flow аt array of in-line micro-рin fins square bу having tо (25 X 25 mm2) cross-section bу а (5 mm) height.Оne inlet temperature оf (20 °C), (8) mass rate fоr inlet temperature hаd employеd, ranging from (6.25 to 8.75 g/s) hаd predictеd testеd. Hеаt fluxes hаd rangеd bу (10 tо 17 kW/m2) аt each channel and exit quality аt outlet location hаd (0.27 tо 0.39). Аt last, I want to mention that nо empirical dаtа come оf estimation sеt-uр sо that R123 dаtа come оn estimation analysis wаs only employеd bу equations оf hеаt transfer аt estimation sеt-uр sо same tо same conditions estimation dаtа hаd approximately tо similar tо real lаb tests. А potential hеаt transfer mechanism hаd bееn reportеd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Association of Radiation and Procarbazine Dose With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Author

Geurts, Y.M., Shakir, R., Ntentas, G., Roberti, S., Aznar, M.C., John, K.M., Ramroth, J., Janus, C.P., Krol, A.D., Roesink, J.M., Maazen, R.W.M. van der, Zijlstra, J.M., Darby, S.C., Aleman, B.M.P., Leeuwen, F.E. van, Cutter, D.J., Schaapveld, M., Geurts, Y.M., Shakir, R., Ntentas, G., Roberti, S., Aznar, M.C., John, K.M., Ramroth, J., Janus, C.P., Krol, A.D., Roesink, J.M., Maazen, R.W.M. van der, Zijlstra, J.M., Darby, S.C., Aleman, B.M.P., Leeuwen, F.E. van, Cutter, D.J., and Schaapveld, M.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, IMPORTANCE: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have higher rates of colorectal cancer, which may be associated with subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy and/or alkylating chemotherapy. Although radiation dose-response associations with breast, lung, stomach, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer after HL have been demonstrated, the association of radiation therapy with colorectal cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the rate of colorectal cancer according to radiation dose to the large bowel and procarbazine dose among HL survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A nested case-control study examined 5-year HL survivors at 5 hospital centers in the Netherlands. Participants had been diagnosed with HL in 1964 to 2000, when they were 15 to 50 years of age, and were followed for a median of approximately 26 years. Survivors of HL who developed colorectal cancer and survivors who were selected as controls were individually matched on sex, age at HL diagnosis, and date of HL diagnosis. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to October 2022. EXPOSURES: Mean radiation doses to the large bowel were estimated by reconstructing individual radiation therapy treatments on representative computed tomography data sets. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Excess rate ratios (ERRs) were modeled to evaluate the excess risk associated with each 1-gray increase in radiation dose, and potential effect modification by procarbazine was explored. RESULTS: The study population included 316 participants (mean [SD] age at HL diagnosis, 33.0 [9.8] years; 221 [69.9%] men), 78 of whom were HL survivors who developed colorectal cancer (cases) and 238 who did not (controls). The median (IQR) interval between HL and colorectal cancer was 25.7 (18.2-31.6) years. Increased colorectal cancer rates were seen for patients who received subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy (rate ratio [RR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.1) and those who received more than 8.4 g/m2 procarbazine (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-5.0). Overall, colorectal c

Published
2023

9. Informing radiotherapy decisions in stage I/IIa Hodgkin lymphoma: modeling life expectancy using radiation dosimetry

Author

Jones, DA, Candio, P, Shakir, R, Ntentas, G, Ramroth, J, Gray, AM, and Cutter, DJ

Subjects
Adult, Male, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, Humans, Hematology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Radiometry, Combined Modality Therapy, Hodgkin Disease
Abstract

In recent randomized trials, omitting consolidative radiotherapy (RT) in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL) increased relapses. However, decades of follow-up are required to observe whether lower initial disease control is compensated by reduced risk of late effects. Extrapolation beyond trial follow-up is therefore necessary to inform current treatment decisions. To this end, we developed a microsimulation model to estimate lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after combined modality treatment (CMT) or chemotherapy-alone for stage I/IIa ESHL. For CMT, the model included risks of breast and lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke. Comparative outcomes were assessed for a clinically relevant range of example patients differing by age, sex, smoking status, and representative organs at risk (OAR) radiation doses informed by the RAPID trial. Analysis was performed with and without a 3.5% discount rate on future health. Smoking status had a large effect on optimal treatment choice. CMT was superior for nearly all never smoker example patients regardless of age, sex, and OAR doses. At a maximum, CMT produced a 1.095 (95% CI: 1.054-1.137) gain in undiscounted QALYs for a 20-year-old male never smoker with unilateral neck disease. In contrast, current smokers could substantially gain from chemotherapy-alone treatment. Again at a maximum, a 20-year-old male current smoker with bilateral neck and whole mediastinum involvement gained 3.500 (95% CI: 3.400 to 3.600) undiscounted QALYs with chemotherapy-alone treatment. Overall, CMT was more favorable the younger the patient, when future health discounting was included, and in never smokers.

Published
2022

17. مێژووى ڕامیارى و شارستانى مصرى کۆن لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى سێیەمى فیرعەونى 2780 – 2680 پ . ز

Author

shakir R. Ahmed

Subjects
Sociology, Theology
Abstract

حوکم و دەسەڵاتى بنەماڵەى سێیەمى فیرعەونى لە مصرى کۆندا 2780-2680 پ.ز بە دەستپێکى حوکمڕانى دەوڵەتى کۆن دادەنرێت لەم وڵاتەدا، یەک سەدە ماوەى حوکمڕانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە بە ماوەیەکى گرنگ و چارەنوسساز هەژمار دەکرێت لە مێژووى مصرى کۆندا لە هەردوو لایەنى شارستانى و ڕامیارى، چونکە لەو ماوەیەدا سەردەمێکى نوێ و جیاوازى حوکمڕانى هاتە کایەوە، کە کۆمەڵێک نوێکارى و پێشکەوتنى بەخۆوە بینی، دواتر ئەم نوێکارى و پێشکەوتنە وەک بنەما و ڕێچکەیەک لەلایەن بنەماڵەکانى دواترەوە درێژەى پێدرا، لەمانەش دروست کردنى هەڕەمەکان و شێوازى حوکمکردن و نووسین و پشت بەستن بە ساڵنامە. لەسەر دەستى پاشاکانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە کۆتایی بە پەرتەوازەیی و لاوازى مصر هێنرا کە لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى یەکەم و دووەم بنیاتنرابوو، توانیان مصرێکى بەهێز بنیات بنێن و ناسەقامگیری ڕامیاری وڵات کۆنتڕۆڵ بکەن، وە بیرۆکەى دروستکردنى هەڕەم لەلایەن پاشاکانى ئەم بنەماڵەیە سەریهەڵدا و لەلایەن ئەندازیارى بەناوبانگ (امحتب) خرایە بوارى جێبەجێ کردن قۆناغ بە قۆناغ تا لەسەردەمى بنەماڵەى چوارەم گەیشتە لوتکە، کە وەک شاکارێکى شارستانى مێژوویی تا ئێستاش سەیر دەکرێت.

Published
2021

20. Evaluation of the bearing capacity of piles constructed in Thi-Qar, Iraq, using direct methods of SPT.

Author

Adel, R. and Shakir, R. R.

Subjects
*BEARING capacity of soils, *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *DEAD loads (Mechanics), *GEOTECHNICAL engineering, *VALUE engineering, *STANDARD deviations
Abstract

The determination of the bearing capacity of pile value has been of concern to geotechnical engineers. Increasing the geotechnical structures established in Nasiriyah, located in southern Iraq, places great responsibility on geotechnical engineers in assessing the values of the viability of bearing the piles for different projects and proposing the most appropriate methods for this area. In this study, different methods for estimating the value of the bearing capacity from direct Standard Penetration test (SPT): Meyerhof (1976), Aoki Velosso(1975), Bazaraa & Kukur (1986), Shariatmadari(2008), Decourt (1995) for Al-Eskan Interchange in Nasiriyah, southern Iraq. Three criteria were used to rank the best method. The first method was by plotting the predicted value versus measured value and the second method was by estimating the means and standard deviations. The last one was by using the probability distribution method. The results of this study indicated that the predicted value of bearing capacity of pile calculated with Meyerhof's equation is the closest to the measured value from the interpretation of static test load. This conclusion contributes to using the appropriate method for the preliminary pile foundation design for soil in Nasiriyah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Individualising the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of people with Hodgkin lymphoma

Author

Shakir, R, Shaw, S, Mikhaeel, G, Cutter, D, Peters, M, Ntentas, G, and Ramroth, J

Subjects
Radiotherapy, Oncology, Medicine, Hematology, Decision making
Abstract

Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system that typically affects young adults. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are both highly effective treatments, and 80-90% of patients now become long-term survivors, living long enough to experience late toxicities. Radiotherapy in particular has been shown to increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and second malignancies, and recent trials have attempted to identify patients in whom radiotherapy can be omitted. Omission of radiotherapy has, however, been shown to substantially increase the chance of Hodgkin lymphoma recurrence. The decision about whether or not to use radiotherapy for an individual patient therefore involves weighing up the proven benefit against the potential risks of late toxicity. The aim of this thesis is to understand the decision-making process about radiotherapy, and provide data that can be used to inform patients and clinicians at various steps. I explore patients’ and clinicians’ experience of radiotherapy decision-making, and propose a new decision-making model that fits this context. I present a comprehensive summary of the late toxicities of radiotherapy, including the dose-response relationships that can be used to estimate risks from modern radiotherapy. I report the radiation dose received by abdominopelvic organs in a historic cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, and show how the data has been used to estimate the dose-response relationship for the risk of colorectal cancer. Finally, I present a multivariable linear regression model that estimates the dose a patient’s heart would receive from radiotherapy using measures available at the time of their diagnosis. I use the model to estimate individual patient’s risk of ischaemic heart disease, and show its accuracy is greatest in the medium heart dose range, where the balance of the benefits and risks of radiotherapy are most uncertain. Overall, this thesis helps inform individualised decision-making about radiotherapy by highlighting how clinicians can support patient involvement in decisions and providing methods to help individualise risk estimates of radiotherapy late toxicity.

Published
2022
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32. The Islamic Ancient Termez Through the Lens of Ceramics: A New Archaeological and Archaeometric Study

Author

Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Enrique Ariño Gil, Andreas Angourakis, Shakir R. Pidaev, and Agnese Fusaro

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Range (biology), General Arts and Humanities, Anthropology, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, 0601 history and archaeology, Islam, 06 humanities and the arts, 050701 cultural studies, Archaeology
Abstract

This paper presents an archaeological and archaeometric study of a range of Islamic ceramics (9th-17th centuries) from Termez (south Uzbekistan), a city which has been proven to be both a productio...

Published
2019

33. Assessing Hellenistic to nomadic cultural patterns through pottery in ancient Termez, Uzbekistan

Author

Maite Garcia-Valles, Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Anno Hein, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Meritxell Aulinas Juncà, Andreas Angourakis, Ana Sánchez del Corral, Enrique Ariño Gil, and Shakir R. Pidaev

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Pottery, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2018

37. Carga global, regional y nacional de neurológicas. Desórdenes, 1990-2016: un análisis sistemático para el Global Estudio de la carga de enfermedad 2016

Author

Feigin V, Nichols E, Alam T, Bannick M, Beghi E, Blake N, Culpepper W, Dorsey E, Elbaz A, Ellenbogen R, Fisher J, Fitzmaurice C, Giussani G, Glennie L, James S, Johnson C, Kassebaum N, Logroscino G, Marin B, Mountjoy-Venning W, Nguyen M, Ofori-Asenso R, Patel A, Piccininni M, Roth G, Steiner T, Stovner L, Szoeke C, Theadom A, Vollset S, Wallin M, Wright C, Zunt J, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahpour I, Aboyans V, Abraha H, Acharya D, Adamu A, Adebayo O, Adeoye A, Adsuar J, Afarideh M, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmed M, Aichour A, Aichour I, Aichour M, Akinyemi R, Akseer N, Al-Eyadhy A, Salman R, Alahdab F, Alene K, Aljunid S, Altirkawi K, Alvis-Guzman N, Anber N, Antonio C, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Arnlov J, Asayesh H, Asghar R, Atalay H, Awasthi A, Quintanilla B, Ayuk T, Badawi A, Banach M, Banoub J, Barboza M, Barker-Collo S, Barnighausen T, Baune B, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Bejot Y, Bekele B, Belachew A, Bennett D, Bensenor I, Berhane A, Beuran M, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta Z, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bililign N, Bin Sayeed M, Blazes C, Brayne C, Butt Z, Campos-Nonato I, Cantu-Brito C, Car M, Cardenas R, Carrero J, Carvalho F, Castaneda-Orjuela C, Castro F, Catala-Lopez F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chang J, Chatziralli I, Chiang P, Christensen H, Christopher D, Cooper C, Cortesi P, Costa V, Criqui M, Crowe C, Damasceno A, Daryani A, De la Cruz-Gongora V, De la Hoz F, De Leo D, Degefa M, Demoz G, Deribe K, Dharmaratne S, Diaz D, Dinberu M, Djalalinia S, Doku D, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken E, Edvardsson D, El-Khatib Z, Endres M, Endries A, Eskandarieh S, Esteghamati A, Esteghamati S, Farhadi F, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Farzaei M, Fatima B, Fereshtehnejad S, Fernandes E, Feyissa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fukumoto T, Ganji M, Gankpe F, Garcia-Gordillo M, Gebre A, Gebremichael T, Gelaw B, Geleijnse J, Geremew D, Gezae K, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Gidey M, Gill P, Gill T, Gnedovskaya E, Goulart A, Grada A, Grosso G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagos T, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh R, Hamidi S, Hankey G, Hao Y, Haro J, Hassankhani H, Hassen H, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hegazy M, Heidari B, Henok A, Heydarpour F, Hoang C, Hole M, Rad E, Hosseini S, Hu G, Igumbor E, Ilesanmi O, Irvani S, Islam S, Jakovljevic M, Javanbakht M, Jha R, Jobanputra Y, Jonas J, Jozwiak J, Jurisson M, Kahsay A, Kalani R, Kalkonde Y, Kamil T, Kanchan T, Karami M, Karch A, Karimi N, Kasaeian A, Kassa T, Kassa Z, Kaul A, Kefale A, Keiyoro P, Khader Y, Khafaie M, Khalil I, Khan E, Khang Y, Khazaie H, Kiadaliri A, Kiirithio D, Kim A, Kim D, Kim Y, Kisa A, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Krishnamurthi R, Defo B, Bicer B, Kumar M, Lacey B, Lafranconi A, Lansingh V, Latifi A, Leshargie C, Li S, Liao Y, Linn S, Lo W, Lopez J, Lorkowski S, Lotufo P, Lucas R, Lunevicius R, Mackay M, Mahotra N, Majdan M, Majdzadeh R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta D, Manafi N, Mansournia M, Mantovani L, Marz W, Mashamba-Thompson T, Massenburg B, Mate K, McAlinden C, McGrath J, Mehta V, Meier T, Meles H, Melese A, Memiah P, Memish Z, Mendoza W, Mengistu D, Mengistu G, Meretoja A, Meretoja T, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller T, Mini G, Mirrakhimov E, Moazen B, Mohajer B, Mezerji N, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mohammadibakhsh R, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad A, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moraga P, Velasquez I, Morrison S, Mousavi S, Muhammed O, Muruet W, Musa K, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagel G, Naheed A, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Negoi I, Negoi R, Newton C, Ngunjiri J, Nguyen C, Nguyen L, Ningrum D, Nirayo Y, Nixon M, Norrving B, Noubiap J, Shiadeh M, Nyasulu P, Ogbo F, Oh I, Olagunju A, Olagunju T, Olivares P, Onwujekwe O, Oren E, Owolabi M, Mahesh P, Pakpour A, Pan W, Panda-Jonas S, Pandian J, Patel S, Pereira D, Petzold M, Pillay J, Piradov M, Polanczyk G, Polinder S, Postma M, Poulton R, Poustchi H, Prakash S, Prakash V, Qorbani M, Radfar A, Rafay A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman M, Rajati F, Ram U, Ranta A, Rawaf D, Rawaf S, Reinig N, Reis C, Renzaho A, Resnikoff S, Rezaeian S, Rezai M, Gonzalez C, Roberts N, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roro E, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Sabbagh P, Sacco R, Sachdev P, Saddik B, Safari H, Safari-Faramani R, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahathevan R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian M, Salamati P, Zahabi S, Salimi Y, Samy A, Sanabria J, Santos I, Milicevic M, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarvi S, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sawant A, Sawhney M, Schneider I, Schottker B, Schwebel D, Seedat S, Sepanlou S, Shabaninejad H, Shafieesabet A, Shaikh M, Shakir R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharif M, Sharif-Alhoseini M, She J, Sheikh A, Sheth K, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shiue I, Siabani S, Siddiqi T, Sigfusdottir I, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silberberg D, Silva J, Silveira D, Singh J, Sinha D, Skiadaresi E, Smith M, Sobaih B, Sobhani S, Soofi M, Soyiri I, Sposato L, Stein D, Stein M, Stokes M, Sufiyan M, Sykes B, Sylaja P, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Ao B, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah M, Temsah O, Thakur J, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Tortajada-Girbes M, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Tran K, Truelsen T, Tsadik A, Car L, Ukwaja K, Ullah I, Usman M, Uthman O, Valdez P, Vasankari T, Vasanthan R, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante F, Vlassov V, Vosoughi K, Vu G, Vujcic I, Wagnew F, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Weiderpass E, Weiss J, Whiteford H, Wijeratne T, Winkler A, Wiysonge C, Wolfe C, Xu G, Yadollahpour A, Yamada T, Yano Y, Yaseri M, Yatsuya H, Yimer E, Yip P, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zaidi Z, Bin Zaman S, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zare Z, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Naghavi M, Murray C, Vos T, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, VU University medical center, Feigin V.L., Nichols E., Alam T., Bannick M.S., Beghi E., Blake N., Culpepper W.J., Dorsey E.R., Elbaz A., Ellenbogen R.G., Fisher J.L., Fitzmaurice C., Giussani G., Glennie L., James S.L., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Logroscino G., Marin B., Mountjoy-Venning W.C., Nguyen M., Ofori-Asenso R., Patel A.P., Piccininni M., Roth G.A., Steiner T.J., Stovner L.J., Szoeke C.E.I., Theadom A., Vollset S.E., Wallin M.T., Wright C., Zunt J.R., Abbasi N., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahpour I., Aboyans V., Abraha H.N., Acharya D., Adamu A.A., Adebayo O.M., Adeoye A.M., Adsuar J.C., Afarideh M., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M.B., Aichour A.N., Aichour I., Aichour M.T.E., Akinyemi R.O., Akseer N., Al-Eyadhy A., Al-Shahi Salman R., Alahdab F., Alene K.A., Aljunid S.M., Altirkawi K., Alvis-Guzman N., Anber N.H., Antonio C.A.T., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Arnlov J., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Atalay H.T., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayuk T.B., Badawi A., Banach M., Banoub J.A.M., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Baune B.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bejot Y., Bekele B.B., Belachew A.B., Bennett D.A., Bensenor I.M., Berhane A., Beuran M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bililign N., Bin Sayeed M.S., Blazes C.K., Brayne C., Butt Z.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Cantu-Brito C., Car M., Cardenas R., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chang J.-C., Chatziralli I., Chiang P.P.-C., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper C., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Criqui M.H., Crowe C.S., Damasceno A.A.M., Daryani A., De la Cruz-Gongora V., De La Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Degefa M.G., Demoz G.T., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Edvardsson D., El-Khatib Z., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Eskandarieh S., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Farhadi F., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Farzaei M.H., Fatima B., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fukumoto T., Ganji M., Gankpe F.G., Garcia-Gordillo M.A., Gebre A.K., Gebremichael T.G., Gelaw B.K., Geleijnse J.M., Geremew D., Gezae K.E., Ghasemi-Kasman M., Gidey M.Y., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Gnedovskaya E.V., Goulart A.C., Grada A., Grosso G., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hagos T.B., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Haro J.M., Hassankhani H., Hassen H.Y., Havmoeller R., Hay S.I., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henok A., Heydarpour F., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Homaie Rad E., Hosseini S.M., Hu G., Igumbor E.U., Ilesanmi O.S., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jakovljevic M., Javanbakht M., Jha R.P., Jobanputra Y.B., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kahsay A., Kalani R., Kalkonde Y., Kamil T.A., Kanchan T., Karami M., Karch A., Karimi N., Kasaeian A., Kassa T.D., Kassa Z.Y., Kaul A., Kefale A.T., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khalil I.A., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khazaie H., Kiadaliri A.A., Kiirithio D.N., Kim A.S., Kim D., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kokubo Y., Koyanagi A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kumar M., Lacey B., Lafranconi A., Lansingh V.C., Latifi A., Leshargie C.T., Li S., Liao Y., Linn S., Lo W.D., Lopez J.C.F., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lucas R.M., 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Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chang, J, Chatziralli, I, Chiang, P, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Criqui, M, Crowe, C, Damasceno, A, Daryani, A, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Demoz, G, Deribe, K, Dharmaratne, S, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Edvardsson, D, El-Khatib, Z, Endres, M, Endries, A, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Farhadi, F, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Fatima, B, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Ganji, M, Gankpe, F, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebre, A, Gebremichael, T, Gelaw, B, Geleijnse, J, Geremew, D, Gezae, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Gidey, M, Gill, P, Gill, T, Girma, E, Gnedovskaya, E, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hagos, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Haro, J, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, 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R, Silberberg, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobhani, S, Soofi, M, Soyiri, I, Sposato, L, Stein, D, Stein, M, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Sykes, B, Sylaja, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Te Ao, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Thakur, J, Thrift, A, Topor-Madry, R, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tran, K, Truelsen, T, Tsadik, A, Tudor Car, L, Ukwaja, K, Ullah, I, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Valdez, P, Vasankari, T, Vasanthan, R, Veisani, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Weiderpass, E, Weiss, J, Whiteford, H, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wiysonge, C, Wolfe, C, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yatsuya, H, Yimer, E, Yip, P, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zaidi, Z, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zare, Z, Zhang, Y, Zodpey, S, Naghavi, M, Murray, C, Vos, T, PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, Neurologian yksikkö, Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, II kirurgian klinikka, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center

Subjects
Dánarmein, Male, Epidemiology, Diseases, Malalties cerebrals, Global Burden of Disease, Disability Evaluation, 0302 clinical medicine, Case fatality rate, Psychology, Konur, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Incidence, Men, Taugavísindi, ddc, 3. Good health, Sálfræði, World health, Muerte, Neurology, GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators, Brain diseases, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Alzheimer disease, Carga global de enfermedades, Nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, Global burden of diseases, Lífsgæði, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Sciences, Humans, Women, education, Trastornos neurológicos, VLAG, Aged, Science & Technology, 3112 Neurosciences, Global Burden of Diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Years of potential life lost, Επιστήμες Υγείας, Dementia, Human medicine, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), Clinical Medicine, 1109 Neurosciences, Neurological disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, dementia, RC, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Dánartíðni, Nutrition and Disease, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Disease Study, Taugasjúkdómar, Risk Factors, Voeding en Ziekte, Cause of Death, Global health, Prevalence, Causes of death, Public health, Mortality rate, Mental Disorders, Age Factors, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, neurologic disease, Death, Lýðheilsa, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Quality of life, Adult, Population, Clinical Neurology, Sex Factors, medicine, Life Science, Disability-adjusted life year, Medicine [Science], Mortality, Psychiatry, Disease burden, Neurology & Neurosurgery, burden of neurological disorders, Faraldsfræði, business.industry, Klinisk medicin, Causes de la mort, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Karlar, global disease burden, Nervous System Diseases, Cause of death/trends, business
Abstract

Publisher´s version (útgefin grein)., Background Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer’s and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies., ROA is funded by the National Institutes of Health (U01HG010273). SMA acknowledges the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia and Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. AAw acknowledges funding support from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, through INSPIRE Faculty scheme. TBA acknowledges partial funding from the Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies. ABa is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. TWB was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor Award, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. MSBS acknowledges support from the Australian Government Research and Training Program scholarship for a PhD degree at the Australian National University, Australia. JJC is supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation. FCar is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. EC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT3 140100085). KD is supported by a Wellcome Trust [Grant Number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. EF is supported by the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728 and POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia and Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia) under the Partnership Agreements PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013 and PT2020UID/QUI/50006/2013. SMSI is funded by the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University and received funding from High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia. YKa is a DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow in Public Health. YJK is supported by the Office of Research and Innovation at Xiamen University Malaysia. BL acknowledges funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. WDL is supported in part by U10NS086484 NINDS. SLo is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1411A). RML is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. AMa and the Imperial College London are grateful for support from the NW London NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care. JJM is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the John Cade Fellowship (APP1056929) from NHMRC. TMei acknowledges additional institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena-Halle-Leipzig. IMV is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (Panama). MOO is supported by SIREN U54 U54HG007479 and SIBS Genomics R01NS107900 grants. AMS was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. MMSM acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (contract no 175087). AShe is supported by Health Data Research UK. MBS' work on traumatic brain injury is supported by grants NIH U01 NS086090 (PI G Manley) from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and DoD W81XWH-14-2-0176 (PI G Manley) from the United States Department of Defense. RTS is supported in part by grant number PROMETEOII/2015/021 from Generalitat Valenciana and the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIIIFEDER. AGT was supported by a Fellowship from the NHMRC (Australia; 1042600. KBT acknowledges funding supports from the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Health Research Council, Gut Cancer Foundation, and the University of Auckland. CY acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81773552) and the Chinese NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (grant number 71661167007)., "Peer Reviewed"

Published
2019

40. Islamic glazed wares from ancient Termez (southern Uzbekistan). Raw materials and techniques

Author

Mainardo Gaudenzi, Agnese Fusaro, Trinitat Pradell, Josep Maria Gurt i Esparraguera, Judit Molera, Verónica Martínez Ferreras, Shakir R. Pidaev, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials

Subjects
Alkaline glazes, Archeology, Vitroceràmica, Segle IX-segle XVII, Ceràmica antiga, Física::Física de l'estat sòlid [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Slip (materials science), Archaeometry, Petrography, Slips, Ceramic, Quartz, Glass-ceramics, Jaciment arqueològic) [Termez (Uzbekistan], Lead glazes, Metallurgy, Glaze, Esmalts, Ceràmica islàmica, Underglaze, Alluvial plain, Arqueometria, Enamels, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ancient ceramics, Termez, Pottery, Islamic pottery, Geology
Abstract

Ancient Termez, located on the southern border of Transoxiana/Mawarannahr, was an important pottery production centre during the Islamic period. Recent archaeological and archaeometric research carried out by the Spanish-Uzbek team evidenced the manufacture of glazed and unglazed vessels at the workshops found in the lower city (shahristan) and its suburbs (rabad). Glazed local products, mainly dated between the 9th and 16th/17th centuries, comprise slip-painted, underglaze and inglaze painted wares, splashed sgraffiato, and monochrome wares. The present study focuses on the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic examination of different types of glazed ceramics recovered at Termez excavations in order to identify the microstructure and composition of the glazes, the technological processes involved in their manufacture, and their evolution over the centuries. Thin polished sections were prepared and slips and glazes were analysed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that all the local/regional ceramics have a slip and a transparent glaze, with one exception. Colour decorations were applied over the slip, forming thinner or thicker layers depending on the desired final colour. Green (copper), red (iron) and brown/black (iron and in some cases iron plus manganese) pigments were used for the decorations. A high lead glaze was used in the ceramics found in the alluvial plain dating between the 9th and the 11th century, while an alkaline glaze is associated with the majority of ceramics collected in the shahristan dating between the 12th and the 17th century. An alumina rich clay mixed with lead oxide was used in the slip from the alluvial plain ceramics while the slip contained large quartz grains in the ceramics found in shahristan. Three imports from the Iraqi regions, a monochrome lustreware bowl and two white opaque glazed dishes dating from the 9th–10th centuries, were also analysed. They have the characteristic tin-opacified mixed lead-alkali glazes and fine calcareous pastes.

Published
2020

41. Islamic glazed wares from ancient Termez (southern Uzbekistan). Raw materials and techniques

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Molera Marimon, Judit, Martínez Ferreras, Verònica, Fusaro, Agnese, Gurt Esparraguera, Josep Maria, Gaudenzi, Mainardo, Pidaev, Shakir R., Pradell Cara, Trinitat, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GCM - Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Molera Marimon, Judit, Martínez Ferreras, Verònica, Fusaro, Agnese, Gurt Esparraguera, Josep Maria, Gaudenzi, Mainardo, Pidaev, Shakir R., and Pradell Cara, Trinitat

Abstract

Ancient Termez, located on the southern border of Transoxiana/Mawarannahr, was an important pottery production centre during the Islamic period. Recent archaeological and archaeometric research carried out by the Spanish-Uzbek team evidenced the manufacture of glazed and unglazed vessels at the workshops found in the lower city (shahristan) and its suburbs (rabad). Glazed local products, mainly dated between the 9th and 16th/17th centuries, comprise slip-painted, underglaze and inglaze painted wares, splashed sgraffiato, and monochrome wares. The present study focuses on the chemical, mineralogical and petrographic examination of different types of glazed ceramics recovered at Termez excavations in order to identify the microstructure and composition of the glazes, the technological processes involved in their manufacture, and their evolution over the centuries. Thin polished sections were prepared and slips and glazes were analysed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that all the local/regional ceramics have a slip and a transparent glaze, with one exception. Colour decorations were applied over the slip, forming thinner or thicker layers depending on the desired final colour. Green (copper), red (iron) and brown/black (iron and in some cases iron plus manganese) pigments were used for the decorations. A high lead glaze was used in the ceramics found in the alluvial plain dating between the 9th and the 11th century, while an alkaline glaze is associated with the majority of ceramics collected in the shahristan dating between the 12th and the 17th century. An alumina rich clay mixed with lead oxide was used in the slip from the alluvial plain ceramics while the slip contained large quartz grains in the ceramics found in shahristan. Three imports from the Iraqi regions, a monochrome lustreware bowl and two white opaque glazed dishes dating from the 9th–10th centuries, were also analysed. They have the characteristic t, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Published
2020

49. INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE-PHASE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A STAGGER PIN-FINS COMPLEX GEOMETRY.

Author

Shakir, R.

Subjects
SINGLE-phase flow, HEAT transfer coefficient, COOLING systems, VORTEX generators, ELECTRONIC equipment, HEAT transfer, LAMINAR flow, TWO-phase flow
Abstract

The cooling equipment project must use electrical and electronic equipment because of the need to remove the heat generated by this equipment. Investigation; R-113 single-phase flow heat transfer; (50 x 50 mm2) cross-section and (5 mm) height; used in a series of stagger-square micro-pin fins. Inlet temperature of (25 °C); (6) Mass flow rate at this temperature, the recommended range is (0. 0025 -0.01 kg/sec) the inlet and outlet pressures are approximately (1-1.10 bar), and through (25- 225 watts) applied heat. The iterative process is used to obtain the heat flow characteristics, for example; the single-phase heat transfer coefficient is completely laminar flow developing, in this flow, guesses the wall temperature, guess the fluid temperature. The possible mechanism of heat transfer has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
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50. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Feigin, V, Nichols, E, Alam, T, Bannick, M, Beghi, E, Blake, N, Culpepper, W, Dorsey, E, Elbaz, A, Ellenbogen, R, Fisher, J, Fitzmaurice, C, Giussani, G, Glennie, L, James, S, Johnson, C, Kassebaum, N, Logroscino, G, Marin, B, Mountjoy-Venning, W, Nguyen, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Patel, A, Piccininni, M, Roth, G, Steiner, T, Stovner, L, Szoeke, C, Theadom, A, Vollset, S, Wallin, M, Wright, C, Zunt, J, Abbasi, N, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Acharya, D, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adeoye, A, Adsuar, J, Afarideh, M, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Alahdab, F, Alene, K, Aljunid, S, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, N, Antonio, C, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asayesh, H, Asghar, R, Atalay, H, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayuk, T, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banoub, J, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Baune, B, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, 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Arman, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Li, Shanshan, Liao, Yu, Linn, Shai, Lo, Warren David, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, März, Winfried, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mate, Kedar K V, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T N, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mengistu, Getnet, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Miller, Ted R, Mini, G. 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Abstract

Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders. Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·

Published
2019

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