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Background: Imaging abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses are regularly noted as incidental findings on MRI, however, little is known about their prevalence in the Iranian population. The purpose of this study was to classify these findings in the paranasal sinuses as seen on MRI and to investigate the prevalence, according to site and type of paranasal abnormality. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the T2-weighted axial MRI of 256 patients with diseases unrelated to their paranasal sinuses were reviewed between May 2002 and June 2003. The findings were categorized according to the anatomic location and the imaging characteristics of the abnormality. The abnormalities recorded included total sinus opacification, mucoperiosteal thickening >5mm, air fluid levels and retention cysts or polyps. Unilateral or bilateral involvement and septal deviation were also noted. A sinus was considered normal if it was fully aerated and no soft-tissue density was apparent within the cavity. Results: Among our cases, 111 (43.5%) were male and 145 (56.5%) were female. Of these patients, abnormalities in one or more of the sinus groups were found in 110 subjects (42.9%), 55.5% of which were male and 44.5% were female (P=0.001). Maxillary sinus abnormalities were observed in 66.4% of the patients, while ethmoid sinus abnormalities were found in 63.6%. Of the ethmoid abnormalities, 21% were found in the anterior section, 9% in the middle ethmoid, and 8% in the posterior ethmoid. The most common abnormality found was mucosal thickening. Among our cases, 23.4% had septal deviation, which was significantly higher among those with sinusitis (29% versus 19.1%; P

Objective(s): Spatial analysis of LBW using a geographic information system and determining the relationship between LBW and factors related to health and economic status, using a poison regression model. Methods: In each village, data were obtained on Total Births and cases of Low Birth Weight. Data were then combined with the information gathered from village maps. Relevant socioeconomic and health statistics were obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran. Results: Smoothed maps of LBW revealed a number of "hot spots". In the Poisson regression model the only statistical significant relationship was noted between LBW and General Fertility Rate. Conclusion: The geographic information system is a way to query specific places and through the use of this technology communities of concern could be identified.

Background: Chronic renal failure defines as progressive and irreversible dysfunction of kidneys that could eventually terminated to end stage renal disease (GFR< 10% NL). Because of therapeutic problem and high mortality and morbidity and it 's implication quality of life , ESRD is one of the important dilemma of pediatric medicine . Materials and Methods: In our study 216 patients evaluated . Results: Male to female ratio was 1.1 . The peak of the presenting age of ESRD was 10 years old (8-12 y). Congenital urological malformation (30%) , glomerulopathies (20%) , hereditary nephropathies (14.3%) , multisystem diseases (7%) and nephrolithiasis (6.2%) are the most common etiologies of ESRD . VUR in 21% and congenital obstructive disease in 8.5% are the etiology of ESRD. In patients with age five years old and lesser common causes of ESRD are congenital urologic malformation and glomerulopathies. In other age groups , urologic malformation is the most common cause of ESRD. In etiologic assessment of two separate 7 years interval , (1988-1993) and (1996-2003) , there was not any significant change in frequency of etiologies but frequency of congenital obstructive uropathy decreased from 10 % to 5.7%. Total amount of VUR (VUR ± Neuropathic bladder) has not any change but frequency of primary reflux nephropathy decreased from 14.2% to 8%. In this study , in 145 patients hemodialysis continued and 28 cases had unsuccessful renal transplant (13.8%) . 7.4 % of patients had successful renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality rate was 7.4% . BConclusion: Based on that the most common cause of ESRD is all ages in congenital urologic malformations , early diagnosis and appropriate management of these cases are effective in decreasing incidence of ESRD and with respect to few cases of renal transplant and unsuccessful results in 65% of RRT , the approach of this problem should be revised.

Background: Many of hospital acquired infections that cause so much morbidity and mortality and have great economical burden are transmitted via contaminated hands of health care workers (HCW).Prevalence of these infections can decrease up to 30% with hygienic measures. In this study we assessed the prevalence of careers and microbial spectrum of HCW,s hand and relation between detergent used for washing and reduction of microbial load of HCW, s hand. Materials and Methods: This study was done in two part: Descriptive part (cross sectional) and analytical part (before –after). Cases were Consist of all staff Working in wards of center of pediatrics hospital (Including attends, residents, interns, nurses and workers). In first part ,we assess hand microbial spectrum and contamination load of 72 staff and in second part, we assessed and compared hand microbial spectrum and load before and after of washing with four detergent : plain soap (60 staff ), liquid soap (60 staff ) , betadin scrub in ward (60 staff ) and betadin scrub in operating room manner (26 staff). Results: %87.5 of personnel had positive cultures-.The most prevalent bacteria were staph. epidermidis (%79.4), staph. oreus (%42.9), klebsiella (%12.7), E-coli (%12.7). The rate of reduction or negative cultures in groups used betadin were greater than the first two group (P-value

Nowadays scientists are looking for decreasing dental faults by presenting new approaches.It is obvious that comprehensive information about the anatomic position of the inferior alveolar neuralcanal is essential to have the most ideal mandible surgery or systemic tooth implant. Accordingly, wepresent a new approach in this article that can be used to have 3D segmentation and recognition of thementioned canal in mandible by CBCT image. This approach includes two main steps. In the first step,we train a full convolutional 3D net (FCN) to reach the ability of section recognition, which can recognizethe relevant area of mandible bone. And in the next step, we define a 3D U-net, which is similar to FCN,to segment the inferior Alveolar neural (IAN) canal from the lower jaw. Evaluated on publicly availabledatasets, our method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 86.61%.

Abstract Background Family caregivers of cancer patients must have strong emotional intelligence skills essential for understanding one's and others' feelings and learning how to cope. Objectives The present study aims to determine the predictive factors of emotional intelligence and its relationship with spiritual intelligence, coping, and knowledge and experience about pain among family caregivers of cancer patients in Iran. Methods A cross‐sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 2020–2021. Two hundred twenty‐six family caregivers of cancer patients participated in this study. The data collection tools were Wong and Law's emotional intelligence, King's spiritual intelligence, Brief Cope, and the family pain questionnaire. Following determining the variables' correlation, linear regression was carried out. Results Emotional intelligence had a significant correlation with age (r = 0.20, p = .003), academic degree (r = 0.15, p = .032), duration of care (r = 0.15, p = .032), and spiritual intelligence (r = 0.30, p

Abstract Background Accurate cardiac volume and function assessment have valuable and significant diagnostic implications for patients suffering from ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This study has focused on finding a reliable assistant to help physicians have more reliable and accurate cardiac measurements using a deep neural network. EchoRCNN is a semi-automated neural network for echocardiography sequence segmentation using a combination of mask region-based convolutional neural network image segmentation structure with reference-guided mask propagation video object segmentation network. Results The proposed method accurately segments the left and right ventricle regions in four-chamber view echocardiography series with a dice similarity coefficient of 94.03% and 94.97%, respectively. Further post-processing procedures on the segmented left and right ventricle regions resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.13% and 2.03% for ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters, respectively. Conclusion This study has achieved excellent performance on the left and right ventricle segmentation, leading to more accurate estimations of vital cardiac parameters such as ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters in the left and right ventricle functionalities, respectively. The results represent that our method can predict an assured, accurate, and reliable cardiac function diagnosis in clinical screenings.

Objectives Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a blood neoplasm with specific geographic distribution. Although radiotherapy is a palliative treatment that provides long-term local control, single use of radiation leads to complications for patients. To introduce a novel multimodal approach against ATLL, we investigated combinatorial effects of 7-geranyloxycoumarin and radiation in vitro. Methods Viability of MT-2 cells was determined by resazurin assay upon administration of 7-geranyloxycoumarin alone and followed by radiation. Then, apoptosis was detected by annexin V and propidium iodide, and the expression of candidate genes was analyzed by qPCR. Results Findings revealed significant (P

The effects of sputtering power on the deposition rate as well as the microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films are investigated in this paper. ITO thin films were deposited on glass substrates using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of different DC powers, ranging from 60 to 140 W, onto externally unheated glass substrates. All samples were grown at the minimum sustainable plasma pressure to reduce the destructive role of pressure. The microstructural, electrical, and optical properties of the sputtered ITO films were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), four-probe electrical conductivity, and optical spectroscopy. XRD studies confirmed the cubic bixbyite ITO structure, and the main preferred orientations of the prepared thin films were (222), (400), (440), and (622). AFM analysis showed a minimum surface roughness of 1.37 nm for the films deposited at 140 W, while the average size of the grains was 65 ± 5 nm. The deposition time was fixed at 10 min for all samples, and the AFM characterization of the films showed 170, 230, and 250 nm thickness for the samples deposited at 60, 100 and 140 W, respectively. From the variations of the sheet resistance and the XRD patterns of the ITO thin films, it was concluded that, as the ratio I222/ I400 of a sample approaches unity, the sheet resistance of the layer reduces. A minimum sheet resistance 16 Ω/square, transmittance 85% with the thickness of 230 nm, and optical bandgap 4.09 eV were found for the thin film grown on the externally unheated substrates at 100 W DC power and 32 mTorr working pressure. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inherited and acquired renal tubular disorders including cystic Kidney disease, cystinosis, Bartter's syndrome, Liddle syndrome, Gordon syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and drug- induced tubular injury are the frequent causes of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in children manifesting with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is a report of the etiology and incidence of tubulopathies in a cohort of Iranian children across the country. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from March 2013 to October 2013. A list of tubulopathy disorders was emailed to 70 members of the Iranian Society of Pediatric Nephrology in different provinces of Iran practicing in both university affiliated and non- affiliated hospitals. They were requested to report the number of patients with specific International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes admitted to their hospitals between 2006 and 2013. Data are presented as numbers and percentages. Results: Of 31 participating centers, 23 completed and returned the spreadsheets. Of the 2940 reported cases, the three most frequent tubulopathies were renal tubular acidosis (RTA) (33%), calcium disorders (27%), and cystic diseases (17%). Considering Tehran and Shiraz as referral centers, RTA and cystinosis were mostly reported from Kerman and Urmia, respectively. Furthermore, idiopathic hypercalciuria, cystinuria, and hyperoxaluria were the most common causes of hereditary kidney stone in 281 children reported from Bandarabas, Tabriz, and Shiraz, respectively Conclusions: Our findings regarding the high incidence and different etiologies of inherited tubulopathies may provide a basis for designing targeted therapeutic interventions in the future and strategies for gene therapy of these complex disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC magnetron sputtering technique has been used to deposit highly transparent and conducting films of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) onto externally unheated glass substrate, with and without annealing. The ITO thin films were obtained by varying the working pressure and the DC power as critical process parameters. The effects of variation of the deposition parameters on the deposition rate, microstructural, electrical, and optical properties have been investigated in this paper to study electro-optical characteristics of ITO films. The microstructural, electrical and optical properties of the sputtered ITO films were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, four probe electrical conductivity and optical spectroscopy. A minimum sheet resistance $$16 \,\varOmega$$ /square and transmittance 85 % with a Haacke's figure of merit $$12 \times {10^{ - 3}} \,{\varOmega ^{ - 1}}$$ , thickness of 230 nm and optical band gap 4.09 eV are obtained for the thin films grown on externally unheated substrate at 100 W DC power and 32 mTorr working pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]