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This research investigated the attenuation properties of gamma ray for some materials, lead (Pb) and tin (Sn), in the energy region from 0.1 - 3 MeV using X-COM code. As a result of increasing photon energy, both MAC and LAC of a selected material decreased. Lead (Pb) offers more effective shielding of gamma rays than tin (Sn) since it has the highest μ and μm values coupled with the lowest HVL and TVL.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a notable increase in global incidence in recent years. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes are at an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality compared with the general population. For several years, the potential of phytochemicals as anti-inflammatory agents to improve the healing of diabetic wounds has been under investigation. Rutin, a flavonoid, is a particularly promising candidate for use in wound healing. Our study aims to investigate the potential impact of a topical application of rutin nanoformulation on wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats controlled with metformin, with a focus on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Rats are randomized into 3 groups. GI: diabetic control group; wound untreated. GII: diabetes and rutin-NP-treated wound. GIII: diabetic + β-sitosterol-treated wound. The findings suggest that topical application of rutin-NPs has the potential to enhance the wound-healing process by attenuating oxidative stress, as evidenced by restoring GSH, CAT, and SOD antioxidants, and decreasing MDA production mediated by Nrf2 activation. Also, inflammation is suppressed, as indicated by the decreased CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Molecular docking data confirm the biological data of rutin, where rutin is docked into the catalytic site of the X-ray crystallographic structures of CRP, Keap-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via grid-based ligand docking. The binding affinity and binding energy of ligand-protein interactions demonstrate the affinity and binding to the specifically selected proteins., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic compound that causes severe reproductive impairments and represents a high environmental risk factor. Thymoquinone (TQ) has a unique antioxidant activity and has been widely used as a protective agent against various types of toxicity., Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of TQ against AA-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats., Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 female albino rats (120-150 gr, 8-10 wk) were sorted into 4 groups, (n = 10/each), vehicle group (received a daily oral administration of 0.5 ml saline [9%]); AA group (received a daily oral administration with freshly prepared AA, 20 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days which is less than the lethal dose LD 50 of AA in rats (20 mg/kg body weight); AA+TQ group (received a daily oral administration of TQ, 10 mg/kg body weight) after AA intoxication for 21 days, and TQ group (received a daily oral administration of TQ only, 10 mg/kg body weight) for 21 consecutive days. Reproductive hormones, carcinogenic biomarkers, and oxidative stress markers were measured. The histological assessment showed the protective effect of TQ against AA-induced ovarian injury. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking approach were carried out to determine the binding affinity of TQ with cyclooxygenase 2., Results: TQ administration significantly enhanced the functional capacity of the ovary at hormones, oxidative biomarkers, and tumor markers at a significant level of p < 0.001. Besides, TQ protects the ovary of AA-treated rats from the severe degeneration effect., Conclusion: TQ showed a promising protective effect against AA-induced reproductive toxicity in female rats., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 AL-ghamdi et al.)