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Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, human civilization and the corporate world confront unfathomable risks to their continued existence on the planet. People all over the world are losing employment or seeing their incomes diminish due to the COVID-19 virus influence. As a result, its influence has a direct effect on the purchasing ability of consumers. When a customer’s purchasing capability is diminished, his desire for items decreases. Again, retailers or suppliers of deteriorative goods face a risk in this uncertain environment, since deteriorative products have a limited shelf life. They should have an appropriate business strategy in this circumstance to maintain their commercial profession. Taking all of these factors into account, an inventory model is created that incorporates the COVID-19 influence on consumers’ demand for perishable commodities with preservation capability. Customers are granted a partial trade credit term to enable them to sell the items on time. The proposed model is very intricate and not amenable to an analytical solution. Two numerical cases are explored and solved to demonstrate the proposed model’s practical usefulness. The eigenvalues of that numerical example are determined to demonstrate that the Hessian matrix is positive definite, i.e., to determine the average cost function’s convexity. Finally, we do a post-optimality study to find out how different inventory characteristics affect the best policies.

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Copyright of Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research is the property of Arabian Gulf University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF potential, two different types of PFPE lubricants (Ztetraol and ZTMD) are prepared on a-C film, and SiO2 particles are adsorbed onto the lubricants at room temperature. From the simulation results, it is observed that the adsorbed SiO2 particles increase the stiffness of PFPE lubricants leading to less airshear displacement. Since Ztetraol has higher mobility with lower viscosity than ZTMD, the adsorbed SiO2 particles penetrate deeper into the Ztetraol lubricants. Accordingly, the effect of SiO2 on the airshear displacement is more obvious to Ztetraol than ZTMD. In addition, the adsorbed SiO2 particles increase the friction force and the amount of lubricant pick-up during the sliding contact with a nanosized a-C tip.

Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) are among the challenging problems in the field of endocrinology. When presenting late in an adult the therapeutic as well as diagnostic issues may be different and difficult. Bilateral anorchia is rare. The desire of future parenting is a real challenge when such patients ask for their own biological generations. This case depicts the late presentation of DSD in an anorchid adult and the management issues.

Another major force not letting us succeed in the treatment of diabetes remains right inside the patients home, their family members. Hence, it is important to know the perception of the close family members about this simple and strong tool in diabetes, ′insulin′. The drug is nearing its century, it has not fully being accepted gracefully even in todays electronic savvy society. So, we need to strongly discover the reason for its non-acceptance, while trials are out inventing new drugs. One vital thing that can change this attitude is increasing the understanding of this drug, insulin in depth to close people around the patient, the ′family′. Underestimating family′s perception about disease and treatment for diabetes is detrimental to both diseased and the doctor. This consists of a biopsychosocial model; biological, psychological and social factors. Family forms the most important part of it. The strategies in family therapy include psychodynamic, structural, strategic, and cognitive-behavioral component. Diabetes has and will continue to rise, so will be the treatment options. From the clinicians side its to fix fasting first but from patients its fix family first. Family therapy demonstrates the importance of insulin initiation and maintenance in insulin naive patients, and continuation for others. The specific needs of such patients and their impact on family life are met with family therapy. Who needs family therapy? Benefits of family therapy and a case based approach is covered.

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular exercise approach due to its potential to elicit significant physiological adaptations. However, limited research has compared the effects of different HIIT modalities on fitness parameters in middle-aged males. This study aimed to determine the effect of different HIIT on V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage among middle-aged males., Methods: Thirty sedentary males aged 40-50 years were randomly assigned to HIIT-Weight Training Circuit (WTC), HIIT-Shuttle Run (SR), or HIIT-Bodyweight Exercise (BWE) groups. Training consisted of 20 sessions over 5 weeks of 4×4 minutes at 90-95% HRmax with 3 minutes recovery at 70% HRmax between intervals. Outcome measures including V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage were assessed pre- and postintervention., Results: The result for the Two-Way Mixed ANOVA indicated there was no significant interaction effect between the three training groups. There was no significant main effect for the three training groups, whereas there was a significant effect for the repeated measure time existed. A significant improvement in V̇O2max, strength, flexibility has been shown between post-test and pre-test for the HIIT-SR, HIIT-WTC, and HIIT-BWE group. Whereas A significant decrease has been shown between post and pretest for all the groups in body fat percentage., Conclusions: This research findings suggested that different forms of HIIT can elicit differential adaptation in middle-aged males. Incorporating different form of HIIT as HITT-SR, HITT-WTC, and HITT-BWE into exercise program may be an effective way to systematically improve V̇O2max, strength, flexibility, and body composition in middle-age male population. These findings provide guidance on HIIT prescription according to fitness goals.

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV- HCC) constitutes a formidable global health challenge, demanding an in-depth understanding of its intricate pathogenesis. The research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted relationship between HBV-HCC. It further examined the potential of Taraxacum officinale, which could serve as an effective adjunct therapy in treating HBV- associated HCC. Our approach integrates network pharmacology, pathway analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations, offering an intricate unraveling of the molecular mechanisms that underlie T. officinale's potential impact on HBV-HCC., Method: Additionally, we delve into microarray analysis to unearth differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with HBV-HCC, molecular docking to validate compound interactions with key proteins, and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the stability of these interactions. These multifaceted approaches enhance our understanding of T. officinale's therapeutic potential., Results: This work represents a significant advancement toward the development of more effective strategies for the management of this challenging disease, offering a comprehensive exploration of T. officinale's therapeutic prowess. Within this multidimensional framework, we identify CDK1, SERPINE1, and PTGS2 as promising therapeutic targets, shedding light on the molecular intricacies of disease progression. Further, Homoorientin from T. officinale's demonstrates a strong binding affinity with proteins CDK1, SERPINE1, and PTGS2, suggesting a potential synergistic effect in therapeutic applications. Moreover, our enrichment analysis uncovers a rich tapestry of pathways enriched in HBV-HCC, providing insights into the multifaceted landscape of disease complexity., Conclusion: These findings not only pave the way for potential targeted therapies but also deepen our comprehension of the intricate molecular underpinnings of HBV-HCC. This work represents a significant advancement toward the development of more effective strategies for the management of this challenging disease, offering a multifaceted exploration of T. officinale's therapeutic potential., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi-symptom disorder that manifests with fatigue, sleep disturbances, mood-cognition pathologies, and musculoskeletal symptoms. GWI affects at least 25% of the military personnel that served in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm from 1990 to 1991. We modeled Gulf War toxicant exposure in C57BL/6J mice by combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (an anti-sarin drug), chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate insecticide), and DEET (an insect repellent) for 10 days followed by oral treatment with Withania somnifera root extract for 21 days beginning at 12 weeks post-exposure. W. somnifera , commonly referred to as ashwagandha, has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to improve memory and reduce inflammation, and its roots contain bioactive molecules which share functional groups with modern pain, cancer, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Previously, we observed that GWI mice displayed chronic reductions in dendritic arbor and loss of spines in granule cells of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus at 14 weeks post-exposure. Here, we examined the effects of treatment with W. somnifera root extract on chronic dendrite and spine morphology in dentate granule cells of the mouse hippocampus following Gulf War toxicant exposure. GWI mice showed approximately 25% decreases in dendritic length ( p < 0.0001) and overall dendritic spine density with significant reductions in thin and mushroom spines. GWI mice treated with the Ayurvedic W. somnifera extract exhibited dendritic lengths and spine densities near normal levels. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the Ayurvedic treatment for neuroprotection following these toxic exposures. We hope that the extract and the neuronal processes influenced will open new avenues of research regarding treatment of Gulf War Illness and neurodegenerative disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shaikh, Murray, Ravindranath and Citron.)

Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease or those at high risk for developing the condition are often offered exercise as a form of therapy. Patients with cancer who are at an increased risk for cardiovascular issues are increasingly encouraged to participate in exercise-based, interdisciplinary programs due to the positive correlation between these interventions and clinical outcomes following myocardial infarction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a cardiac disorder that arises due to disruptions in the homeostasis of individuals with diabetes. One of the primary reasons for mortality in individuals with diabetes is the presence of cardiac structural damage and functional abnormalities, which are the primary pathological features of DC. The aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and encompasses a range of processes, including metabolic abnormalities, impaired mitochondrial function, dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis, excessive cardiomyocyte death, and fibrosis. In recent years, many empirical investigations have demonstrated that exercise training substantially impacts the prevention and management of diabetes. Exercise has been found to positively impact the recovery of diabetes and improve several metabolic problem characteristics associated with DC. One potential benefit of exercise is its ability to increase systolic activity, which can enhance cardiometabolic and facilitate the repair of structural damage to the heart caused by DC, leading to a direct improvement in cardiac health. In contrast, exercise has the potential to indirectly mitigate the pathological progression of DC through its ability to decrease circulating levels of sugar and fat while concurrently enhancing insulin sensitivity. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism via exercise facilitates the restoration of DC disease must be understood. Our goal in this review was to provide helpful information and clues for developing new therapeutic techniques for motion alleviation DC by examining the molecular mechanisms involved., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Advances in radiological techniques have led to an increase in the number of diagnoses of pancreatic pseudocyst, which is the most common pancreatic cyst lesion disease, accounting for two-thirds of all pancreatic cyst lesions. Historically, the management of pancreatic pseudocyst has been achieved through the use of conservative treatments and surgery; however, due to the complications and recurrence rate associated with these techniques, the management of pancreatic pseudocyst is challenging. Surgeons and gastroenterologists have attempted to determine the optimal management technique to treat pancreatic pseudocyst to reduce complications and the recurrence rate. From these investigations, percutaneous catheter, surgical and endoscopic drainage with ultrasonography guidance have become promising management techniques. The present review aimed to summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used for the management of pancreatic pseudocyst and to compare percutaneous catheter, surgical and endoscopic drainage., (Copyright: © Tan et al.)

Background: The abdominal wall is frequently manipulated in a variety of reconstructive procedures, and its anatomy is well described. The authors' clinical observations, however, contradict the standard depiction of the components of the abdominal wall at various levels-particularly regarding the course of the transversus abdominis muscle. Therefore, the authors sought to characterize the components of the rectus sheath at various surgical landmarks to define anatomic points important to abdominal wall repair., Methods: The authors analyzed the abdominal computed tomographic studies of 100 healthy, young (age, 18 to 35 years; body mass index, 20 to 40 kg/m) patients with suspected renal calculi. Coordinates of key landmarks were recorded at vertebral levels T12 to L5 using a specially designed computer program that scaled all values and calculated distances between various points., Results: All subjects had significant presence of the transversus abdominis within the rectus sheath (the overlap between the abdominis rectus and transversus abdominis muscles) at the costal margin plane (T12-L1, 4.2 cm). Ninety-nine percent had transversus abdominis presence within the rectus sheath at L1-L2 (3.2 cm), 86 percent at the level of the twelfth rib (L2-L3, 1.4 cm), 36 percent at the umbilicus (L3-L4), and 2 percent slightly above the posterosuperior iliac spine (L5-S1)., Conclusions: These findings contradict classic teachings of abdominal wall structure and highlight the need for a cautious revisiting of the various permutations of component separation, particularly posterior component release. Furthermore, these anatomical landmarks may help predict the development or recurrence of ventral hernias, thus guiding patient selection and informing surgical technique.

Marine actinobacteria have been considered as a gold mine with respect to great potential regarding their secondary metabolites. Most of the researches have been conducted on actinobacteria's derived secondary metabolites to examine its pharmacological properties. Actinobacteria have a potential to provide future drugs against crucial diseases, such as drug-resistance bacteria, cancer, a range of viral illnesses, malaria, several infections and inflammations. Although, the mode of action of many bio molecules are still untapped, for a tangible number of compounds by which they interfere with human pathogenesis are reported here with detailed diagrammed illustrations. This knowledge is one of the basic vehicles to be known especially for transforming bio medicinal molecules to medicines. Actinobacteria produce a different kind of biochemical substances with numerous carbon skeletons, which have been found to be the main component interfering with human pathogenesis at different sites. Different diseases have the capability to fight at different sites inside the body can lead to a new wave of increasing the chances to produce targeted medicines., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Ethyl succinic anhydride and its d 5 -labeled version have been synthesized and applied to quantitative analysis of peptides in combination with MALDI or ESI mass spectrometry. These modifiers react with amino groups in the N-termini and lysine side chains in proteins, and therefore the combination of these modifiers was shown to be a useful tool for quantification of peptides and hence for proteomics research., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Unnatural cyclic amino acids (UNAAs) are a new class of boron delivery agents that are in a pre-clinical stage of evaluation. In the present study, the biodistribution of racemic forms of the cis- and trans-isomers of the boronated UNAA 1-amino-3-boronocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ABCPC) and 1-amino-3-boronocycloheptanecarboxylic acid (ABCHC) were evaluted in B16 melanoma bearing mice and this was compared to l-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). Boron concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) at 2.5h following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the test agents at a concentration equivalent to 24mg/B/kg. While all compounds attained comparable tumor boron concentrations, the tumor/blood (T/Bl) boron concentration ratios were far superior for both cis-ABCPC and cis-ABCHC compared to BPA (T/Bl=16.4, and 15.1 vs. 5.4). Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) imaging revealed that the cis-ABCPC delivered boron to the nuclei, as well as the cytoplasm of B16 cells. Next, a biodistribution study of cis-ABCPC and BPA was carried out in F98 glioma bearing rats following i.p. administration. Both compounds attained comparable tumor boron concentrations but the tumor/brain (T/Br) boron ratio was superior for cis-ABCPC compared to BPA (6 vs. 3.3). Since UNAAs are water soluble and cannot be metabolized by tumor cells, they could be potentially more effective boron delivery agents than BPA. Our data suggest that further studies are warranted to evaluate these compounds prior to the initiation of clinical studies., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of l-DOPA pre-loading on the uptake of BPA using the F98 rat glioma and the murine B16 melanoma models. In vitro pretreatments of F98 glioma and B16 melanoma cells with l-DOPA, followed by exposure to BPA increased boron uptake, as determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Based on this, in vivo studies were initiated in F98 glioma bearing rats. Initially, the l-DOPA dosing paradigm was evaluated. Maximum tumor boron uptake was observed following i.p. administration of l-DOPA (50mg/kg) followed 24h later by BPA (31.8±8.9 vs. 17.2±6.3µg/g for BPA alone). Next, the effect of l-DOPA pre-loading as a function of the route of administration of BPA was evaluated in F98 glioma bearing rats. The greatest increase in uptake was seen following i.v. administration of BPA, while in contrast no significant increase was seen following intracarotid (i.c.) administration (38.6±12.4 vs. 34.2±10.9). Cellular localization of the F98 glioma, as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) boron imaging revealed equivalent tumor boron concentrations following l-DOPA pre-loading. In vivo studies in B16 melanoma bearing mice showed equivalent tumor boron values in treated and untreated mice, suggesting that the effects of l-DOPA pre-loading may depend both on the histologic type of tumor and its anatomic site., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The development of new boron-delivery agents is a high priority for improving the effectiveness of boron neutron capture therapy. In the present study, 1-amino-3-borono-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-ABCPC) as a mixture of its L- and D-enantiomers was evaluated in vivo using the B16 melanoma model for the human tumor and the F98 rat glioma as a model for human gliomas. A secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) based imaging instrument, CAMECA IMS 3F SIMS Ion Microscope, was used for quantitative imaging of boron at 500 nm spatial resolution. Both in vivo and in vitro studies in melanoma models demonstrated that boron was localized in the cytoplasm and nuclei with some cell-to-cell variability. Uptake of cis-ABCPC in B16 cells was time dependent with a 7.5:1 partitioning ratio of boron between cell nuclei and the nutrient medium after 4 hrs. incubation. Furthermore, cis-ABCPC delivered boron to cells in all phases of the cell cycle, including S-phase. In vivo SIMS studies using the F98 rat glioma model revealed an 8:1 boron partitioning ratio between the main tumor mass and normal brain tissue with a 5:1 ratio between infiltrating tumor cells and contiguous normal brain. Since cis-ABCPC is water soluble and can cross the blood-brain-barrier via the L-type amino acid transporters (LAT), it may accumulate preferentially in infiltrating tumor cells in normal brain due to up-regulation of LAT in high grade gliomas. Once trapped inside the tumor cell, cis-ABCPC cannot be metabolized and remains either in a free pool or bound to cell matrix components. The significant improvement in boron uptake by both the main tumor mass and infiltrating tumor cells compared to those reported in animal and clinical studies of p-boronophenylalanine strongly suggest that cis-ABCPC has the potential to become a novel new boron delivery agent for neutron capture therapy of gliomas and melanomas.