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8. Impact of central bank decisions and communications on sentiment, uncertainty, risk aversion and investment behaviour

Author

Shaikh, Raja Shahzad

Abstract

Central bank's policy decisions and communication influence financial markets through managing investor expectations related to the current and future economic scenario and achieve desired macroeconomic goals. This thesis empirically evaluates the role of signals given in the central bank's actions and communication in driving investor sentiment, formulating the expected risk premium and shifting the investment behaviour in financial markets. This thesis comprises of three empirical chapters focusing on the response of market participants to the central bank quantitative and qualitative announcements. Chapter 2 investigates the impact of the United States (US) and domestic monetary policy announcements on consumer and managers' confidence in the United Kingdom (UK) and 10 countries within the euro area during conventional and unconventional policy times. More specifically, using the confidence indicators of the European Commission, the study examines the response of consumers and managers to monetary policy surprises around the global financial crisis. The findings confirm that during the conventional policy period, the domestic expansionary shock has a significant positive impact on the consumer and manager confidence in the UK and across the ten countries in the euro area. Furthermore, the US conventional monetary policy has more impact on managers' sentiment compared to domestic policy. However, after the introduction of unconventional policy programme, the monetary announcements turn to be less effective in boosting the confidence of households and businesses. Chapter 3 analyses the influence of the Federal Reserve's (Fed's) communications on investors' risk perception and appetite in the global equity markets. The results suggest that the Fed's optimism (pessimism) decreases (increases) the market-wide uncertainty and investors' risk aversion not only in the US but also in the UK and the euro area. In addition, investors respond to the signals inbound in the communications more significantly during recessionary and uncertain times. Moreover, after estimating unique topics and their relative tone from the Fed's commutations, this chapter finds that investors pay attention particularly to the discussion related to the financial market, credit conditions, employment, and economic growth in forming their response. Finally, investors react heterogeneously to the discussion about prospering economic outlook and future contractionary policy. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of the Fed's communications on the returns and traders' positions in the commodity markets. Using computational linguistic analysis, this study extracts the policymakers' indication of the future path of the policy rate. This study documents that the degree of hawkishness in the Fed's communications decreases the one month ahead returns on metal, energy and overall commodity indexes. In addition, the Fed's hawkish tone increases (decreases) the commodity traders' speculating (hedging) positions. This implies that the central bank tone contains information about the economic conditions and provides signals about the future path of the policy which drive the traders' positions and affect the commodity returns. Furthermore, a topic modelling analysis of the central bank communications reveals that a hawkish discussion about consumption, financial market, and inflation plays a particularly important role in influencing the commodity returns and traders' positions.

Published
2021

14. Image-Guided Transrectal Drainage of Pelvic Abscesses in Children.

Author

Santiago, Jose, Surnedi, Murali, Padua, Horacio M., Shaikh, Raja, Chewning, Rush, Alomari, Ahmad I., and Chaudry, Gulraiz

Subjects
CHILD patients, IMPLANTABLE catheters, INTERVENTIONAL radiology, APPENDICITIS, ABSCESSES, APPENDECTOMY
Abstract

Objective To describe our technique and share our experience with image-guided transrectal drainage (TRD) of pelvic abscesses in children. Materials and Methods Retrospective review and analysis of indications for image-guided TRD and examination of procedural outcomes in pediatric patients with pelvic abscesses over 8 years. Results A total of 69 patients (33 males and 36 females) with symptomatic pelvic abscesses underwent image-guided TRD. The median age and weight of the patients were 11.5 years (range, 3–18) and 46.8 kg (range, 15.1–118.0), respectively. The etiologies of the pelvic abscesses were perforated appendicitis (72.5%) and post-operative collections (27.5%). All patients presented with abdominal pain. Fever, emesis, and diarrhea were also common symptoms. The size of the pelvic abscesses ranged from 24.0 to 937.1 mL (median, 132.7). Technical success was achieved in 68 of 69 TRD procedures (98.6%). Clinical improvement was observed in all patients with technically successful TRD. The TRD catheter dwell time ranged from 0 to 10 days (median, 4.0). Most patients who underwent TRD for perforated appendicitis subsequently underwent elective appendectomy after the resolution of the pelvic abscess (84.0%). The median time from TRD to elective appendectomy was 2.8 months (range, 0.3–6.1). There were no procedure-related complications. Conclusion Image-guided TRD is a safe and effective procedure with high technical and clinical success rates for the treatment of pelvic abscesses in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Lymphatics

Author

Kim, Kyung Rae, Lee, Edward Y., Shaikh, Raja, Lee, Edward Y., editor, Liszewski, Mark C., editor, Gee, Michael S., editor, Daltro, Pedro, editor, and Restrepo, Ricardo, editor

Published
2020
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34. Lymphatic Malformations

Author

Watters, Karen, Shaikh, Raja, Padua, Horacio M., Jr, Rahbar, Reza, Rahbar, Reza, editor, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, editor, Meara, John G., editor, Smith, Edward R., editor, and Perez-Atayde, Antonio R., editor

Published
2014
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35. Interventional Radiology

Author

Shaikh, Raja, Orbach, Darren B., Padua Jr., Horatio M., Rahbar, Reza, editor, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, editor, Meara, John G., editor, Smith, Edward R., editor, and Perez-Atayde, Antonio R., editor

Published
2014
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36. Additional file 1 of Magnetic resonance three-dimensional steady-state free precession imaging of the thoracic duct in patients with Fontan circulation and its relationship to outcomes

Author

Castellanos, Daniel A., Ahmad, Sidra, St. Clair, Nicole, Sleeper, Lynn A., Lu, Minmin, Schidlow, David N., Rathod, Rahul H., Yin, Suellen M., Esch, Jesse J., Annese, David, Powell, Andrew J., Quiñonez, Luis, Shaikh, Raja, and Ghelani, Sunil J.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Table S1. Characteristics of patients with Fontan circulation meeting inclusion criteria. Table S2. Demographics of patients with Fontan circulation by image visualization.

Published
2023
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39. Imaging of pediatric liver tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper

Author

Schooler, Gary R., primary, Infante, Juan C., additional, Acord, Michael, additional, Alazraki, Adina, additional, Chavhan, Govind B., additional, Davis, James Christopher, additional, Khanna, Geetika, additional, Morani, Ajaykumar C., additional, Morin, Cara E., additional, Nguyen, HaiThuy N., additional, Rees, Mitchell A., additional, Shaikh, Raja, additional, Srinivasan, Abhay, additional, Squires, Judy H., additional, Tang, Elizabeth, additional, Thacker, Paul G., additional, and Towbin, Alexander J., additional

Published
2022
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40. Imaging of pediatric extremity soft tissue tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper

Author

Acord, Michael Richard, primary, Pace, Erika, additional, El‐Ali, Alexander, additional, Chaturvedi, Apeksha, additional, Iyer, Ramesh S, additional, Navarro, Oscar M, additional, Pandit‐Taskar, Neeta, additional, K Parikh, Ashishkumar, additional, Schechter, Ann, additional, Shaikh, Raja, additional, and McCarville, M Beth, additional

Published
2022
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41. Cerebrospinal fluid leak in epidural venous malformations and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome

Author

Alomari, Mohammed H., primary, Shahin, Mohamed M., additional, Fishman, Steven J., additional, Kerr, Cindy L., additional, Smith, Edward R., additional, Eng, Whitney, additional, Ruiz-Gutierrez, Melisa, additional, Adams, Denise M., additional, Orbach, Darren B., additional, Chaudry, Gulraiz, additional, Shaikh, Raja, additional, Chewning, Rush, additional, and Alomari, Ahmad I., additional

Published
2022
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43. A single‐institution pediatric and young adult interventional oncology collaborative: Novel therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory solid tumors.

Author

Shaikh, Raja, Weil, Brent R., Weldon, Christopher B., Chen, Nan, London, Wendy B., Krush, Morgan, Anderson, Megan, Gebhardt, Mark, Church, Alanna J., DuBois, Steven G., Pikman, Yana, Spidle, Jennifer, Wall, Catherine B., Feraco, Angela, Ullrich, Nicole J., Mack, Jennifer W., Mullen, Elizabeth, Kamihara, Junne, Forrest, Suzanne, and Shusterman, Suzanne

Subjects
*YOUNG adults, *CHILD patients, *BENIGN tumors, *PEDIATRIC oncology, *CATHETER ablation
Abstract

Background: Pediatric interventional oncology (PIO) is a growing field intended to provide additional or alternative treatment options for pediatric patients with benign or malignant tumors. Large series of patients treated uniformly and subjected to rigorous endpoints for efficacy are not available. Methods: We designed a collaborative initiative to capture data from pediatric patients with benign and malignant tumors who underwent a therapeutic interventional radiology procedure. Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was utilized as a measure of radiologic response and data were collected regarding improvement in pain and functional endpoints. Cumulative incidence of progressive disease was calculated using both the treated site and the patient as the analytic unit. Findings: Forty patients, 16 with malignant tumors and 24 with benign tumors, underwent a total of 88 procedures. Cryo‐ and radiofrequency ablation were the most frequently utilized techniques for both cohorts of patients. A complete or partial response, or prolonged disease stability, were achieved in approximately 40% of patients with malignant tumors and 60% of patients with benign tumors. No patients had progressive disease as their best response. Resolution of pain and improved mobility with return‐to‐baseline activity were demonstrated across patients from both cohorts. Only minor complications were experienced. Interpretation: Interventional radiology‐guided interventions can serve as an alternative or complementary approach to the treatment of benign and malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Prospective, multi‐institutional trials are required to adequately study utility, treatment endpoints, and durability of response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Monogenic Cases of Infantile IBD with Discrete Pathological Pathways: a Case Series.

Author

Mirza, Nida and Shaikh, Raja Gulfam

Subjects
*INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases, *PRIMARY immunodeficiency diseases, *GENETIC mutation, *AGE groups, *MEDICAL protocols, *AUTOIMMUNE diseases
Abstract

Objective -- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial auto-immune disease caused by dysregulated immune responses, resulting in chronic intestinal inflammation. IBD in which disease onset is before 2 years of age is known as Infantile IBD. As the disease is rare in this age group, it is often misdiagnosed as infective or allergic colitis. Cases -- We present here a case series of three patients with infantile IBD with completely different etiologies, that is, a mutation in the distinct pathways, i.e. the hematological lineage pathway (IL10 RA), autoimmunity (NLRC4), and immunodeficiency (IKBKG). All the cases had chronic diarrhea, however each case was difficult to diagnose conclusively and had a different response to the standard treatment protocol for IBD. Conclusion -- Our case series shows that genetic mutations and/or primary immunodeficiency play an important etiological role in this subgroup of IBD (infantile onset). It also highlights that patients with infantile IBD are difficult to diagnose, treat, and usually do not respond to conventional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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