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The study was carried out for a period of 150 days on 120 Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cows between mid to late lactation to quantify the influence of body condition score (BCS) on yield and composition of milk. Total 12 dairy farms having same housing systems and holding at least 20 crossbred dairy cows per farm between mid to late lactation were selected for this study purposes. BCS of individual cows was recorded in a 1-5 scale. Milk samples were collected from individual cow. Samples collected from cows having same BCS were mixed together to make composite sample. Chemical analyses of the samples were carried out in triplicate for fat, protein, lactose, ash, total solids (TS) and solids not fat (SNF). Results indicated that, BCS significantly (P<0.05) affected milk yield, milk fat and ash content in crossbred Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Highest milk yield (13.45±1.80 kg/day) was recorded with moderate BCS (3.00) followed by lower (2.75 to 2.25) and higher (3.25 to 4.00). Milk protein, lactose, TS, SNF and specific gravity (SG) increased non significantly (P>0.05) with increasing BCS up to 4.0. Correlation coefficient matrix indicated that BCS was negatively correlated with milk yield. However, there was a positive relationship of BCS with milk protein, lactose, TS, SNF and SG even though the strength of association was variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred and forty Hubbard Classic broiler chicks were used in a 35 day trial at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University farm, Bangladesh to study the effects of supplemental choline chloride on performance parameters, carcass characteristics and their association in commercial broiler. All birds had free access to ad libitum feeding. Birds were fed four types of diet i.e. diet without choline chloride (T0), diet containing 0.1 g / 100 g choline chloride (T1), 0.2 g / 100 g choline chloride (T2) and 0.3 g / 100 g choline chloride (T3). Results indicated that weight gain differed (P<0.05) at 5th week irrespective of the level of supplemental choline. Similar to weight gain, feed intake also differed (P<0.05) at 5th week. However, feed conversion ratio differed from the 3rd to the 5th weeks. Weight gain and feed intake were positively correlated and feed conversion ratio was negatively correlated with carcass parameters. It could therefore be inferred that increasing levels of supplemental choline may progressively improve weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in commercial broiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bats of the genus Pteropus (P.) under the class Mammalia are important ecologically as pollinators, but little is known about their basic physiology. For this, serum biochemical values of healthy wild captured frugivorus bats (P. giganteus) were determined for providing baseline information and health care assessments in zoological setting. Ninety clinically healthy large frugivorous bats were captured from the wild and anesthetized for 2 hours following capture for blood collection from brachial vein. Serum glucose, total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), urea, uric acid, calcium and phosphorus were determined using biochemical analyzer. No major differences were observed in the serum biochemical values between male and female bats, juvenile and adults or fair and good health-state bats except significant variation in the AST (p < 0.05), ALP (p < 0.05) and CPK (p < 0.05) between adult and juvenile bats, calcium (p< 0.01) and phosphorus (p < 0.01) between the good and fair health-state bats. The values from this study can be used to create reference intervals of serum biochemistry of bat found in Indian subcontinent, and they can make up the first comprehensive biochemical study for this highly endangered species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A yearlong study was carried out in indigenous cattle of five upazila namely Khagrachari Sadar, Laxmichari, Matiranga, Mahalchari and Dighinala in Khagrachari Hill District, Bangladesh for determination of statuses of various biochemical parameters. Apparently healthy cattle (100) were selected and blood samples were collected aseptically. Biochemical analysis of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, electrolytes and enzymes were performed by using automated biochemical analyzer (Humalizer®-3000). The results showed that, the variations of parameters were not significant (p>0.05) between male and female. Although there was a slight increase of calcium (Mean±SEM) 8.01±0.32 mg/dl, glucose 69.21±2.31 mg/dl, LDL 5.69±0.22 mg/dl and uric acid 3.85±0.34 mg/dl of female compared to 7.34±0.42, 68.32±1.81, 5.05±0.25 and 3.37±0.27 of the male. On the other hand, SGOT (100.14±4.86 U/L) was slightly higher in male compared to the female (91.97±5.55). There was a slight variation in ALP (218.81±29.12 U/L) of growing cattle compared to the calf's (293.57±42.78) and production cattle (300.88±27.24), although the variation was not significant (p>0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The research was carried out to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Desmodium pauciflorum, Mangifera indica and Andrographis paniculata leaves. Materials and Methods: In order to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects acetic acid induced writhing response model and carrageenan induced paw edema model were used in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats, respectively. In both cases, leaves extract were administered (2gm/kg body weight) and the obtained effects were compared with commercially available analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug Dclofenac sodium (40mg/kg body weight). Distilled water (2ml/kg body weight) was used as a control for the study. Results: In analgesic bioassay, oral administration of the ethanol extract of leaves were significantly (p<0.01) reduced the writhing response. The efficacy of leaves extract were almost 35% in Desmodium pauciflorum, 56% in Mangifera indica and 34% in Andrographis paniculata which is found comparable to the effect of standard analgesic drug diclofenac sodium (76%). Leaves extract reduced paw edema in variable percentages but they did not show any significant difference among the leaves. Conclusion:We recommend further research on these plant leaves for possible isolation and characterization of the various active chemical substances which has the toxic and medicinal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jinding ducks are newly introduced to Bangladesh in commercial and household rearing. In order to assess production and hemato-biochemical status of Jinding ducks studies were conducted on household ducks of Chatkhil (August 2005-2006) and Sonagazi duck breeding farm (August 2008-June 2009). One hundred Jinding ducks (60 Chatkhil and 40 Sonagazi duck breeding farm) were randomly selected each time of sampling from 2,300 birds (300 Chatkhil and 2,000 Sonagazi duck breeding farm). Sexual maturity and average egg production per duck was calculated. Ducks attained better (P<0.001) average weight at Chatkhil than at Sonagazi duck breeding farm. Annual egg production was significantly lower (P<0.001) at Chatkhil than at Sonagazi duck breeding farm. Lymphocyte counts, serum total proteins, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were recorded significantly higher in Chatkhil ducks than in Sonagazi duck breeding farm ducks while it was reverse for monocytes and heterophils. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume in ducks differed non-significantly. Total erythrocytes counts increased with advancing age of ducks in both sites. In conclusion egg production performance of ducks was poor in Chatkhil. Hematobiochemical indices (in particular lymphocyte, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) were potentially higher in ducks of Chatkhil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the biochemical parameters of household chickens at crop and blood levels and measure the body weight. For this purpose, 350 Deshi (local) and 27 Fayoumi day old chicks were reared in 2 separate brooders within a house for 15 days. Body weight, serum total protein and calcium levels of these chicks were evaluated on day 0 and 15. After control house trial, birds were distributed among the selected households. Again, body weights and certain biochemical parameters were assessed from randomly selected birds at 60, 120 and 180 days of age. Fayoumi birds gained higher weight (P<0.001) than at control trial, whereas Deshi birds attained better weight (P<0.001) at household. Crop contents were dominated by carbohydrate. The level of crude proteins and calcium in crop contents increased along with age regardless of bird types. The average phosphorous in the crop contents was 0.3% (60 days), 2.6% (120) and 0.7% (180) regardless of bird types. Both serum total protein (P<0.05) and calcium (P<0.05) were significantly difference in between bird types at control house study. In conclusion, Deshi birds attained higher weight at household. The crude protein was below standard. Calcium and Phosphorous levels in the crop contents varied with ages, regardless of bird types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]