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Objective(s): Microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane-bound particles that act as a vehicle to transfer their contents, such as proteins, RNAs, and miRNAs, to the target cells, making them undergo several changes. Depending on the origin and the target cell, MVs may cause cell survival or apoptosis. This study investigated the effects of MVs released from the leukemic K562 cell line on the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) to evaluate changes in the survival or apoptosis of the cells in an in vitro system. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we added the isolated MVs from the K562 cell line to hBM-MSCs, and after three and then seven days, subsequently cell count, cell viability, transmission electron microscopy, tracing MVs by carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) solution, flow cytometry analysis for Annexin-V/PI staining and qPCR for the evaluation of BCL-2, KI67, and BAX expression were carried out. On the 10th day of the culture, hBM-MSCs were examined by Oil red O and Alizarin Red staining to evaluate their differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Results: There was a significant decrease in cell viability and KI67 and BCL-2 expression; however, BAX was significantly upregulated in the hBM-MSCs compared to control groups. Annexin-V/PI staining results also showed the apoptotic effects of K562-MVs on hBM-MSCs. Moreover, the differentiation of hBM-MSCs into adipocytes and osteoblasts was not observed. Conclusion: MVs from the leukemic cell line could affect the viability of normal hBM-MSCs and induce cell apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a calcium homeostasis regulator and can affect bone marrow niche. PTH leads to the bone marrow stem cell niche expansion as well as the induction of stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow into peripheral blood. In this study, we evaluated the association between pre-transplantation serum PTH levels and the number of circulating CD34+ cells along with the platelets/white blood cells (Plt/WBC) engraftment in patients who underwent autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Methods: Subjects for the study were 100 patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT), retrospectively. Serum levels of PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured before mobilization. Their impacts were measured on the number of mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, and Plt/WBC engraftment. Results: High levels of serum PTH (> 63.10 pg/mL) was significantly associated with higher number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood after granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced mobilization (p= 0.079*). Serum calcium at low levels were associated with higher number of circulating CD34+ cells post mobilization. Pre-transplantation serum levels of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase on CD34+ numbers were not statistically significant. Serum Plt/WBC engraftment was not improved in presence of high levels of serum PTH. Conclusions: We suggested that serum PTH levels before transplantation could be influential in raising the number of circulating CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell after mobilization. Conclusions: Overall, functional interpretation of gene expression in the prostate tissue can affect tumor progression. Yet, further practical studies are required to reveal the accurate underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YKL-40 is an important protein that plays a critical role in chronic inflammation in hypersensitivity disease. In this study, the expression of YKL-40 was investigated among patients with moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (M/S PAR), patients with mild (M) PAR and healthy individuals. Moreover, the association between YKL-40 and immunopathogenesis of M/S PAR was meticulously surveyed. For this purpose, surgical samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate YKL-40 mRNA expression. The presence and location of YKL-40 protein in the tissue samples were determined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we measured the number of eosinophils per field in the tissue samples, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE, specific serum IgE, total nasal syndrome score (TNSS) and YKL-40 serum levels. The data indicated that production of YKL-40 in patients with M/S PAR increased significantly when compared with the control group. Furthermore, local production of YKL-40 correlated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count and TNSS. The results of the present study indicate that YKL-40, for its correlation with allergic clinical manifestations and symptom severity in M/S PAR patients, should be considered as a trigger factor in AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the Study: To assess the level of acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) expression and IL-8 in nasal inferior turbinate mucosa in patients with mild and moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR)., Material and Methods: Participants in this case-control study were divided into three groups, including patients with moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis, cases with mild forms of persistent AR, and control or healthy group. We obtained biopsies of nasal inferior turbinate mucosa from all participants. Expression of AMCase and IL-8 mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. The number of eosinophils per field, blood eosinophils, total serum IgE levels, and specific serum IgE levels were measured. Patients' clinical manifestations were assessed by total nasal syndrome score (TNSS)., Results: Expression of AMCase and IL-8 in patients with moderate and severe perineal allergic rhinitis were significantly elevated compared to the control group and patients with mild persistent allergic rhinitis. Serum levels of AMCase and IL-8 were associated with specific IgE, nasal eosinophil count, and TNSS., Conclusions: According to the results of this study, there might be a relationship between the expression of AMCase and IL-8 in nasal turbinate mucosa and the severity of allergic rhinitis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Termedia.)

Background and Aim: Autophagy, known as cell death type II, is a housekeeping pathway that currently has been worked on in matters of tumorigenesis and leukomogenesis. Therefore, expression levels of ATG7 and LC3 as two key genes in AML patients are targeted in this study., Material and Method: This study was performed on 55 de novo AML patients against 17 healthy volunteers, acquired samples from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) sources in different ages and gender. The evaluation was executed by mRNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR and data was analyzed by SPSS., Results: Analyzed data indicate a significant decrease between expression of ATG7 and LC3 in AML patients against control (Pv < 0.05). Decrease in both genes expression was detected in most of the patients, 81.81% and 75.55%, respectively. Also LC3 overexpression was detected in 11.33% of AML patients. Moreover, a positive significant correlation between ATG7 and LC3 genes was detected (r = 0.481; Pv = 0.001)., Conclusion: This study showed that significant reduction of autophagy genes in de novo AML patients is important to overcome this system and initiate leukomogenesis. It seems a new insight is required for new achievements in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and monitoring AML patients.