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This topic from the eaves tiles in China, building tile, floor tile and pantile two kinds, its production method is to use mud first article against similar ceramic pipe cylindrical billet plate, and then cut in half, as two and a half round Jane watts, if cut into three parts, namely become floor tile after they were made, on Jane watts front end then modelled or half-round eaves tiles .This kind of firing of simple tiles and slat tiles originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and was unearthed in large number in the ruins of the Western Zhou Palace in Fufeng Qishan, Shaanxi Province. The issue here is that is it reflects the great creation of the ancient Chinese labouring people in building pottery, and created the first building with tile roof. The objective is to understand the phenomenon underlaying with regard to this topic. For methodology part, we have made a case example based on Moire in Qin and Han Tiles and carried out comprehensive reviews from the existing reading materials. In conclusion, from the following relationship of the main line: art and science and technology, art is romantic, perceptual, moving, exciting technology is rational, rigid and meticulous combination of the two research, the result is bound to be greater than or equal to the sum of the two Secondly, the classical traditional patterns and modern fashion patterns of the comparative study, the use of predecessors' artistic achievements, for our today's design inspiration to increase the creation of elements.

Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.

The traditional Malay silverware industries in Malaysia that have existed for more than 200 years began to deteriorate from time to time. Silverware is a craft field with its uniqueness and almost extinction hereditary since 1948 on the East Coast of Malaysia. In this context, innovation and sustainability play a vital role in the design and product development. This study is to investigate and identify the current development of Malay traditional silverware and its relation to Sustainable Design Goals parallel with the Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. The silverware industry growth is significant among the local community to sustain for gloomy future. Keywords: Sustainability, Malay Traditional Craft, Silverware eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behavior Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioral Researchers on Asians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behavior Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI9.3951

This paper explores the advanced concept that can inspire innovation, but the difficulty can also encourage it. Innovation is crucial in today's fast-paced world when people's perceptions may shift quickly. This study examines how the Design Thinking application is helpful in learning and innovation towards the design process in Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0 in the classroom among students to innovate and connect the growth of the more advanced age with a creative style of thinking throughout time. When students use design thinking, they can come up with new ideas. Keywords: Design Thinking; Industrial Revolution; Learning eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI

Many efforts are currently underway around the world to improve public awareness about preventive measures and to disseminate appropriate information about COVID-19 in curbing the spread of the disease. This study aims to determine the level of awareness on control and prevention of COVID-19 among population in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 participants in between March 30th to May 21st, 2020. A set of questionnaire that consists of five main themes: (1) socio-demographics, (2) awareness, (3) knowledge, (4) attitudes, and (5) practices towards prevention and controlling COVID-19 were distributed via online using google forms. The overall Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) scores was analyzed based on Bloom’s cut-off point of 80%. The results of this study show that Malaysians’ awareness highly influence their knowledge, attitude, and practices in preventing and controlling COVID-19 spread. Although the results are reasonably good, it is recommended for further awareness to be undertaken to continuously raise the awareness level and to remove any negative stigma and attitude that consequently produce better practices to prevent the spread of this virus, so that Malaysia is capable of stopping the COVID-19 infectious virus. Virtual awareness programs should be conducted to provide the public with the most up-to-date information on infection control procedures and how to maintain a hygienic environment, as well as encourage people to adopt social distance and avoid social gatherings.

Design and fabrication of an N-graphene-enhanced anode with a hierarchical morphology and a unique electronic structure that exhibits superior electrochemical performances in LIBs.

The paper discusses the development of interview and focus group instruments to uncover the intuition occurrences in Designerly practices. The two data collecting method forms data source triangulation through in-depth interviews of eight experts and eight senior-level designers with four focus group sessions involving thirty-two novice-level designers. The instrument development took into consideration its reliability and validity for the triangulation analysis stage to follow. The result from four pilot interviews and one focus group discussion provides recommendation and refinement for the researcher’s guide as well as various data collection methods within the Design and Designerly research area. Keywords: Designerly, Intuition, Design Thinking, Research Instrumentation eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2925

This paper discusses how designers formulate ideas through unstructured approaches in furniture design. The problem arose from a logical analysis of the strategies, methods, and hermeneutics in designing within the state-of-the-art interpretation principle. The goal is to understand how designers interpret the visual concept of subjectivity. In the designers’ cognitive ergonomics, verbal protocol analysis approaches methodologically analyzed. The 15-minute memorizing-based videotapes observe the designer reflection using several form properties, namely a characteristic of the uncertain objects has practiced. The findings showed the embodiment of metaphorical forms for designers to visualize unstructured visual forms as significant tangible forms. Keywords: Cognitive ergonomics; formgiving; furniture design; visual protocol eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2927

The conceptualizing process plays an important role in assisting designers’ creativity in form and styling development. It contributes to representing the cultural elements before product transformation, which has a limited investigation. This research aims to identify the metaphorical form element that conveys the brain impaired as factors of selection and defining form development of the humanoid robot embodiment. Design Protocol Analysis obtains to into design linguistic interpretations and synthesizing design based on perceptual product experience. Findings have outlined the theory of metaphorical form element selection and identification that could represent brain impaired product in assisting humanoid robotic acceptance among autism. Keywords: braille; visually impaired; tactile; labelling tool. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2933

An education programme at the master’s level normally aims to facilitate graduates’ acquisition, mastery and application of advanced knowledge in specialised areas of education. However, there is no learning pathway that aims to improve the level of specific and transversal competencies and skills, with particular regard to those relevant for the labour market in the furniture sector, such as management, entrepreneurship, language competences and leadership toward wood and furniture industry 4.0. The methodology for this research inquiry was based upon a survey questionnaire of 54 respondents during the MAKING4.0 Seminar at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) in Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The results were analysed from the Work Package 1 (WP1) “Analysis and comparison of the current Higher Education training offer and furniture and woodworking industry”, before the learning outcomes were defined for each of the identified topics. The definition of learning outcomes was made considering the Recommendations of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), and subsequently harmonised with the Programme Learning Outcomes defined in the Malaysian Qualification Framework 2nd edition (MQF2.0) for a Master´s Degree Level 7. The identified learning outcomes have been grouped into four modules: (1) Processes and Production of Furniture, (2) Intelligent and Sustainable Design, (3) Wood and New Materials, and (4) Innovation Management. Results of the study indicated that MAKING4.0 is in line with the actions highlighted in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2015–2025) and the objectives of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in developing the National Industry 4.0 policy framework. MAKING4.0 aims to ensure an adequate supply of human capital and skills, as well as develop an innovative master’s degree to modernise the current training offer in wood and furniture technology processes and design around Industry 4.0 in Malaysia.

This paper interprets a design pedagogy based on the Internet of Things (IoT) communication in the cyber-physical system challenges. This literature study discovers pictographic through artificial intelligence (AI). The product designers perceive the product form imaging beyond the engagement of design artefacts in the industrial design. The digital information sets are supplied through a design artefact evolution using heuristic evaluation. By the dual-method of designers’ human cognition, the design concept continuum develops arts and design education. The results identify an exact meaning of design pedagogy that the academicians will understand the specific content analysis type. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; industrial design; form imagery; internet of things eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4%20(Special%20Issue%204).2901

This paper discusses the Malaysia Keris design within the scope of the presence of the Fibonacci sequence component in design related to the art elements and design principles, which make it stand as an iconic item to symbolise Malaysian identity. The existing literature emphasised on the philosophical part of it. Using tool or instrument, of form analysis based on Fibonacci sequence spiral, has mapped the DNA of the design. The empirical findings show that the existence of Fibonacci sequences is significant in Malaysian keris design. Moreover, ‘emphasis’ has given the distribution of the visual weight of objects and value. Keywords: Elements of art; Fibonacci sequence; Keris; Principles of design eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2547

This paper argues the flexibility of focus group in Design research as a controlled-experiment setting to study Designerly Intuition at concept-stage decision making. This paper outlines the focus group design in terms of the types and structure considerations and the moderator factor. Finally, the focus-group result gathers dual-mode input from novice Industrial Designers (1) 'as a group' and the intuitive attributes as (2) ‘individual participants’. Therefore, the focus group design for the data collection setting is established through the research layout and space design that accommodates both modes of inquiry. Keywords: Focus Group Study, Design Intuition, Design Research, Controlled Experiment eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2536

This paper purposely to understand the relationship between reference materials and form the embodiment process illustrated in the design drawing sketch. To review the respondent’s design thinking characteristic and to surmise the scenario of the product development issue, a design protocol analysis put in place as a core method. Respondent behaviour throughout the design activities was recorded and analyzed through interaction design embodiment process. Analysing design activities and drawing sketch has produced some pattern which states the meaning of average design element, selected reference material, interaction behaviour, and the design process in a control situation. Keywords: Interaction, Form Embodiment, Design Thinking Process, Design Elements eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2546

This paper identifies a new distinction of ecodesign form, where it emerged from the literature case study that most practising designers have not conceived to interpret design research as an ecodesign identity. This research article objective reveals the ecological form creation in the semantics orders. The imaging product digitized an ecological form that was hermeneutically sourced by the literature review process using the heuristic method. It digitized the visual imagery before entering the prescriptive stage. The product imagery therefore digitized some ecodesign characteristics that the intangible ecological form conveyed in the form follows functional perspective; believing to environmentally-friendly product design. Keywords: Form; heuristic method; industrial design; intangible ecological form eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2538

This study examines the implementation of the TPSACK courseware, which was developed with artistic skills practice to discover the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge of the Art and Design Education (ADE) students. The courseware was developed based on Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model (2009), which addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning and instruction. Respondents from 130 students were gathered to analyze the courseware. Quantitative method was used to conduct a survey which is explored through SPSS. Results show a significant role in integrating technology with specific artistic skills to improve the students’ knowledge. Keywords: TPACK framework; TPSACK framework; artistic skills eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2553

Nowadays, the co-creation method has become a new development trend in the era of technology. Towards this scenario, design industry firms currently have transformed their development strategy from a good-dominant into service-dominant and more attention given to end-users in the development process. As a result, the conventional development process has been replaced with more cooperative development which is customer focus. Most of the Results from established sources such as journals and books have concluded. The framework is accumulated from both parties involved: the users and designers. This paper further contributes to the literature on the co-creation of value and digital ecosystems. Keywords: co-creation method; co-creation framework; co-creation. eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2309

The lack of knowledgeable and skilled workers is a major challenge faced by the Malaysian furniture sector. It hinders industrial productivity and its ability to move up the value-chain by adopting high technology. Therefore, in order to assess the awareness and readiness of the Malaysian furniture industry for Industry 4.0, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a sample of 778 large-, medium-, and small-sized furniture manufacturers throughout Malaysia. This study is part of an on-going Erasmus+ program funded by the European Commission, initiated in 2018 to develop a university-level education program to train workers capable of handling Industry 4.0 technologies for the furniture and wood industry in Malaysia. The results revealed that manufacturers of wood-based panel and metal furniture were more prepared to adopt automation and Industry 4.0 technologies compared to solid-wood and leather furniture manufacturers. The benefits from Industry 4.0 technologies include increased production capacity, product diversity, cost competitiveness, and workforce reduction. Further, the results of this study suggest that the lack of knowledgeable and skilled workers to handle Industry 4.0 technology is a concern among furniture manufacturers, and possibly the proposed university-level Industry 4.0 program may be beneficial to train workers for the future of the industry.

A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers' satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.

This study examines the efficacy of the TPSACK courseware which was developed with artistic skills practice to discover the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge components in the design of the courseware. The courseware was developed based on Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model (2009) which addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the inter-relationship between context, content, learning and instruction. Respondents from 130 Art and Design Education (ADE) group were gathered to analyse the TPSACK courseware. The courseware is designed with artistic skills practice for Arts students aimed at developing their artistic skills using technological assistance. The artistic skills included in the courseware are vital for students in preparation of becoming future art educator. The TPSACK courseware was evaluated using questionnaire with 5 point Likert scale comprising elements of interface design, content, artistic skills practice and the usability of the courseware. Significant findings revealed that the courseware include satisfactory and appropriate practices of artistic skills for Art students to improve their personal skills. Not only that, the study also suggests that the Dick and Carey Instructional model (2009) may be an ideal model in providing an instructional framework for courseware development.

The role of intuition in decision making is widely recognized in many fields, which saw a strong network of an intuition-based research community in this early turn of the century. However, it is poorly studied in the design field and notably little has been published on its role in design decision making, especially on the early concept stages of the design process. Reviews of previous studies reveal that task uncertainty and creativity have a positive and significant impact on expert intuition. This makes it a more convincing case for studying the highly unstructured mode of problems that are typically found in design. The case study on intuition-driven design expertise was done as a triangulation of data source from the in-depth interview of ten expert and six senior-level designers, followed by four sessions of focus group involving thirty-two participants made out of novice-level designers. Working around the common theme of “Future Workplace for Designers in the Year 2050,” the result produced a rich comparative and descriptive attributions of intuition-driven decision making between experienced and novice designers at three different types of intuition. These findings later inform the three decision-making models for training design expertise based on (1) affective intuition which draws on emotion, heart and feelings; (2) heuristic intuition which draws on logic, theories, facts and hunches; (3) holistic intuition which draws on abstract thinking, big ideas and big picture.

This research specifically developed the preliminary study of verbal protocol analysis (VPA) for the recognition of the design phenomena behind a design activity based on design research ethics. The ethics case study purposely aim to develop the pre–post

This paper’s objective is to critically assess the attributes of unconscious interaction between human cognition and behavior in the everyday product. During the study, a total of 30 images has been captured through natural observation. Using image-based research analysis as an approach, each image was critically assessed based on Burri’s theoretical framework of visual dimensions analysis. Nevertheless, a set of evaluation scheme was distributed to 30 Malaysian designers to obtain the reliability of the image analysis. The findings of the study indicate a significant descriptive characteristics analysis contained within different dimensions, which led to the identification of the attributes of unconscious interaction between human cognition and behavior in the everyday product. The implication of this study will help designers to widen their gaze on the possibilities of identifying user’s need during design thinking process by looking at the realms of unconsciousness and embodies human interaction.

This paper examines designers’ response toward the theory of unconscious interaction and cognitive of human behavior in the everyday product. During the Verbal Protocol Analysis (VPA) study, 30 designers were given four selected images which have been categorized into four attributes of unconscious interaction in everyday human behavior. At the same time, they were asked to verbally respond to following aspects: (1) their perception toward the attributes of the unconscious interaction of human behavior in everyday life; (2) their analysis on the given images; and (3) their reflection of those given images. The contribution of the study led to the identification of designers’ abilities to perceive, understand, analyze, and reflect in enhancing the value of an existing product by interpreting the design needs from the four attributes of unconscious interaction in everyday human behavior.

This paper discusses in profiling Malaysian keris DNA and properties, to identify the core values and to build emotionally sustainable heritage brand recognition with the Nostalgia Sentimental Values (NSV) towards product design. In this research, the researcher’s focus is to build an emotionally sustainable Malay heritage by profiling Malaysian keris DNA & properties as one of its core value towards nostalgic sentimental values in brand recognition. To do so, the research requires a focus on building characteristics from profiling Malaysian keris properties and stories in tandem by designing a product itself. Hence, to establish Visual Branding Characteristic (VBC) as the core value of the product design where the abstract characteristic is part of the Malaysian Keris properties which can communicate through aesthetic elements either semantically or syntactically as a Visual Brand Language (VBL) cohesively building its Nostalgic Sentimental Values (NSV) as the core values in brand recognition towards Malaysian products. Eventually, it can be used as a future reference and as a benchmarking guideline in branding Malaysian identity towards product design.

Digital features that appeared on everyday life have been a phenomenon with a modern, busy schedule and high living costs, whereas elderly people need to be more independent, know how to use the electrical product for cooking, washing, and house cleaning. Most of the current home appliances product features are not user-friendly for the elderly condition such as a digital integrated operating system with multifunction features. There are several factors that influence product usability problem on elderly; cognition, perception, and movement control. These factors caused them forgetful on past command, unclear vision, weak hand grasp, fail to integrate multifunction, etc. As Malaysia becomes an “Ageing Country” in the year 2035, the government needs to allocate such a big amount of budget to provide life need and supportive environment even though elderly have no longer contribute to the country’s productivity. In the year 2012, Malaysian government spends RM519.3 million for this group and it will increase in the future. Therefore the objective of this research is to propose a model of improvement for product usability interaction issue. The research method to be applied are based on Design Research Model (Blessing and Chakrabarti 2009), involves survey, observation, and experiment. The expected outcome of this research is a proposed prototype of home appliances product, featured with improved usability design criteria for elderly user. The design criteria become a guideline for industry and academic field for elderly usability studies.

This paper looks at establishing a research framework for National Design Heritage by looking at the form characteristic of modern Malaysian artefacts. Since the establishment of formal modern design education in Malaysia, there have been numerous attempts to understand the Design DNA that can be representative of Malaysian products or Malaysian Design Heritage. However, unlike other studies, Malaysian Design Heritage has not been explored from a historical perspective. This is also because formal modern design and design education only began in Malaysia in 1967, to reach its fiftieth year in 2017. These studies nonetheless, has set precedents towards building a framework for a National Design Heritage from a historical perspective, providing a platform for future product branding and aligning national level design activities. Following that, the paper hopes (1) to propose that formally archived artefact in Malaysia is an adequate comprehension of the nation’s design activities, (2) to identify visual form characteristics attributable to the design identity of modern Malaysian artefacts, based on form, content and context analysis and finally (3) to identify the scope of Industrial Design activities in Malaysia since its introduction in 1967.

Elements of product design are represented by its design structure, defining a product as a whole. These representations are normally built based on the metaphors that connect attributes of a domain of how product will be “seen” or interpreted as. Through design process, the designers apply activities of synthesizing a product involving cognitive aspects on the concept and form development and strategies. The study will be strategizing the outline to uncover the phenomenon that involves metaphor mapping as bridging tool involving visual form element selection during the concept development phase in design process, through visual appearance of a product. This will be achieved through observation of the respondents during the sketching or drawing and how the designers worked the metaphor in conveying or citing the elements in a particular source and domain as ideas and inspirations. The behavior and cognitive of the design practitioners will be conducted through an experiment in artificial environment set up laboratory, guided through a protocol.

This paper discusses issues and opportunities of service design in art and design education. There are three government agencies working in the same strategic directions, such as the government of Malaysia (via Malaysia Plan 11), Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) towards this matter. In relation to this matter, the case example is based on the UiTM Faculty of Art and Design (FAD). The case example elucidates UiTM Faculty of Art and Design experiences in the establishment of entities such as Pusat Daya Cipta (PDC), National Design Centre (NDC), Strategic Business Unit (SBU), Galeri Seni Tuanku Nur Zahirah (Gesturz) and Research Interest Group (RIG). The analysis of historical timeline, product positioning and PEST analysis indicates the entities at macrolevel and microlevel. In the discussion, there are several issues and opportunities highlighted such as innovation ecosystem and talent excellence, designing policy, public sector and governance, business model and entrepreneurship, myra score, risk management and trust deed. Finally, it seems that there is a need to develop a steady, sustainable creative business model in order to meet the demands of future job market that might benefit both academia and industries.

This paper discusses the need to identify the rule that can be used as a unified point of references to styling DNA in automotive design. Recently, there is no promising model or framework that can be used in design methodology for styling DNA. In reference to that, inquiry research activity was carried out among selected Malaysian public and styling designers in PROTON. Findings from the study indicated that the perception of designers positively correlate with preferences of Malaysian users. Furthermore, results showed that designers consistently tried to create a concept via sketches based on a specific area of the car. Consequently, the sequence maps or locus have been established in this research and the challenges revealed how it can be used as a starting point to build or create characters as embodied agents of character traits concerning brand and identity of a car design.