Author: "Shahaj E." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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19 results on '"Shahaj E."'

1. Incertezza

Author: Nijem, N, Larizza, L, Sbarbaro, A, Guano, E, Tcheraghali, A, Tarallo, P, Menghistie, K, Caridi, P, Kumalé, C, Fofi, G, Campanati, E, Ottieri, M.P, Aime, M, Speranza, F, Cosulich, A, Gallo, A, Marasco, E, Dalla Chiesa, N, Ovadia, M, Scagno, E, Kraus, M, Peroilero, C, Argano, L, Cavalli, A, Di Stefano, D, Kossi, A, Rinaldi, R, Shahaj, E, Lasso, A, Isaa, A, D'Alessandro, G, Barragan, M, Ba, M, Darwish, M, Arcuri, V, Delbono, P, Veronese, P, Tarasenko, V, Costa, E, Parodi, L, de Jesus, M.B, Ouattara, B, Fossa, F, Ladikoff, L, Antonucci, L, Ballerini, A, Choneca, J, Laera, M, Mayizola, J.C.L, Alonzo, G, Ponte di Pino, O, Argano, Lucio, Nijem, N, Larizza, L, Sbarbaro, A, Guano, E, Tcheraghali, A, Tarallo, P, Menghistie, K, Caridi, P, Kumalé, C, Fofi, G, Campanati, E, Ottieri, M.P, Aime, M, Speranza, F, Cosulich, A, Gallo, A, Marasco, E, Dalla Chiesa, N, Ovadia, M, Scagno, E, Kraus, M, Peroilero, C, Argano, L, Cavalli, A, Di Stefano, D, Kossi, A, Rinaldi, R, Shahaj, E, Lasso, A, Isaa, A, D'Alessandro, G, Barragan, M, Ba, M, Darwish, M, Arcuri, V, Delbono, P, Veronese, P, Tarasenko, V, Costa, E, Parodi, L, de Jesus, M.B, Ouattara, B, Fossa, F, Ladikoff, L, Antonucci, L, Ballerini, A, Choneca, J, Laera, M, Mayizola, J.C.L, Alonzo, G, Ponte di Pino, O, and Argano, Lucio
Abstract: Il contributo, così come è strutturato il volume, interpreta la voce "incertezza" alla luce dell'esperienza del Festival Suq di Genova
Published: 2023

2. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators

Author: Vergani, E, Dugo, M, Cossa, M, Frigerio, S, Di Guardo, L, Gallino, G, Mattavelli, I, Vergani, B, Lalli, L, Tamborini, E, Valeri, B, Gargiuli, C, Shahaj, E, Ferrarini, M, Ferrero, E, Gomez Lira, M, Huber, V, Vecchio, M, Sensi, M, Leone, B, Santinami, M, Rivoltini, L, Rodolfo, M, Vallacchi, V, Vergani E., Dugo M., Cossa M., Frigerio S., Di Guardo L., Gallino G., Mattavelli I., Vergani B., Lalli L., Tamborini E., Valeri B., Gargiuli C., Shahaj E., Ferrarini M., Ferrero E., Gomez Lira M., Huber V., Vecchio M. D., Sensi M., Leone B. E., Santinami M., Rivoltini L., Rodolfo M., Vallacchi V., Vergani, E, Dugo, M, Cossa, M, Frigerio, S, Di Guardo, L, Gallino, G, Mattavelli, I, Vergani, B, Lalli, L, Tamborini, E, Valeri, B, Gargiuli, C, Shahaj, E, Ferrarini, M, Ferrero, E, Gomez Lira, M, Huber, V, Vecchio, M, Sensi, M, Leone, B, Santinami, M, Rivoltini, L, Rodolfo, M, Vallacchi, V, Vergani E., Dugo M., Cossa M., Frigerio S., Di Guardo L., Gallino G., Mattavelli I., Vergani B., Lalli L., Tamborini E., Valeri B., Gargiuli C., Shahaj E., Ferrarini M., Ferrero E., Gomez Lira M., Huber V., Vecchio M. D., Sensi M., Leone B. E., Santinami M., Rivoltini L., Rodolfo M., and Vallacchi V.
Abstract: Background: Targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved the survival of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma, but most patients relapse upon the onset of drug resistance induced by mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic events. Among the epigenetic alterations, microRNA perturbation is associated with the development of kinase inhibitor resistance. Here, we identified and studied the role of miR-146a-5p dysregulation in melanoma drug resistance. Methods: The miR-146a-5p-regulated NFkB signaling network was identified in drug-resistant cell lines and melanoma tumor samples by expression profiling and knock-in and knock-out studies. A bioinformatic data analysis identified COX2 as a central gene regulated by miR-146a-5p and NFkB. The effects of miR-146a-5p/COX2 manipulation were studied in vitro in cell lines and with 3D cultures of treatment-resistant tumor explants from patients progressing during therapy. Results: miR-146a-5p expression was inversely correlated with drug sensitivity and COX2 expression and was reduced in BRAF and MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells and tissues. Forced miR-146a-5p expression reduced COX2 activity and significantly increased drug sensitivity by hampering prosurvival NFkB signaling, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Similar effects were obtained by inhibiting COX2 by celecoxib, a clinically approved COX2 inhibitor. Conclusions: Deregulation of the miR-146a-5p/COX2 axis occurs in the development of melanoma resistance to targeted drugs in melanoma patients. This finding reveals novel targets for more effective combination treatment. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.] Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Published: 2020

3. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author: Thery, C., Witwer, K. (Kenneth), Aikawa, E. (Elena), Alcaraz, M.J. (Maria Jose), Anderson, J.D. (Johnathon D), Andriantsitohaina, R. (Ramaroson), Antoniou, A. (Anna), Arab, T. (Tanina), Archer, F. (Fabienne), Atkin-Smith, G.K. (Georgia K), Ayre, D.C. (D Craig), Bach, J.-M. (Jean-Marie), Bachurski, D. (Daniel), Baharvand, H. (Hossein), Balaj, L. (Leonora), Baldacchino, S. (Shawn), Bauer, N.N. (Natalie N), Baxter, A.A. (Amy A), Bebawy, M. (Mary), Beckham, C. (Carla), Bedina Zavec, A. (Apolonija), Benmoussa, A. (Abderrahim), Berardi, A.C. (Anna C), Bergese, P. (Paolo), Bielska, E. (Ewa), Blenkiron, C. (Cherie), Bobis-Wozowicz, S. (Sylwia), Boilard, E. (Eric), Boireau, W. (Wilfrid), Bongiovanni, A. (Antonella), Borràs, F.E. (Francesc), Bosch, S. (Steffi), Boulanger, C.M. (Chantal), Breakefield, X. (Xandra), Breglio, A.M. (Andrew M), Brennan, M.Á. (Meadhbh Á), Brigstock, D.R. (David R), Brisson, A. (Alain), Broekman, M.L.D. (Marike), Bromberg, J.F. (Jacqueline F), Bryl-Górecka, P. (Paulina), Buch, S. (Shilpa), Buck, A.H. (Amy H), Burger, D. (Dylan), Busatto, S. (Sara), Buschmann, D. (Dominik), Bussolati, B. (Benedetta), Buzas, E. (Edit), Byrd, J.B. (James Bryan), Camussi, G. (Giovanni), Carter, D.R.F. (David RF), Caruso, S. (Sarah), Chamley, L.W. (Lawrence W), Chang, Y.-T. (Yu-Ting), Chaudhuri, A.D. (Amrita Datta), Chen, C. (Chihchen), Chen, S. (Shuai), Cheng, L. (Lesley), Chin, A.R. (Andrew R), Clayton, A. (Aled), Clerici, S.P. (Stefano P), Cocks, A. (Alex), Cocucci, E. (Emanuele), Coffey, R.J. (Robert J), Cordeiro-da-Silva, A. (Anabela), Couch, Y. (Yvonne), Coumans, F.A.W. (Frank AW), Coyle, B. (Beth), Crescitelli, R. (Rossella), Criado, M.F. (Miria Ferreira), D’Souza-Schorey, C. (Crislyn), Das, S. (Saumya), de Candia, P. (Paola), De Santana, E.F. (Eliezer F), De Wever, O. (Olivier), Del Portillo, H. (Hernando), Demaret, T. (Tanguy), Deville, S. (Sarah), Devitt, A. (Andrew), Dhondt, B. (Bert), Di Vizio, D. (Dolores), Dieterich, L.C. (Lothar C), Dolo, V. (Vincenza), Dominguez Rubio, A.P. (Ana Paula), Dominici, M. (Massimo), Dourado, M.R. (Mauricio R), Driedonks, T.A.P. (Tom AP), Duarte, F.V. (Filipe V), Duncan, H.M. (Heather M), Eichenberger, R.M. (Ramon M), Ekström, K. (Karin), EL Andaloussi, S. (Samir), Elie-Caille, C. (Celine), Erdbrügger, U. (Uta), Falcon-Perez, J.M. (Juan), Fatima, F. (Farah), Fish, J.E. (Jason E), Flores-Bellver, M. (Miguel), Försönits, A. (András), Frelet-Barrand, A. (Annie), Fricke, F. (Fabia), Fuhrmann, G. (Gregor), Gabrielsson, S. (Susanne), Gámez-Valero, A. (Ana), Gardiner, C. (Chris), Gärtner, K. (Kathrin), Gaudin, R. (Raphael), Gho, Y.S. (Yong Song), Giebel, B. (B.), Gilbert, C. (Caroline), Gimona, M. (Mario), Giusti, I. (Ilaria), Goberdhan, D.C.I. (Deborah CI), Görgens, A. (André), Gorski, S.M. (Sharon M), Greening, D.W. (David W.), Gross, J.C. (Julia Christina), Gualerzi, A. (Alice), Gupta, G.N. (Gopal N), Gustafson, D. (Dakota), Handberg, A. (Aase), Haraszti, R.A. (Reka A), Harrison, P. (Paul), Hegyesi, H. (Hargita), Hendrix, A. (An), Hill, A.F. (Andrew F), Hochberg, F.H. (Fred H), Hoffmann, K.F. (Karl F), Holder, B. (Beth), Holthofer, H. (Harry), Hosseinkhani, B. (Baharak), Hu, G. (Guoku), Huang, Y. (Yiyao), Huber, V. (Veronica), Hunt, S. (Stuart), Ibrahim, A.G.-E. (Ahmed Gamal-Eldin), Ikezu, T. (Tsuneya), Inal, J.M. (Jameel), Isin, M. (Mustafa), Ivanova, A. (Alena), Jackson, H.K. (Hannah K), Jacobsen, S. (Soren), Jay, S.M. (Steven M), Jayachandran, M. (Muthuvel), Jenster, G.W. (Guido), Jiang, L. (Lanzhou), Johnson, S.M. (Suzanne M), Jones, J.C. (Jennifer C), Jong, A. (Ambrose), Jovanovic-Talisman, T. (Tijana), Jung, S. (Stephanie), Kalluri, R. (Raghu), Kano, S.-I. (Shin-ichi), Kaur, S. (Sukhbir), Kawamura, Y. (Yumi), Keller, E.T. (Evan T), Khamari, D. (Delaram), Khomyakova, E. (Elena), Khvorova, A. (Anastasia), Kierulf, P. (Peter), Kim, K.P. (Kwang Pyo), Kislinger, T. (Thomas), Klingeborn, M. (Mikael), Klinke, D.J. (David J), Kornek, M. (Miroslaw), Kosanović, M.M. (Maja M), Kovács, Á.F. (Árpád Ferenc), Krämer-Albers, E.-M. (Eva-Maria), Krasemann, S. (Susanne), Krause, M. (Mirja), Kurochkin, I.V. (Igor V), Kusuma, G.D. (Gina D), Kuypers, S. (Sören), Laitinen, S. (Saara), Langevin, S.M. (Scott M), Languino, L.R. (Lucia R), Lannigan, J. (Joanne), Lässer, C. (Cecilia), Laurent, L.C. (Louise C), Lavieu, G. (Gregory), Lázaro-Ibáñez, E. (Elisa), Le Lay, S. (Soazig), Lee, M.-S. (Myung-Shin), Lee, Y.X.F. (Yi Xin Fiona), Lemos, D.S. (Debora S), Lenassi, M. (Metka), Leszczynska, A. (Aleksandra), Li, I.T.S. (Isaac TS), Liao, K. (Ke), Libregts, S.F. (Sten), Ligeti, E. (Erzsebet), Lim, R. (Rebecca), Lim, S.K. (Sai Kiang), Linē, A. (Aija), Linnemannstöns, K. (Karen), Llorente, A. (Alicia), Lombard, C.A. (Catherine A), Lorenowicz, M.J. (Magdalena J), Lörincz, Á.M. (Ákos M), Lötvall, J. (Jan), Lovett, J. (Jason), Lowry, M.C. (Michelle C), Loyer, X. (Xavier), Lu, Q. (Quan), Lukomska, B. (Barbara), Lunavat, T.R. (Taral R), Maas, S.L.N. (Sybren), Malhi, H. (Harmeet), Marcilla, A. (Antonio), Mariani, J. (Jacopo), Mariscal, J. (Javier), Martens-Uzunova, E.S. (Elena), Martin-Jaular, L. (Lorena), Martinez, M.C. (M Carmen), Martins, V.R. (Vilma Regina), Mathieu, M. (Mathilde), Mathivanan, S. (Suresh), Maugeri, M. (Marco), McGinnis, L.K. (Lynda K), McVey, M.J. (Mark J), Meckes, D.G. (David G), Meehan, K.L. (Katie L), Mertens, I. (Inge), Minciacchi, V.R. (Valentina R), Möller, A. (Andreas), Møller Jørgensen, M. (Malene), Morales-Kastresana, A. (Aizea), Morhayim, J. (Jess), Mullier, F. (Francois), Muraca, M. (Maurizio), Musante, L. (Luca), Mussack, V. (Veronika), Muth, D.C. (Dillon C), Myburgh, K.H. (Kathryn H), Najrana, T. (Tanbir), Nawaz, M. (Muhammad), Nazarenko, I. (Irina), Nejsum, P. (Peter), Neri, C. (Christian), Neri, T. (Tommaso), Nieuwland, C.C.M. (Carolien) van, Nimrichter, L. (Leonardo), Nolan, J.P. (John P), Nolte-’t Hoen, E.N.M. (Esther NM), Hooten, N.N. (Nicole Noren), O’Driscoll, L. (Lorraine), O’Grady, T. (Tina), O’Loghlen, A. (Ana), Ochiya, T. (Takahiro), Olivier, M. (Martin), Ortiz, A. (Alberto), Ortiz, L.A. (Luis A), Osteikoetxea, X. (Xabier), Ostegaard, O. (Ole), Ostrowski, M. (Matias), Park, J. (Jaesung), Pegtel, D.M. (D. Michiel), Peinado, H. (Hector), Perut, F. (Francesca), Pfaffl, M.W. (Michael W), Phinney, D.G. (Donald G), Pieters, B.C.H. (Bartijn CH), Pink, R.C. (Ryan C), Pisetsky, D.S. (David S), Pogge von Strandmann, E. (Elke), Polakovicova, I. (Iva), Poon, I.K.H. (Ivan KH), Powell, B.H. (Bonita H), Prada, I. (Ilaria), Pulliam, L. (Lynn), Quesenberry, P. (Peter), Radeghieri, A. (Annalisa), Raffai, R.L. (Robert L), Raimondo, S. (Stefania), Rak, J. (Janusz), Ramirez, M.I. (Marcel I.), Raposo, L. (Luís), Rayyan, M.S. (Morsi S), Regev-Rudzki, N. (Neta), Ricklefs, F.L. (Franz L), Robbins, P.D. (Paul D), Roberts, D.D. (David D), Rodrigues, S.C. (Silvia C), Rohde, E. (Eva), Rome, S. (Sophie), Rouschop, K.M.A. (Kasper MA), Rughetti, A. (Aurelia), Russell, A.E. (Ashley E), Saá, P. (Paula), Sahoo, S. (Susmita), Salas-Huenuleo, E. (Edison), Sánchez, C. (Catherine), Saugstad, J.A. (Julie A), Saul, M.J. (Meike J), Schiffelers, R.M. (Raymond), Schneider, R. (Raphael), Schøyen, T.H. (Tine Hiorth), Scott, A. (Aaron), Shahaj, E. (Eriomina), Sharma, S. (Shivani), Shatnyeva, O. (Olga), Shekari, F. (Faezeh), Shelke, G.V. (Ganesh Vilas), Shetty, A.K. (Ashok K), Shiba, K. (Kiyotaka), Siljander, P. (Pia), Silva, A.M. (Andreia M), Skowronek, A. (Agata), Snyder, O.L. (Orman L), Soares, R.P. (Rodrigo Pedro), Sódar, B.W. (Barbara W), Soekmadji, C. (Carolina), Sotillo, J. (Javier), Stahl, P.D. (Philip D), Stoorvogel, W. (Willem), Stott, S.L. (Shannon L), Strasser, E.F. (Erwin F), Swift, S. (Simon), Tahara, H. (Hidetoshi), Tewari, M. (Muneesh), Timms, K. (Kate), Tiwari, S. (Swasti), Tixeira, R. (Rochelle), Tkach, M. (Mercedes), Toh, W.S. (Wei Seong), Tomasini, R. (Richard), Torrecilhas, A.C. (Ana Claudia), Tosar, J.P. (Juan Pablo), Toxavidis, V. (Vasilis), Urbanelli, L. (Lorena), Vader, P. (Pieter), Balkom, B.W.M. (Bas) van, van der Grein, S.G. (Susanne G), Van Deun, J. (Jan), van Herwijnen, M.J.C. (Martijn JC), Van Keuren-Jensen, K. (Kendall), van Niel, G. (Guillaume), Royen, M.E. (Martin), van Wijnen, A.J. (Andre J), Vasconcelos, M.H. (M Helena), Vechetti, I.J. (Ivan J), Veit, T.D. (Tiago D), Vella, L.J. (Laura J.), Velot, É. (Émilie), Verweij, F.J. (Frederik J), Vestad, B. (Beate), Viñas, J.L. (Jose L), Visnovitz, T. (Tamás), Vukman, K.V. (Krisztina V), Wahlgren, J. (Jessica), Watson, D.C. (Dionysios C), Wauben, M.H.M. (Marca), Weaver, A. (Alissa), Webber, J.P. (Jason P), Weber, V. (Viktoria), Wehman, A.M. (Ann M), Weiss, D.J. (Daniel J), Welsh, J.A. (Joshua A), Wendt, S. (Sebastian), Wheelock, A.M. (Asa M), Wiener, Z. (Zoltán), Witte, L. (Leonie), Wolfram, J. (Joy), Xagorari, A. (Angeliki), Xander, P. (Patricia), Xu, J. (Jing), Yan, X. (Xiaomei), Yáñez-Mó, M. (María), Yin, H. (Hang), Yuana, Y., Zappulli, V. (Valentina), Zarubova, J. (Jana), Žėkas, V. (Vytautas), Zhang, J.-Y. (Jian-ye), Zhao, Z. (Zezhou), Zheng, L. (Lei), Zheutlin, A.R. (Alexander R), Zickler, A.M. (Antje M), Zimmermann, P. (Pascale), Zivkovic, A.M. (Angela M), Zocco, D. (Davide), Zuba-Surma, E.K. (Ewa K), Thery, C., Witwer, K. (Kenneth), Aikawa, E. (Elena), Alcaraz, M.J. (Maria Jose), Anderson, J.D. (Johnathon D), Andriantsitohaina, R. (Ramaroson), Antoniou, A. (Anna), Arab, T. (Tanina), Archer, F. (Fabienne), Atkin-Smith, G.K. (Georgia K), Ayre, D.C. (D Craig), Bach, J.-M. (Jean-Marie), Bachurski, D. (Daniel), Baharvand, H. (Hossein), Balaj, L. (Leonora), Baldacchino, S. (Shawn), Bauer, N.N. (Natalie N), Baxter, A.A. (Amy A), Bebawy, M. (Mary), Beckham, C. (Carla), Bedina Zavec, A. (Apolonija), Benmoussa, A. (Abderrahim), Berardi, A.C. (Anna C), Bergese, P. (Paolo), Bielska, E. (Ewa), Blenkiron, C. (Cherie), Bobis-Wozowicz, S. (Sylwia), Boilard, E. (Eric), Boireau, W. (Wilfrid), Bongiovanni, A. (Antonella), Borràs, F.E. (Francesc), Bosch, S. (Steffi), Boulanger, C.M. (Chantal), Breakefield, X. (Xandra), Breglio, A.M. (Andrew M), Brennan, M.Á. (Meadhbh Á), Brigstock, D.R. (David R), Brisson, A. (Alain), Broekman, M.L.D. (Marike), Bromberg, J.F. (Jacqueline F), Bryl-Górecka, P. (Paulina), Buch, S. (Shilpa), Buck, A.H. (Amy H), Burger, D. (Dylan), Busatto, S. (Sara), Buschmann, D. (Dominik), Bussolati, B. (Benedetta), Buzas, E. (Edit), Byrd, J.B. (James Bryan), Camussi, G. (Giovanni), Carter, D.R.F. (David RF), Caruso, S. (Sarah), Chamley, L.W. (Lawrence W), Chang, Y.-T. (Yu-Ting), Chaudhuri, A.D. (Amrita Datta), Chen, C. (Chihchen), Chen, S. (Shuai), Cheng, L. (Lesley), Chin, A.R. (Andrew R), Clayton, A. (Aled), Clerici, S.P. (Stefano P), Cocks, A. (Alex), Cocucci, E. (Emanuele), Coffey, R.J. (Robert J), Cordeiro-da-Silva, A. (Anabela), Couch, Y. (Yvonne), Coumans, F.A.W. (Frank AW), Coyle, B. (Beth), Crescitelli, R. (Rossella), Criado, M.F. (Miria Ferreira), D’Souza-Schorey, C. (Crislyn), Das, S. (Saumya), de Candia, P. (Paola), De Santana, E.F. (Eliezer F), De Wever, O. (Olivier), Del Portillo, H. (Hernando), Demaret, T. (Tanguy), Deville, S. (Sarah), Devitt, A. (Andrew), Dhondt, B. (Bert), Di Vizio, D. (Dolores), Dieterich, L.C. (Lothar C), Dolo, V. (Vincenza), Dominguez Rubio, A.P. (Ana Paula), Dominici, M. (Massimo), Dourado, M.R. (Mauricio R), Driedonks, T.A.P. (Tom AP), Duarte, F.V. (Filipe V), Duncan, H.M. (Heather M), Eichenberger, R.M. (Ramon M), Ekström, K. (Karin), EL Andaloussi, S. (Samir), Elie-Caille, C. (Celine), Erdbrügger, U. (Uta), Falcon-Perez, J.M. (Juan), Fatima, F. (Farah), Fish, J.E. (Jason E), Flores-Bellver, M. (Miguel), Försönits, A. (András), Frelet-Barrand, A. (Annie), Fricke, F. (Fabia), Fuhrmann, G. (Gregor), Gabrielsson, S. (Susanne), Gámez-Valero, A. (Ana), Gardiner, C. (Chris), Gärtner, K. (Kathrin), Gaudin, R. (Raphael), Gho, Y.S. (Yong Song), Giebel, B. (B.), Gilbert, C. (Caroline), Gimona, M. (Mario), Giusti, I. (Ilaria), Goberdhan, D.C.I. (Deborah CI), Görgens, A. (André), Gorski, S.M. (Sharon M), Greening, D.W. (David W.), Gross, J.C. (Julia Christina), Gualerzi, A. (Alice), Gupta, G.N. (Gopal N), Gustafson, D. (Dakota), Handberg, A. (Aase), Haraszti, R.A. (Reka A), Harrison, P. (Paul), Hegyesi, H. (Hargita), Hendrix, A. (An), Hill, A.F. (Andrew F), Hochberg, F.H. (Fred H), Hoffmann, K.F. (Karl F), Holder, B. (Beth), Holthofer, H. (Harry), Hosseinkhani, B. (Baharak), Hu, G. (Guoku), Huang, Y. (Yiyao), Huber, V. (Veronica), Hunt, S. (Stuart), Ibrahim, A.G.-E. (Ahmed Gamal-Eldin), Ikezu, T. (Tsuneya), Inal, J.M. (Jameel), Isin, M. (Mustafa), Ivanova, A. (Alena), Jackson, H.K. (Hannah K), Jacobsen, S. (Soren), Jay, S.M. (Steven M), Jayachandran, M. (Muthuvel), Jenster, G.W. (Guido), Jiang, L. (Lanzhou), Johnson, S.M. (Suzanne M), Jones, J.C. (Jennifer C), Jong, A. (Ambrose), Jovanovic-Talisman, T. (Tijana), Jung, S. (Stephanie), Kalluri, R. (Raghu), Kano, S.-I. (Shin-ichi), Kaur, S. (Sukhbir), Kawamura, Y. (Yumi), Keller, E.T. (Evan T), Khamari, D. (Delaram), Khomyakova, E. (Elena), Khvorova, A. (Anastasia), Kierulf, P. (Peter), Kim, K.P. (Kwang Pyo), Kislinger, T. (Thomas), Klingeborn, M. (Mikael), Klinke, D.J. (David J), Kornek, M. (Miroslaw), Kosanović, M.M. (Maja M), Kovács, Á.F. (Árpád Ferenc), Krämer-Albers, E.-M. (Eva-Maria), Krasemann, S. (Susanne), Krause, M. (Mirja), Kurochkin, I.V. (Igor V), Kusuma, G.D. (Gina D), Kuypers, S. (Sören), Laitinen, S. (Saara), Langevin, S.M. (Scott M), Languino, L.R. (Lucia R), Lannigan, J. (Joanne), Lässer, C. (Cecilia), Laurent, L.C. (Louise C), Lavieu, G. (Gregory), Lázaro-Ibáñez, E. (Elisa), Le Lay, S. (Soazig), Lee, M.-S. (Myung-Shin), Lee, Y.X.F. (Yi Xin Fiona), Lemos, D.S. (Debora S), Lenassi, M. (Metka), Leszczynska, A. (Aleksandra), Li, I.T.S. (Isaac TS), Liao, K. (Ke), Libregts, S.F. (Sten), Ligeti, E. (Erzsebet), Lim, R. (Rebecca), Lim, S.K. (Sai Kiang), Linē, A. (Aija), Linnemannstöns, K. (Karen), Llorente, A. (Alicia), Lombard, C.A. (Catherine A), Lorenowicz, M.J. (Magdalena J), Lörincz, Á.M. (Ákos M), Lötvall, J. (Jan), Lovett, J. (Jason), Lowry, M.C. (Michelle C), Loyer, X. (Xavier), Lu, Q. (Quan), Lukomska, B. (Barbara), Lunavat, T.R. (Taral R), Maas, S.L.N. (Sybren), Malhi, H. (Harmeet), Marcilla, A. (Antonio), Mariani, J. (Jacopo), Mariscal, J. (Javier), Martens-Uzunova, E.S. (Elena), Martin-Jaular, L. (Lorena), Martinez, M.C. (M Carmen), Martins, V.R. (Vilma Regina), Mathieu, M. (Mathilde), Mathivanan, S. (Suresh), Maugeri, M. (Marco), McGinnis, L.K. (Lynda K), McVey, M.J. (Mark J), Meckes, D.G. (David G), Meehan, K.L. (Katie L), Mertens, I. (Inge), Minciacchi, V.R. (Valentina R), Möller, A. (Andreas), Møller Jørgensen, M. (Malene), Morales-Kastresana, A. (Aizea), Morhayim, J. (Jess), Mullier, F. (Francois), Muraca, M. (Maurizio), Musante, L. (Luca), Mussack, V. (Veronika), Muth, D.C. (Dillon C), Myburgh, K.H. (Kathryn H), Najrana, T. (Tanbir), Nawaz, M. (Muhammad), Nazarenko, I. (Irina), Nejsum, P. (Peter), Neri, C. (Christian), Neri, T. (Tommaso), Nieuwland, C.C.M. (Carolien) van, Nimrichter, L. (Leonardo), Nolan, J.P. (John P), Nolte-’t Hoen, E.N.M. (Esther NM), Hooten, N.N. (Nicole Noren), O’Driscoll, L. (Lorraine), O’Grady, T. (Tina), O’Loghlen, A. (Ana), Ochiya, T. (Takahiro), Olivier, M. (Martin), Ortiz, A. (Alberto), Ortiz, L.A. (Luis A), Osteikoetxea, X. (Xabier), Ostegaard, O. (Ole), Ostrowski, M. (Matias), Park, J. (Jaesung), Pegtel, D.M. (D. Michiel), Peinado, H. (Hector), Perut, F. (Francesca), Pfaffl, M.W. (Michael W), Phinney, D.G. (Donald G), Pieters, B.C.H. (Bartijn CH), Pink, R.C. (Ryan C), Pisetsky, D.S. (David S), Pogge von Strandmann, E. (Elke), Polakovicova, I. (Iva), Poon, I.K.H. (Ivan KH), Powell, B.H. (Bonita H), Prada, I. (Ilaria), Pulliam, L. (Lynn), Quesenberry, P. (Peter), Radeghieri, A. (Annalisa), Raffai, R.L. (Robert L), Raimondo, S. (Stefania), Rak, J. (Janusz), Ramirez, M.I. (Marcel I.), Raposo, L. (Luís), Rayyan, M.S. (Morsi S), Regev-Rudzki, N. (Neta), Ricklefs, F.L. (Franz L), Robbins, P.D. (Paul D), Roberts, D.D. (David D), Rodrigues, S.C. (Silvia C), Rohde, E. (Eva), Rome, S. (Sophie), Rouschop, K.M.A. (Kasper MA), Rughetti, A. (Aurelia), Russell, A.E. (Ashley E), Saá, P. (Paula), Sahoo, S. (Susmita), Salas-Huenuleo, E. (Edison), Sánchez, C. (Catherine), Saugstad, J.A. (Julie A), Saul, M.J. (Meike J), Schiffelers, R.M. (Raymond), Schneider, R. (Raphael), Schøyen, T.H. (Tine Hiorth), Scott, A. (Aaron), Shahaj, E. (Eriomina), Sharma, S. (Shivani), Shatnyeva, O. (Olga), Shekari, F. (Faezeh), Shelke, G.V. (Ganesh Vilas), Shetty, A.K. (Ashok K), Shiba, K. (Kiyotaka), Siljander, P. (Pia), Silva, A.M. (Andreia M), Skowronek, A. (Agata), Snyder, O.L. (Orman L), Soares, R.P. (Rodrigo Pedro), Sódar, B.W. (Barbara W), Soekmadji, C. (Carolina), Sotillo, J. (Javier), Stahl, P.D. (Philip D), Stoorvogel, W. (Willem), Stott, S.L. (Shannon L), Strasser, E.F. (Erwin F), Swift, S. (Simon), Tahara, H. (Hidetoshi), Tewari, M. (Muneesh), Timms, K. (Kate), Tiwari, S. (Swasti), Tixeira, R. (Rochelle), Tkach, M. (Mercedes), Toh, W.S. (Wei Seong), Tomasini, R. (Richard), Torrecilhas, A.C. (Ana Claudia), Tosar, J.P. (Juan Pablo), Toxavidis, V. (Vasilis), Urbanelli, L. (Lorena), Vader, P. (Pieter), Balkom, B.W.M. (Bas) van, van der Grein, S.G. (Susanne G), Van Deun, J. (Jan), van Herwijnen, M.J.C. (Martijn JC), Van Keuren-Jensen, K. (Kendall), van Niel, G. (Guillaume), Royen, M.E. (Martin), van Wijnen, A.J. (Andre J), Vasconcelos, M.H. (M Helena), Vechetti, I.J. (Ivan J), Veit, T.D. (Tiago D), Vella, L.J. (Laura J.), Velot, É. (Émilie), Verweij, F.J. (Frederik J), Vestad, B. (Beate), Viñas, J.L. (Jose L), Visnovitz, T. (Tamás), Vukman, K.V. (Krisztina V), Wahlgren, J. (Jessica), Watson, D.C. (Dionysios C), Wauben, M.H.M. (Marca), Weaver, A. (Alissa), Webber, J.P. (Jason P), Weber, V. (Viktoria), Wehman, A.M. (Ann M), Weiss, D.J. (Daniel J), Welsh, J.A. (Joshua A), Wendt, S. (Sebastian), Wheelock, A.M. (Asa M), Wiener, Z. (Zoltán), Witte, L. (Leonie), Wolfram, J. (Joy), Xagorari, A. (Angeliki), Xander, P. (Patricia), Xu, J. (Jing), Yan, X. (Xiaomei), Yáñez-Mó, M. (María), Yin, H. (Hang), Yuana, Y., Zappulli, V. (Valentina), Zarubova, J. (Jana), Žėkas, V. (Vytautas), Zhang, J.-Y. (Jian-ye), Zhao, Z. (Zezhou), Zheng, L. (Lei), Zheutlin, A.R. (Alexander R), Zickler, A.M. (Antje M), Zimmermann, P. (Pascale), Zivkovic, A.M. (Angela M), Zocco, D. (Davide), and Zuba-Surma, E.K. (Ewa K)
Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make the
Published: 2019
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4. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author: Thery, C, Witwer, KW, Aikawa, E, Jose Alcaraz, M, Anderson, JD, Andriantsitohaina, R, Antoniou, A, Arab, T, Archer, F, Atkin-Smith, GK, Ayre, DC, Bach, J-M, Bachurski, D, Baharvand, H, Balaj, L, Baldacchino, S, Bauer, NN, Baxter, AA, Bebawy, M, Beckham, C, Zavec, AB, Benmoussa, A, Berardi, AC, Bergese, P, Bielska, E, Blenkiron, C, Bobis-Wozowicz, S, Boilard, E, Boireau, W, Bongiovanni, A, Borras, FE, Bosch, S, Boulanger, CM, Breakefield, X, Breglio, AM, Brennan, MA, Brigstock, DR, Brisson, A, Broekman, MLD, Bromberg, JF, Bryl-Gorecka, P, Buch, S, Buck, AH, Burger, D, Busatto, S, Buschmann, D, Bussolati, B, Buzas, E, Byrd, JB, Camussi, G, Carter, DRF, Caruso, S, Chamley, LW, Chang, Y-T, Chen, C, Chen, S, Cheng, L, Chin, AR, Clayton, A, Clerici, SP, Cocks, A, Cocucci, E, Coffey, RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva, A, Couch, Y, Coumans, FAW, Coyle, B, Crescitelli, R, Criado, MF, D'Souza-Schorey, C, Das, S, Chaudhuri, AD, de Candia, P, De Santana Junior, EF, De Wever, O, del Portillo, HA, Demaret, T, Deville, S, Devitt, A, Dhondt, B, Di Vizio, D, Dieterich, LC, Dolo, V, Dominguez Rubio, AP, Dominici, M, Dourado, MR, Driedonks, TAP, Duarte, F, Duncan, HM, Eichenberger, RM, Ekstrom, K, Andaloussi, SEL, Elie-Caille, C, Erdbrugger, U, Falcon-Perez, JM, Fatima, F, Fish, JE, Flores-Bellver, M, Forsonits, A, Frelet-Barrand, A, Fricke, F, Fuhrmann, G, Gabrielsson, S, Gamez-Valero, A, Gardiner, C, Gaertner, K, Gaudin, R, Gho, YS, Giebel, B, Gilbert, C, Gimona, M, Giusti, I, Goberdhan, DC, Goergens, A, Gorski, SM, Greening, DW, Gross, JC, Gualerzi, A, Gupta, GN, Gustafson, D, Handberg, A, Haraszti, RA, Harrison, P, Hegyesi, H, Hendrix, A, Hill, AF, Hochberg, FH, Hoffmann, KF, Holder, B, Holthofer, H, Hosseinkhani, B, Hu, G, Huang, Y, Huber, V, Hunt, S, Ibrahim, AG-E, Ikezu, T, Inal, JM, Isin, M, Ivanova, A, Jackson, HK, Jacobsen, S, Jay, SM, Jayachandran, M, Jenster, G, Jiang, L, Johnson, SM, Jones, JC, Jong, A, Jovanovic-Talisman, T, Jung, S, Kalluri, R, Kano, S-I, Kaur, S, Kawamura, Y, Keller, ET, Khamari, D, Khomyakova, E, Khvorova, A, Kierulf, P, Kim, KP, Kislinger, T, Klingeborn, M, Klinke, DJ, Kornek, M, Kosanovic, MM, Kovacs, AF, Kraemer-Albers, E-M, Krasemann, S, Krause, M, Kurochkin, I, Kusuma, GD, Kuypers, S, Laitinen, S, Langevin, SM, Languino, LR, Lannigan, J, Lasser, C, Laurent, LC, Lavieu, G, Lazaro-Ibanez, E, Le Lay, S, Lee, M-S, Lee, YXF, Lemos, DS, Lenassi, M, Leszczynska, A, Li, ITS, Liao, K, Libregts, SF, Ligeti, E, Lim, R, Lim, SK, Line, A, Linnemannstoens, K, Llorente, A, Lombard, CA, Lorenowicz, MJ, Lorincz, AM, Lotvall, J, Lovett, J, Lowry, MC, Loyer, X, Lu, Q, Lukomska, B, Lunavat, TR, Maas, SLN, Malhi, H, Marcilla, A, Mariani, J, Mariscal, J, Martens-Uzunova, ES, Martin-Jaular, L, Martinez, MC, Martins, VR, Mathieu, M, Mathivanan, S, Maugeri, M, McGinnis, LK, McVey, MJ, Meckes, DG, Meehan, KL, Mertens, I, Minciacchi, VR, Moller, A, Jorgensen, MM, Morales-Kastresana, A, Morhayim, J, Mullier, F, Muraca, M, Musante, L, Mussack, V, Muth, DC, Myburgh, KH, Najrana, T, Nawaz, M, Nazarenko, I, Nejsum, P, Neri, C, Neri, T, Nieuwland, R, Nimrichter, L, Nolan, JP, Nolte-'t Hoen, ENM, Noren Hooten, N, O'Driscoll, L, O'Grady, T, O'Loghlen, A, Ochiya, T, Olivier, M, Ortiz, A, Ortiz, LA, Osteikoetxea, X, Ostegaard, O, Ostrowski, M, Park, J, Pegtel, DM, Peinado, H, Perut, F, Pfaffl, MW, Phinney, DG, Pieters, BCH, Pink, RC, Pisetsky, DS, von Strandmann, EP, Polakovicova, I, Poon, IKH, Powell, BH, Prada, I, Pulliam, L, Quesenberry, P, Radeghieri, A, Raffai, RL, Raimondo, S, Rak, J, Ramirez, M, Raposo, G, Rayyan, MS, Regev-Rudzki, N, Ricklefs, FL, Robbins, PD, Roberts, DD, Rodrigues, SC, Rohde, E, Rome, S, Rouschop, KMA, Rughetti, A, Russell, AE, Saa, P, Sahoo, S, Salas-Huenuleo, E, Sanchez, C, Saugstad, JA, Saul, MJ, Schiffelers, RM, Schneider, R, Schoyen, TH, Scott, A, Shahaj, E, Sharma, S, Shatnyeva, O, Shekari, F, Shelke, GV, Shetty, AK, Shiba, K, Siljander, PR-M, Silva, AM, Skowronek, A, Snyder, OL, Soares, RP, Sodar, BW, Soekmadji, C, Sotillo, J, Stahl, PD, Stoorvogel, W, Stott, SL, Strasser, EF, Swift, S, Tahara, H, Tewari, M, Timms, K, Tiwari, S, Tixeira, R, Tkach, M, Toh, WS, Tomasini, R, Torrecilhas, AC, Pablo Tosar, J, Toxavidis, V, Urbanelli, L, Vader, P, van Balkom, BWM, van der Grein, SG, Van Deun, J, van Herwijnen, MJC, Van Keuren-Jensen, K, van Niel, G, van Royen, ME, van Wijnen, AJ, Helena Vasconcelos, M, Vechetti, IJ, Veit, TD, Vella, LJ, Velot, E, Verweij, FJ, Vestad, B, Vinas, JL, Visnovitz, T, Vukman, KV, Wahlgren, J, Watson, DC, Wauben, MHM, Weaver, A, Webber, JP, Weber, V, Wehman, AM, Weiss, DJ, Welsh, JA, Wendt, S, Wheelock, AM, Wiener, Z, Witte, L, Wolfram, J, Xagorari, A, Xander, P, Xu, J, Yan, X, Yanez-Mo, M, Yin, H, Yuana, Y, Zappulli, V, Zarubova, J, Zekas, V, Zhang, J-Y, Zhao, Z, Zheng, L, Zheutlin, AR, Zickler, AM, Zimmermann, P, Zivkovic, AM, Zocco, D, Zuba-Surma, EK, Thery, C, Witwer, KW, Aikawa, E, Jose Alcaraz, M, Anderson, JD, Andriantsitohaina, R, Antoniou, A, Arab, T, Archer, F, Atkin-Smith, GK, Ayre, DC, Bach, J-M, Bachurski, D, Baharvand, H, Balaj, L, Baldacchino, S, Bauer, NN, Baxter, AA, Bebawy, M, Beckham, C, Zavec, AB, Benmoussa, A, Berardi, AC, Bergese, P, Bielska, E, Blenkiron, C, Bobis-Wozowicz, S, Boilard, E, Boireau, W, Bongiovanni, A, Borras, FE, Bosch, S, Boulanger, CM, Breakefield, X, Breglio, AM, Brennan, MA, Brigstock, DR, Brisson, A, Broekman, MLD, Bromberg, JF, Bryl-Gorecka, P, Buch, S, Buck, AH, Burger, D, Busatto, S, Buschmann, D, Bussolati, B, Buzas, E, Byrd, JB, Camussi, G, Carter, DRF, Caruso, S, Chamley, LW, Chang, Y-T, Chen, C, Chen, S, Cheng, L, Chin, AR, Clayton, A, Clerici, SP, Cocks, A, Cocucci, E, Coffey, RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva, A, Couch, Y, Coumans, FAW, Coyle, B, Crescitelli, R, Criado, MF, D'Souza-Schorey, C, Das, S, Chaudhuri, AD, de Candia, P, De Santana Junior, EF, De Wever, O, del Portillo, HA, Demaret, T, Deville, S, Devitt, A, Dhondt, B, Di Vizio, D, Dieterich, LC, Dolo, V, Dominguez Rubio, AP, Dominici, M, Dourado, MR, Driedonks, TAP, Duarte, F, Duncan, HM, Eichenberger, RM, Ekstrom, K, Andaloussi, SEL, Elie-Caille, C, Erdbrugger, U, Falcon-Perez, JM, Fatima, F, Fish, JE, Flores-Bellver, M, Forsonits, A, Frelet-Barrand, A, Fricke, F, Fuhrmann, G, Gabrielsson, S, Gamez-Valero, A, Gardiner, C, Gaertner, K, Gaudin, R, Gho, YS, Giebel, B, Gilbert, C, Gimona, M, Giusti, I, Goberdhan, DC, Goergens, A, Gorski, SM, Greening, DW, Gross, JC, Gualerzi, A, Gupta, GN, Gustafson, D, Handberg, A, Haraszti, RA, Harrison, P, Hegyesi, H, Hendrix, A, Hill, AF, Hochberg, FH, Hoffmann, KF, Holder, B, Holthofer, H, Hosseinkhani, B, Hu, G, Huang, Y, Huber, V, Hunt, S, Ibrahim, AG-E, Ikezu, T, Inal, JM, Isin, M, Ivanova, A, Jackson, HK, Jacobsen, S, Jay, SM, Jayachandran, M, Jenster, G, Jiang, L, Johnson, SM, Jones, JC, Jong, A, Jovanovic-Talisman, T, Jung, S, Kalluri, R, Kano, S-I, Kaur, S, Kawamura, Y, Keller, ET, Khamari, D, Khomyakova, E, Khvorova, A, Kierulf, P, Kim, KP, Kislinger, T, Klingeborn, M, Klinke, DJ, Kornek, M, Kosanovic, MM, Kovacs, AF, Kraemer-Albers, E-M, Krasemann, S, Krause, M, Kurochkin, I, Kusuma, GD, Kuypers, S, Laitinen, S, Langevin, SM, Languino, LR, Lannigan, J, Lasser, C, Laurent, LC, Lavieu, G, Lazaro-Ibanez, E, Le Lay, S, Lee, M-S, Lee, YXF, Lemos, DS, Lenassi, M, Leszczynska, A, Li, ITS, Liao, K, Libregts, SF, Ligeti, E, Lim, R, Lim, SK, Line, A, Linnemannstoens, K, Llorente, A, Lombard, CA, Lorenowicz, MJ, Lorincz, AM, Lotvall, J, Lovett, J, Lowry, MC, Loyer, X, Lu, Q, Lukomska, B, Lunavat, TR, Maas, SLN, Malhi, H, Marcilla, A, Mariani, J, Mariscal, J, Martens-Uzunova, ES, Martin-Jaular, L, Martinez, MC, Martins, VR, Mathieu, M, Mathivanan, S, Maugeri, M, McGinnis, LK, McVey, MJ, Meckes, DG, Meehan, KL, Mertens, I, Minciacchi, VR, Moller, A, Jorgensen, MM, Morales-Kastresana, A, Morhayim, J, Mullier, F, Muraca, M, Musante, L, Mussack, V, Muth, DC, Myburgh, KH, Najrana, T, Nawaz, M, Nazarenko, I, Nejsum, P, Neri, C, Neri, T, Nieuwland, R, Nimrichter, L, Nolan, JP, Nolte-'t Hoen, ENM, Noren Hooten, N, O'Driscoll, L, O'Grady, T, O'Loghlen, A, Ochiya, T, Olivier, M, Ortiz, A, Ortiz, LA, Osteikoetxea, X, Ostegaard, O, Ostrowski, M, Park, J, Pegtel, DM, Peinado, H, Perut, F, Pfaffl, MW, Phinney, DG, Pieters, BCH, Pink, RC, Pisetsky, DS, von Strandmann, EP, Polakovicova, I, Poon, IKH, Powell, BH, Prada, I, Pulliam, L, Quesenberry, P, Radeghieri, A, Raffai, RL, Raimondo, S, Rak, J, Ramirez, M, Raposo, G, Rayyan, MS, Regev-Rudzki, N, Ricklefs, FL, Robbins, PD, Roberts, DD, Rodrigues, SC, Rohde, E, Rome, S, Rouschop, KMA, Rughetti, A, Russell, AE, Saa, P, Sahoo, S, Salas-Huenuleo, E, Sanchez, C, Saugstad, JA, Saul, MJ, Schiffelers, RM, Schneider, R, Schoyen, TH, Scott, A, Shahaj, E, Sharma, S, Shatnyeva, O, Shekari, F, Shelke, GV, Shetty, AK, Shiba, K, Siljander, PR-M, Silva, AM, Skowronek, A, Snyder, OL, Soares, RP, Sodar, BW, Soekmadji, C, Sotillo, J, Stahl, PD, Stoorvogel, W, Stott, SL, Strasser, EF, Swift, S, Tahara, H, Tewari, M, Timms, K, Tiwari, S, Tixeira, R, Tkach, M, Toh, WS, Tomasini, R, Torrecilhas, AC, Pablo Tosar, J, Toxavidis, V, Urbanelli, L, Vader, P, van Balkom, BWM, van der Grein, SG, Van Deun, J, van Herwijnen, MJC, Van Keuren-Jensen, K, van Niel, G, van Royen, ME, van Wijnen, AJ, Helena Vasconcelos, M, Vechetti, IJ, Veit, TD, Vella, LJ, Velot, E, Verweij, FJ, Vestad, B, Vinas, JL, Visnovitz, T, Vukman, KV, Wahlgren, J, Watson, DC, Wauben, MHM, Weaver, A, Webber, JP, Weber, V, Wehman, AM, Weiss, DJ, Welsh, JA, Wendt, S, Wheelock, AM, Wiener, Z, Witte, L, Wolfram, J, Xagorari, A, Xander, P, Xu, J, Yan, X, Yanez-Mo, M, Yin, H, Yuana, Y, Zappulli, V, Zarubova, J, Zekas, V, Zhang, J-Y, Zhao, Z, Zheng, L, Zheutlin, AR, Zickler, AM, Zimmermann, P, Zivkovic, AM, Zocco, D, and Zuba-Surma, EK
Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Published: 2018

5. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b

Author: Vergani, E, Di Guardo, L, Dugo, M, Rigoletto, S, Tragni, G, Ruggeri, R, Perrone, F, Tamborini, E, Gloghini, A, Arienti, F, Vergani, B, Deho, P, De Cecco, L, Vallacchi, V, Frati, P, Shahaj, E, Villa, A, Santinami, M, De Braud, F, Rivoltini, L, Rodolfo, M, Rodolfo, M., VERGANI, BARBARA, VILLA, ANTONELLO, Vergani, E, Di Guardo, L, Dugo, M, Rigoletto, S, Tragni, G, Ruggeri, R, Perrone, F, Tamborini, E, Gloghini, A, Arienti, F, Vergani, B, Deho, P, De Cecco, L, Vallacchi, V, Frati, P, Shahaj, E, Villa, A, Santinami, M, De Braud, F, Rivoltini, L, Rodolfo, M, Rodolfo, M., VERGANI, BARBARA, and VILLA, ANTONELLO
Abstract: In melanoma, the adaptative cell response to BRAF inhibitors includes altered patterns of cytokine production contributing to tumor progression and drug resistance. Among the factors produced by PLX4032-resistant melanoma cell lines, CCL2 was higher compared to the sensitive parental cell lines and increased upon drug treatment. CCL2 acted as an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells, stimulating the proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In patients, CCL2 is detected in melanoma cells in tumors and in plasma at levels that correlate with tumor burden and lactate dehydrogenase. Vemurafenib treatment increased the CCL2 levels in plasma, whereas the long-term clinical response was associated with low CCL2 levels. Increased CCL2 production was associated with miRNA deregulation in the resistant cells. miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b showed high expression in both resistant cells and in tumor biopsies that were obtained from treated patients, and they were involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of CCL2 and of the selected miRNAs restored both the cell apoptosis and the drug efficacy in resistant melanoma cells. Therefore, CCL2 and miRNAs are potential prognostic factors and attractive targets for counteracting treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma.
Published: 2016

6. Targeting Immune Regulatory Networks to Counteract Immune Suppression in Cancer

Author: Camisaschi C, Vallacchi V, Vergani E, Marcella Tazzari, Ferro S, Tuccitto A, Kuchuk O, Shahaj E, Sulsenti R, Castelli C, Rodolfo M, Rivoltini L, and Huber V

7. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators

Author: Elisabetta Ferrero, Marina Ferrarini, Chiara Gargiuli, Viviana Vallacchi, Michele Del Vecchio, Macarena Gomez Lira, Eriomina Shahaj, Mara Cossa, Elena Tamborini, Barbara Vergani, Luca Lalli, Mario Santinami, Barbara Valeri, Monica Rodolfo, Gianfrancesco Gallino, Simona Frigerio, Veronica Huber, Marialuisa Sensi, Licia Rivoltini, Elisabetta Vergani, Lorenza Di Guardo, Matteo Dugo, Ilaria Mattavelli, Biagio Eugenio Leone, Vergani, E, Dugo, M, Cossa, M, Frigerio, S, Di Guardo, L, Gallino, G, Mattavelli, I, Vergani, B, Lalli, L, Tamborini, E, Valeri, B, Gargiuli, C, Shahaj, E, Ferrarini, M, Ferrero, E, Gomez Lira, M, Huber, V, Vecchio, M, Sensi, M, Leone, B, Santinami, M, Rivoltini, L, Rodolfo, M, and Vallacchi, V
Subjects: Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Drug resistance, Models, Biological, Biochemistry, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, miR-146a-5p, Cell Line, Tumor, microRNA, medicine, Humans, Epigenetics, BRAF/MEK inhibitor, lcsh:QH573-671, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Melanoma, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, 0303 health sciences, Kinase, business.industry, lcsh:Cytology, Research, lcsh:R, NF-kappa B, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene expression profiling, MicroRNAs, Cyclooxygenase 2, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Inflammation Mediators, Melanoma resistance, business, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, COX2, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Background Targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved the survival of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma, but most patients relapse upon the onset of drug resistance induced by mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic events. Among the epigenetic alterations, microRNA perturbation is associated with the development of kinase inhibitor resistance. Here, we identified and studied the role of miR-146a-5p dysregulation in melanoma drug resistance. Methods The miR-146a-5p-regulated NFkB signaling network was identified in drug-resistant cell lines and melanoma tumor samples by expression profiling and knock-in and knock-out studies. A bioinformatic data analysis identified COX2 as a central gene regulated by miR-146a-5p and NFkB. The effects of miR-146a-5p/COX2 manipulation were studied in vitro in cell lines and with 3D cultures of treatment-resistant tumor explants from patients progressing during therapy. Results miR-146a-5p expression was inversely correlated with drug sensitivity and COX2 expression and was reduced in BRAF and MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells and tissues. Forced miR-146a-5p expression reduced COX2 activity and significantly increased drug sensitivity by hampering prosurvival NFkB signaling, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Similar effects were obtained by inhibiting COX2 by celecoxib, a clinically approved COX2 inhibitor. Conclusions Deregulation of the miR-146a-5p/COX2 axis occurs in the development of melanoma resistance to targeted drugs in melanoma patients. This finding reveals novel targets for more effective combination treatment. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2020

8. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author: Théry, Clotilde, Witwer, Kenneth W, Aikawa, Elena, Alcaraz, Maria Jose, Anderson, Johnathon D, Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson, Antoniou, Anna, Arab, Tanina, Archer, Fabienne, Atkin-Smith, Georgia K, Ayre, D Craig, Bach, Jean-Marie, Bachurski, Daniel, Baharvand, Hossein, Balaj, Leonora, Baldacchino, Shawn, Bauer, Natalie N, Baxter, Amy A, Bebawy, Mary, Beckham, Carla, Bedina Zavec, Apolonija, Benmoussa, Abderrahim, Berardi, Anna C, Bergese, Paolo, Bielska, Ewa, Blenkiron, Cherie, Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia, Boilard, Eric, Boireau, Wilfrid, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borràs, Francesc E, Bosch, Steffi, Boulanger, Chantal M, Breakefield, Xandra, Breglio, Andrew M, Brennan, Meadhbh Á, Brigstock, David R, Brisson, Alain, Broekman, Marike Ld, Bromberg, Jacqueline F, Bryl-Górecka, Paulina, Buch, Shilpa, Buck, Amy H, Burger, Dylan, Busatto, Sara, Buschmann, Dominik, Bussolati, Benedetta, Buzás, Edit I, Byrd, James Bryan, Camussi, Giovanni, Carter, David Rf, Caruso, Sarah, Chamley, Lawrence W, Chang, Yu-Ting, Chen, Chihchen, Chen, Shuai, Cheng, Lesley, Chin, Andrew R, Clayton, Aled, Clerici, Stefano P, Cocks, Alex, Cocucci, Emanuele, Coffey, Robert J, Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela, Couch, Yvonne, Coumans, Frank Aw, Coyle, Beth, Crescitelli, Rossella, Criado, Miria Ferreira, D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn, Das, Saumya, Datta Chaudhuri, Amrita, de Candia, Paola, De Santana, Eliezer F, De Wever, Olivier, Del Portillo, Hernando A, Demaret, Tanguy, Deville, Sarah, Devitt, Andrew, Dhondt, Bert, Di Vizio, Dolores, Dieterich, Lothar C, Dolo, Vincenza, Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula, Dominici, Massimo, Dourado, Mauricio R, Driedonks, Tom Ap, Duarte, Filipe V, Duncan, Heather M, Eichenberger, Ramon M, Ekström, Karin, El Andaloussi, Samir, Elie-Caille, Celine, Erdbrügger, Uta, Falcón-Pérez, Juan M, Fatima, Farah, Fish, Jason E, Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Försönits, András, Frelet-Barrand, Annie, Fricke, Fabia, Fuhrmann, Gregor, Gabrielsson, Susanne, Gámez-Valero, Ana, Gardiner, Chris, Gärtner, Kathrin, Gaudin, Raphael, Gho, Yong Song, Giebel, Bernd, Gilbert, Caroline, Gimona, Mario, Giusti, Ilaria, Goberdhan, Deborah Ci, Görgens, André, Gorski, Sharon M, Greening, David W, Gross, Julia Christina, Gualerzi, Alice, Gupta, Gopal N, Gustafson, Dakota, Handberg, Aase, Haraszti, Reka A, Harrison, Paul, Hegyesi, Hargita, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew F, Hochberg, Fred H, Hoffmann, Karl F, Holder, Beth, Holthofer, Harry, Hosseinkhani, Baharak, Hu, Guoku, Huang, Yiyao, Huber, Veronica, Hunt, Stuart, Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin, Ikezu, Tsuneya, Inal, Jameel M, Isin, Mustafa, Ivanova, Alena, Jackson, Hannah K, Jacobsen, Soren, Jay, Steven M, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jenster, Guido, Jiang, Lanzhou, Johnson, Suzanne M, Jones, Jennifer C, Jong, Ambrose, Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jung, Stephanie, Kalluri, Raghu, Kano, Shin-Ichi, Kaur, Sukhbir, Kawamura, Yumi, Keller, Evan T, Khamari, Delaram, Khomyakova, Elena, Khvorova, Anastasia, Kierulf, Peter, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kislinger, Thomas, Klingeborn, Mikael, Klinke, David J, Kornek, Miroslaw, Kosanović, Maja M, Kovács, Árpád Ferenc, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Krasemann, Susanne, Krause, Mirja, Kurochkin, Igor V, Kusuma, Gina D, Kuypers, Sören, Laitinen, Saara, Langevin, Scott M, Languino, Lucia R, Lannigan, Joanne, Lässer, Cecilia, Laurent, Louise C, Lavieu, Gregory, Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa, Le Lay, Soazig, Lee, Myung-Shin, Lee, Yi Xin Fiona, Lemos, Debora S, Lenassi, Metka, Leszczynska, Aleksandra, Li, Isaac Ts, Liao, Ke, Libregts, Sten F, Ligeti, Erzsebet, Lim, Rebecca, Lim, Sai Kiang, Linē, Aija, Linnemannstöns, Karen, Llorente, Alicia, Lombard, Catherine A, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lörincz, Ákos M, Lötvall, Jan, Lovett, Jason, Lowry, Michelle C, Loyer, Xavier, Lu, Quan, Lukomska, Barbara, Lunavat, Taral R, Maas, Sybren Ln, Malhi, Harmeet, Marcilla, Antonio, Mariani, Jacopo, Mariscal, Javier, Martens-Uzunova, Elena S, Martin-Jaular, Lorena, Martinez, M Carmen, Martins, Vilma Regina, Mathieu, Mathilde, Mathivanan, Suresh, Maugeri, Marco, McGinnis, Lynda K, McVey, Mark J, Meckes, David G, Meehan, Katie L, Mertens, Inge, Minciacchi, Valentina R, Möller, Andreas, Møller Jørgensen, Malene, Morales-Kastresana, Aizea, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, François, Muraca, Maurizio, Musante, Luca, Mussack, Veronika, Muth, Dillon C, Myburgh, Kathryn H, Najrana, Tanbir, Nawaz, Muhammad, Nazarenko, Irina, Nejsum, Peter, Neri, Christian, Neri, Tommaso, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nimrichter, Leonardo, Nolan, John P, Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther NM, Noren Hooten, Nicole, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, O'Grady, Tina, O'Loghlen, Ana, Ochiya, Takahiro, Olivier, Martin, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Luis A, Osteikoetxea, Xabier, Østergaard, Ole, Ostrowski, Matias, Park, Jaesung, Pegtel, D Michiel, Peinado, Hector, Perut, Francesca, Pfaffl, Michael W, Phinney, Donald G, Pieters, Bartijn Ch, Pink, Ryan C, Pisetsky, David S, Pogge von Strandmann, Elke, Polakovicova, Iva, Poon, Ivan Kh, Powell, Bonita H, Prada, Ilaria, Pulliam, Lynn, Quesenberry, Peter, Radeghieri, Annalisa, Raffai, Robert L, Raimondo, Stefania, Rak, Janusz, Ramirez, Marcel I, Raposo, Graça, Rayyan, Morsi S, Regev-Rudzki, Neta, Ricklefs, Franz L, Robbins, Paul D, Roberts, David D, Rodrigues, Silvia C, Rohde, Eva, Rome, Sophie, Rouschop, Kasper Ma, Rughetti, Aurelia, Russell, Ashley E, Saá, Paula, Sahoo, Susmita, Salas-Huenuleo, Edison, Sánchez, Catherine, Saugstad, Julie A, Saul, Meike J, Schiffelers, Raymond M, Schneider, Raphael, Schøyen, Tine Hiorth, Scott, Aaron, Shahaj, Eriomina, Sharma, Shivani, Shatnyeva, Olga, Shekari, Faezeh, Shelke, Ganesh Vilas, Shetty, Ashok K, Shiba, Kiyotaka, Siljander, Pia R-M, Silva, Andreia M, Skowronek, Agata, Snyder, Orman L, Soares, Rodrigo Pedro, Sódar, Barbara W, Soekmadji, Carolina, Sotillo, Javier, Stahl, Philip D, Stoorvogel, Willem, Stott, Shannon L, Strasser, Erwin F, Swift, Simon, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Tewari, Muneesh, Timms, Kate, Tiwari, Swasti, Tixeira, Rochelle, Tkach, Mercedes, Toh, Wei Seong, Tomasini, Richard, Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Tosar, Juan Pablo, Toxavidis, Vasilis, Urbanelli, Lorena, Vader, Pieter, van Balkom, Bas Wm, van der Grein, Susanne G, Van Deun, Jan, van Herwijnen, Martijn Jc, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, van Niel, Guillaume, van Royen, Martin E, van Wijnen, Andre J, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vechetti, Ivan J, Veit, Tiago D, Vella, Laura J, Velot, Émilie, Verweij, Frederik J, Vestad, Beate, Viñas, Jose L, Visnovitz, Tamás, Vukman, Krisztina V, Wahlgren, Jessica, Watson, Dionysios C, Wauben, Marca Hm, Weaver, Alissa, Webber, Jason P, Weber, Viktoria, Wehman, Ann M, Weiss, Daniel J, Welsh, Joshua A, Wendt, Sebastian, Wheelock, Asa M, Wiener, Zoltán, Witte, Leonie, Wolfram, Joy, Xagorari, Angeliki, Xander, Patricia, Xu, Jing, Yan, Xiaomei, Yáñez-Mó, María, Yin, Hang, Yuana, Yuana, Zappulli, Valentina, Zarubova, Jana, Žėkas, Vytautas, Zhang, Jian-Ye, Zhao, Zezhou, Zheng, Lei, Zheutlin, Alexander R, Zickler, Antje M, Zimmermann, Pascale, Zivkovic, Angela M, Zocco, Davide, Zuba-Surma, Ewa K, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Celbiologie, Afd Pharmaceutics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Afd Pharmacology, Urology, Pathology, Medical Oncology, Immunité et cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire [Nantes] (IECM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of chemitry, Slovenia, Biologie, génétique et thérapies ostéoarticulaires et respiratoires (BIOTARGEN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IECM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University (JCU), Department of Oncology - Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska [Karolinska Institutet] (CCK), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults [Modena, Italy] (Laboratory of Cellular Therapy), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Partner site Munich, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Psychiatry, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology [Helsinki], Haartman Institute [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, University of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Glycobiologie et signalisation cellulaire, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg (GU), Universidad de Alicante, École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Créteil (UPEC ESPE Créteil), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Antwerp (UA), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Department of Veterinary Disease Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Biologie et Pathologie du Neurone (Brain-C), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris (EIVP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires (CDC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Toronto, Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou [Belo Horizonte, Brésil], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Functional Genomics / Genómica Funcional [Montevideo], Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Hospital Santa Cristina Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa C, Unidad de Investigación, Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, University of Vermont [Burlington], Peking University [Beijing], Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Taipa, Macau SAR, (Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences), Human Genetics, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], INSERM, Institut Curie, INCa [INCA-11548], French National Research Agency [ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, ANR-11-LABX-0043], SIDACTION [17-1-AAE-1138], Fondation ARC [PGA1 RF20180206962, PJA 20171206453], NIDA [DA040385, DA047807], Ministry of Education, NIA [AG057430], NIMH [MH118164], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital de la Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), ANR-17-CE09-0025,MADNESS,Une approche microfluidique générique pour la qualification des nanoparticules biologiques(2017), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ACS - Microcirculation, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, Radiotherapie, RS: GROW - R2 - Basic and Translational Cancer Biology, Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Universidade do Porto, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toronto [Canada], Institut Curie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U1192 (PRISM), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), FEMTO-ST Institute, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-CNRS : UMR6174, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz (JGU), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Functional Genomics Unit, Institut Curie-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Vermont College of Medicine [Burlington, VT, USA], Extracellular Vesicles, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Thery, C., Witwer, K. W., Aikawa, E., Alcaraz, M. J., Anderson, J. D., Andriantsitohaina, R., Antoniou, A., Arab, T., Archer, F., Atkin-Smith, G. K., Ayre, D. C., Bach, J. -M., Bachurski, D., Baharvand, H., Balaj, L., Baldacchino, S., Bauer, N. N., Baxter, A. A., Bebawy, M., Beckham, C., Bedina Zavec, A., Benmoussa, A., Berardi, A. C., Bergese, P., Bielska, E., Blenkiron, C., Bobis-Wozowicz, S., Boilard, E., Boireau, W., Bongiovanni, A., Borras, F. E., Bosch, S., Boulanger, C. M., Breakefield, X., Breglio, A. M., Brennan, M. A., Brigstock, D. R., Brisson, A., Broekman, M. L. D., Bromberg, J. F., Bryl-Gorecka, P., Buch, S., Buck, A. H., Burger, D., Busatto, S., Buschmann, D., Bussolati, B., Buzas, E. I., Byrd, J. B., Camussi, G., Carter, D. R. F., Caruso, S., Chamley, L. W., Chang, Y. -T., Chaudhuri, A. D., Chen, C., Chen, S., Cheng, L., Chin, A. R., Clayton, A., Clerici, S. P., Cocks, A., Cocucci, E., Coffey, R. J., Cordeiro-da-Silva, A., Couch, Y., Coumans, F. A. W., Coyle, B., Crescitelli, R., Criado, M. F., D'Souza-Schorey, C., Das, S., de Candia, P., De Santana, E. F., De Wever, O., del Portillo, H. A., Demaret, T., Deville, S., Devitt, A., Dhondt, B., Di Vizio, D., Dieterich, L. C., Dolo, V., Dominguez Rubio, A. P., Dominici, M., Dourado, M. R., Driedonks, T. A. P., Duarte, F. V., Duncan, H. M., Eichenberger, R. M., Ekstrom, K., EL Andaloussi, S., Elie-Caille, C., Erdbrugger, U., Falcon-Perez, J. M., Fatima, F., Fish, J. E., Flores-Bellver, M., Forsonits, A., Frelet-Barrand, A., Fricke, F., Fuhrmann, G., Gabrielsson, S., Gamez-Valero, A., Gardiner, C., Gartner, K., Gaudin, R., Gho, Y. S., Giebel, B., Gilbert, C., Gimona, M., Giusti, I., Goberdhan, D. C. I., Gorgens, A., Gorski, S. M., Greening, D. W., Gross, J. C., Gualerzi, A., Gupta, G. N., Gustafson, D., Handberg, A., Haraszti, R. A., Harrison, P., Hegyesi, H., Hendrix, A., Hill, A. F., Hochberg, F. H., Hoffmann, K. F., Holder, B., Holthofer, H., Hosseinkhani, B., Hu, G., Huang, Y., Huber, V., Hunt, S., Ibrahim, A. G. -E., Ikezu, T., Inal, J. M., Isin, M., Ivanova, A., Jackson, H. K., Jacobsen, S., Jay, S. M., Jayachandran, M., Jenster, G., Jiang, L., Johnson, S. M., Jones, J. C., Jong, A., Jovanovic-Talisman, T., Jung, S., Kalluri, R., Kano, S. -I., Kaur, S., Kawamura, Y., Keller, E. T., Khamari, D., Khomyakova, E., Khvorova, A., Kierulf, P., Kim, K. P., Kislinger, T., Klingeborn, M., Klinke, D. J., Kornek, M., Kosanovic, M. M., Kovacs, A. F., Kramer-Albers, E. -M., Krasemann, S., Krause, M., Kurochkin, I. V., Kusuma, G. D., Kuypers, S., Laitinen, S., Langevin, S. M., Languino, L. R., Lannigan, J., Lasser, C., Laurent, L. C., Lavieu, G., Lazaro-Ibanez, E., Le Lay, S., Lee, M. -S., Lee, Y. X. F., Lemos, D. S., Lenassi, M., Leszczynska, A., Li, I. T. S., Liao, K., Libregts, S. F., Ligeti, E., Lim, R., Lim, S. K., Line, A., Linnemannstons, K., Llorente, A., Lombard, C. A., Lorenowicz, M. J., Lorincz, A. M., Lotvall, J., Lovett, J., Lowry, M. C., Loyer, X., Lu, Q., Lukomska, B., Lunavat, T. R., Maas, S. L. N., Malhi, H., Marcilla, A., Mariani, J., Mariscal, J., Martens-Uzunova, E. S., Martin-Jaular, L., Martinez, M. C., Martins, V. R., Mathieu, M., Mathivanan, S., Maugeri, M., Mcginnis, L. K., Mcvey, M. J., Meckes, D. G., Meehan, K. L., Mertens, I., Minciacchi, V. R., Moller, A., Moller Jorgensen, M., Morales-Kastresana, A., Morhayim, J., Mullier, F., Muraca, M., Musante, L., Mussack, V., Muth, D. C., Myburgh, K. H., Najrana, T., Nawaz, M., Nazarenko, I., Nejsum, P., Neri, C., Neri, T., Nieuwland, R., Nimrichter, L., Nolan, J. P., Nolte-'t Hoen, E. N. M., Noren Hooten, N., O'Driscoll, L., O'Grady, T., O'Loghlen, A., Ochiya, T., Olivier, M., Ortiz, A., Ortiz, L. A., Osteikoetxea, X., Ostegaard, O., Ostrowski, M., Park, J., Pegtel, D. M., Peinado, H., Perut, F., Pfaffl, M. W., Phinney, D. G., Pieters, B. C. H., Pink, R. C., Pisetsky, D. S., Pogge von Strandmann, E., Polakovicova, I., Poon, I. K. H., Powell, B. H., Prada, I., Pulliam, L., Quesenberry, P., Radeghieri, A., Raffai, R. L., Raimondo, S., Rak, J., Ramirez, M. I., Raposo, G., Rayyan, M. S., Regev-Rudzki, N., Ricklefs, F. L., Robbins, P. D., Roberts, D. D., Rodrigues, S. C., Rohde, E., Rome, S., Rouschop, K. M. A., Rughetti, A., Russell, A. E., Saa, P., Sahoo, S., Salas-Huenuleo, E., Sanchez, C., Saugstad, J. A., Saul, M. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Schneider, R., Schoyen, T. H., Scott, A., Shahaj, E., Sharma, S., Shatnyeva, O., Shekari, F., Shelke, G. V., Shetty, A. K., Shiba, K., Siljander, P. R. -M., Silva, A. M., Skowronek, A., Snyder, O. L., Soares, R. P., Sodar, B. W., Soekmadji, C., Sotillo, J., Stahl, P. D., Stoorvogel, W., Stott, S. L., Strasser, E. F., Swift, S., Tahara, H., Tewari, M., Timms, K., Tiwari, S., Tixeira, R., Tkach, M., Toh, W. S., Tomasini, R., Torrecilhas, A. C., Tosar, J. P., Toxavidis, V., Urbanelli, L., Vader, P., van Balkom, B. W. M., van der Grein, S. G., Van Deun, J., van Herwijnen, M. J. C., Van Keuren-Jensen, K., van Niel, G., van Royen, M. E., van Wijnen, A. J., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vechetti, I. J., Veit, T. D., Vella, L. J., Velot, E., Verweij, F. J., Vestad, B., Vinas, J. L., Visnovitz, T., Vukman, K. V., Wahlgren, J., Watson, D. C., Wauben, M. H. M., Weaver, A., Webber, J. P., Weber, V., Wehman, A. M., Weiss, D. J., Welsh, J. A., Wendt, S., Wheelock, A. M., Wiener, Z., Witte, L., Wolfram, J., Xagorari, A., Xander, P., Xu, J., Yan, X., Yanez-Mo, M., Yin, H., Yuana, Y., Zappulli, V., Zarubova, J., Zekas, V., Zhang, J. -Y., Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., Zheutlin, A. R., Zickler, A. M., Zimmermann, P., Zivkovic, A. M., Zocco, D., Zuba-Surma, E. K., dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Celbiologie, Afd Pharmaceutics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Afd Pharmacology, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms
Subjects: ectosome, ectosomes, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, guidelines, microparticles, microvesicles, minimal information requirements, reproducibility, rigor, standardization, Histology, Cell Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], size-exclusion, Medicine and Health Sciences, CELL-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES, FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION, requirements, circulating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, lcsh:Cytology, PROSTATE-CANCER, microparticle, Cell interaction, microvesicle, chromatography, Position Paper, guideline, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, ectosomes, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, guidelines, microparticles, microvesicles, minimal information requirements, reproducibility, rigor, standardization, MEMBRANE-VESICLES, FETAL BOVINE, Ectosomes, Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles, Guidelines, Microparticles, Microvesicles, Minimal Information Requirements, Reproducibility, Rigor, Standardization, CIRCULATING MICROPARTICLES, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, ddc:570, exosome, SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE, ddc:610, lcsh:QH573-671, Biology, Interacció cel·lular, Science & Technology, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Cell membranes, HUMAN URINARY EXOSOMES, PREANALYTICAL PARAMETERS, minimal information requirement, SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, extracellular vesicle, Human medicine, Membranes cel·lulars
Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Published: 2018

9. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b

Author: Viviana Vallacchi, Flavio Arienti, Elena Tamborini, Monica Rodolfo, Paola Frati, Elisabetta Vergani, Paola Deho, Filippo de Braud, Licia Rivoltini, Loris De Cecco, Barbara Vergani, Federica Perrone, Mario Santinami, Roberta Ruggeri, Gabrina Tragni, Antonello Villa, Lorenza Di Guardo, Annunziata Gloghini, Matteo Dugo, Sara Rigoletto, Eriomina Shahaj, Vergani, E, Di Guardo, L, Dugo, M, Rigoletto, S, Tragni, G, Ruggeri, R, Perrone, F, Tamborini, E, Gloghini, A, Arienti, F, Vergani, B, Deho, P, De Cecco, L, Vallacchi, V, Frati, P, Shahaj, E, Villa, A, Santinami, M, De Braud, F, Rivoltini, L, and Rodolfo, M
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Indoles, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug resistance, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Medicine, Vemurafenib, Chemokine CCL2, Sulfonamides, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, Cytokine, Oncology, miRNAs, Female, MiRNA, CCL2, medicine.drug, Research Paper, Adult, BRAF inhibitor, Blotting, Western, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, microRNA, melanoma, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, drug resistance, business.industry, Cell growth, Gene Expression Profiling, medicine.disease, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, Apoptosis, Tumor progression, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Cancer research, business
Abstract: In melanoma, the adaptative cell response to BRAF inhibitors includes altered patterns of cytokine production contributing to tumor progression and drug resistance. Among the factors produced by PLX4032-resistant melanoma cell lines, CCL2 was higher compared to the sensitive parental cell lines and increased upon drug treatment. CCL2 acted as an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells, stimulating the proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In patients, CCL2 is detected in melanoma cells in tumors and in plasma at levels that correlate with tumor burden and lactate dehydrogenase. Vemurafenib treatment increased the CCL2 levels in plasma, whereas the long-term clinical response was associated with low CCL2 levels. Increased CCL2 production was associated with miRNA deregulation in the resistant cells. miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b showed high expression in both resistant cells and in tumor biopsies that were obtained from treated patients, and they were involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of CCL2 and of the selected miRNAs restored both the cell apoptosis and the drug efficacy in resistant melanoma cells. Therefore, CCL2 and miRNAs are potential prognostic factors and attractive targets for counteracting treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma.
Published: 2015

10. Tissue-resident memory T cells in epicardial adipose tissue comprise transcriptionally distinct subsets that are modulated in atrial fibrillation.

Author: Vyas V, Sandhar B, Keane JM, Wood EG, Blythe H, Jones A, Shahaj E, Fanti S, Williams J, Metic N, Efremova M, Ng HL, Nageswaran G, Byrne S, Feldhahn N, Marelli-Berg F, Chain B, Tinker A, Finlay MC, and Longhi MP
Subjects: Humans, Male, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Transcriptome, Myocytes, Cardiac metabolism, Myocytes, Cardiac pathology, Myocytes, Cardiac immunology, Female, Middle Aged, Gene Expression Profiling, Aged, Phenotype, Calcium Signaling, Apoptosis, Immunologic Memory, Transcription, Genetic, Case-Control Studies, Heart Atria pathology, Heart Atria immunology, Heart Atria metabolism, Fibrosis pathology, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Atrial Fibrillation immunology, Atrial Fibrillation genetics, Atrial Fibrillation pathology, Atrial Fibrillation metabolism, Pericardium metabolism, Pericardium pathology, Pericardium immunology, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adipose Tissue immunology, Adipose Tissue pathology, Memory T Cells immunology, Memory T Cells metabolism
Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and carries an increased risk of stroke and heart failure. Here we investigated how the immune infiltrate of human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), which directly overlies the myocardium, contributes to AF. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an enrichment of tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells in patients with AF. Cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing identified two transcriptionally distinct CD8 + T RM cells that are modulated in AF. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of EAT and atrial tissue identified the border region between the tissues to be a region of intense inflammatory and fibrotic activity, and the addition of T RM populations to atrial cardiomyocytes demonstrated their ability to differentially alter calcium flux as well as activate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. This study identified EAT as a reservoir of T RM cells that can directly modulate vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmia., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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11. Circulating c-Met-Expressing Memory T Cells Define Cardiac Autoimmunity.

Author: Fanti S, Stephenson E, Rocha-Vieira E, Protonotarios A, Kanoni S, Shahaj E, Longhi MP, Vyas VS, Dyer C, Pontarini E, Asimaki A, Bueno-Beti C, De Gaspari M, Rizzo S, Basso C, Bombardieri M, Coe D, Wang G, Harding D, Gallagher I, Solito E, Elliott P, Heymans S, Sikking M, Savvatis K, Mohiddin SA, and Marelli-Berg FM
Subjects: Humans, Mice, Animals, Autoimmunity, Memory T Cells, Myocardium, Cardiac Myosins, Inflammation complications, Myocarditis etiology, Cardiomyopathies complications, Autoimmune Diseases
Abstract: Background: Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a key contributing factor in heart muscle diseases. The functional features of cardiac autoimmunity in humans remain undefined because of the challenge of studying immune responses in situ. We previously described a subset of c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-expressing (c-Met + ) memory T lymphocytes that preferentially migrate to cardiac tissue in mice and humans., Methods: In-depth phenotyping of peripheral blood T cells, including c-Met + T cells, was undertaken in groups of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory cardiomyopathies, patients with noncardiac autoimmunity, and healthy controls. Validation studies were carried out using human cardiac tissue and in an experimental model of cardiac inflammation., Results: We show that c-Met + T cells are selectively increased in the circulation and in the myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies. The phenotype and function of c-Met + T cells are distinct from those of c-Met-negative (c-Met - ) T cells, including preferential proliferation to cardiac myosin and coproduction of multiple cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-17, and interleukin-22). Furthermore, circulating c-Met + T cell subpopulations in different heart muscle diseases identify distinct and overlapping mechanisms of heart inflammation. In experimental autoimmune myocarditis, elevations in autoantigen-specific c-Met + T cells in peripheral blood mark the loss of immune tolerance to the heart. Disease development can be halted by pharmacologic c-Met inhibition, indicating a causative role for c-Met + T cells., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the detection of circulating c-Met + T cells may have use in the diagnosis and monitoring of adaptive cardiac inflammation and definition of new targets for therapeutic intervention when cardiac autoimmunity causes or contributes to progressive cardiac injury.
Published: 2022
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12. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators.

Author: Vergani E, Dugo M, Cossa M, Frigerio S, Di Guardo L, Gallino G, Mattavelli I, Vergani B, Lalli L, Tamborini E, Valeri B, Gargiuli C, Shahaj E, Ferrarini M, Ferrero E, Gomez Lira M, Huber V, Del Vecchio M, Sensi M, Leone BE, Santinami M, Rivoltini L, Rodolfo M, and Vallacchi V
Subjects: Cell Line, Tumor, Cyclooxygenase 2 genetics, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Humans, Melanoma pathology, MicroRNAs genetics, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases metabolism, Models, Biological, Protein Kinase Inhibitors pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Signal Transduction drug effects, Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm drug effects, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Melanoma drug therapy, Melanoma genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, NF-kappa B metabolism, Protein Kinase Inhibitors therapeutic use
Abstract: Background: Targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors has improved the survival of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma, but most patients relapse upon the onset of drug resistance induced by mechanisms including genetic and epigenetic events. Among the epigenetic alterations, microRNA perturbation is associated with the development of kinase inhibitor resistance. Here, we identified and studied the role of miR-146a-5p dysregulation in melanoma drug resistance., Methods: The miR-146a-5p-regulated NFkB signaling network was identified in drug-resistant cell lines and melanoma tumor samples by expression profiling and knock-in and knock-out studies. A bioinformatic data analysis identified COX2 as a central gene regulated by miR-146a-5p and NFkB. The effects of miR-146a-5p/COX2 manipulation were studied in vitro in cell lines and with 3D cultures of treatment-resistant tumor explants from patients progressing during therapy., Results: miR-146a-5p expression was inversely correlated with drug sensitivity and COX2 expression and was reduced in BRAF and MEK inhibitor-resistant melanoma cells and tissues. Forced miR-146a-5p expression reduced COX2 activity and significantly increased drug sensitivity by hampering prosurvival NFkB signaling, leading to reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Similar effects were obtained by inhibiting COX2 by celecoxib, a clinically approved COX2 inhibitor., Conclusions: Deregulation of the miR-146a-5p/COX2 axis occurs in the development of melanoma resistance to targeted drugs in melanoma patients. This finding reveals novel targets for more effective combination treatment. Video Abstract.
Published: 2020
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13. microRNAs Shape Myeloid Cell-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy.

Author: Daveri E, Vergani E, Shahaj E, Bergamaschi L, La Magra S, Dosi M, Castelli C, Rodolfo M, Rivoltini L, Vallacchi V, and Huber V
Subjects: Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Humans, Immunomodulation genetics, Immunosuppression Therapy, Immunotherapy, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells immunology, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms therapy, Tumor Escape immunology, MicroRNAs genetics, Myeloid Cells immunology, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms immunology
Abstract: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors can achieve long-term tumor control in subsets of patients. However, its effect can be blunted by myeloid-induced resistance mechanisms. Myeloid cells are highly plastic and physiologically devoted to wound healing and to immune homeostasis maintenance. In cancer, their physiological activities can be modulated, leading to an expansion of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells, the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), with detrimental consequences. The involvement of MDSCs in tumor development and progression has been widely investigated and MDSC-induced immunosuppression is acknowledged as a mechanism hindering effective immune checkpoint blockade. Small non-coding RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRs), contribute to myeloid cell regulation at different levels, comprising metabolism and function, as well as their skewing to a MDSC phenotype. miR expression can be indirectly induced by cancer-derived factors or through direct miR import via extracellular vesicles. Due to their structural stability and their presence in body fluids miRs represent promising predictive biomarkers of resistance, as we recently found by investigating plasma samples of melanoma patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade. Dissection of the miR-driven involved mechanisms would pave the way for the identification of new druggable targets. Here, we discuss the role of these miRs in shaping myeloid resistance to immunotherapy with a special focus on immunosuppression and immune escape., (Copyright © 2020 Daveri, Vergani, Shahaj, Bergamaschi, La Magra, Dosi, Castelli, Rodolfo, Rivoltini, Vallacchi and Huber.)
Published: 2020
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14. Natural-Killer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immune Sensors and Interactors.

Author: Federici C, Shahaj E, Cecchetti S, Camerini S, Casella M, Iessi E, Camisaschi C, Paolino G, Calvieri S, Ferro S, Cova A, Squarcina P, Bertuccini L, Iosi F, Huber V, and Lugini L
Subjects: CD56 Antigen metabolism, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport metabolism, Humans, Immunologic Surveillance, Immunomodulation, Melanoma diagnosis, Monitoring, Immunologic, NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K metabolism, Protein Interaction Maps, Proteomics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Extracellular Vesicles pathology, Immunoassay methods, Killer Cells, Natural pathology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Melanoma immunology
Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to immunosurveillance and first-line defense in the control of tumor growth and metastasis diffusion. NK-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (NKEVs) are constitutively secreted and biologically active. They reflect the protein and genetic repertoire of originating cells, and exert antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo . Cancer can compromise NK cell functions, a status potentially reflected by their extracellular vesicles. Hence, NKEVs could, on the one hand, contribute to improve cancer therapy by interacting with tumor and/or immune cells and on the other hand, sense the actual NK cell status in cancer patients. Here, we investigated the composition of healthy donors' NKEVs, including NK microvesicles and exosomes, and their interaction with uncompromised cells of the immune system. To sense the systemic NK cell status in cancer patients, we developed an immune enzymatic test (NKExoELISA) that measures plasma NK-cell-derived exosomes, captured as tsg101 + CD56 + nanovesicles. NKEV mass spectrometry and cytokine analysis showed the expression of NK cell markers, i.e., NKG2D and CD94, perforin, granzymes, CD40L, and other molecules involved in cytotoxicity, homing, cell adhesion, and immune activation, together with EV markers tsg101, CD81, CD63, and CD9 in both NK-derived exosomes and microvesicles. Data are available via Proteome Xchange with identifier PXD014894. Immunomodulation studies revealed that NKEVs displayed main stimulatory functions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inducing the expression of human leukocyte antigen DR isotype (HLA-DR) and costimulatory molecules on monocytes and CD25 expression on T cells, which was maintained in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin (IL)-10/transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), respectively. Furthermore, NKEVs increased the CD56 + NK cell fraction, suggesting that effects mediated by NKEVs might be potentially exploited in support of cancer therapy. The measurement of circulating NK exosomes in the plasma of melanoma patients and healthy donors evidenced lower levels of tsg101 + CD56 + exosomes in patients with respect to donors. Likewise, we detected lower frequencies of NK cells in PBMCs of these patients. These data highlight the potential of NKExoELISA to sense alterations of the NK cell immune status., (Copyright © 2020 Federici, Shahaj, Cecchetti, Camerini, Casella, Iessi, Camisaschi, Paolino, Calvieri, Ferro, Cova, Squarcina, Bertuccini, Iosi, Huber and Lugini.)
Published: 2020
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15. Immunosuppressive circuits in tumor microenvironment and their influence on cancer treatment efficacy.

Author: Tuccitto A, Shahaj E, Vergani E, Ferro S, Huber V, Rodolfo M, Castelli C, Rivoltini L, and Vallacchi V
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Immunotherapy methods, Neoplasms immunology, Tumor Escape immunology, Tumor Microenvironment immunology
Abstract: It has been for long conceived that hallmarks of cancer were intrinsic genetic features driving tumor development, proliferation, and progression, and that targeting such cell-autonomous pathways could be sufficient to achieve therapeutic cancer control. Clinical ex vivo data demonstrated that treatment efficacy often relied on the contribution of host immune responses, hence introducing the concept of tumor microenvironment (TME), namely the existence, along with tumor cells, of non-tumor components that could significantly influence tumor growth and survival. Among the complex network of TME-driving forces, immunity plays a key role and the balance between antitumor and protumor immune responses is a major driver in contrasting or promoting cancer spreading. TME is usually a very immunosuppressed milieu because of a vast array of local alterations contrasting antitumor adaptive immunity, where metabolic changes contribute to cancer dissemination by impairing T cell infiltration and favoring the accrual and activation of regulatory cells. Subcellular structures known as extracellular vesicles then help spreading immunosuppression at systemic levels by distributing genetic and protein tumor repertoire in distant tissues. A major improvement in the knowledge of TME is now pointing the attention back to tumor cells; indeed, recent findings are showing how oncogenic pathways and specific mutations in tumor cells can actually dictate the nature and the function of immune infiltrate. As our information on the reciprocal interactions regulating TME increases, finding a strategy to interfere with TME crosstalk becomes more complex and challenging. Nevertheless, TME interactions represent a promising field for the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improving treatment efficacy in cancer.
Published: 2019
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16. Tumor-derived microRNAs induce myeloid suppressor cells and predict immunotherapy resistance in melanoma.

Author: Huber V, Vallacchi V, Fleming V, Hu X, Cova A, Dugo M, Shahaj E, Sulsenti R, Vergani E, Filipazzi P, De Laurentiis A, Lalli L, Di Guardo L, Patuzzo R, Vergani B, Casiraghi E, Cossa M, Gualeni A, Bollati V, Arienti F, De Braud F, Mariani L, Villa A, Altevogt P, Umansky V, Rodolfo M, and Rivoltini L
Subjects: Animals, Female, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear pathology, Male, Melanoma, Experimental pathology, Melanoma, Experimental therapy, Mice, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells pathology, Immunotherapy, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Melanoma, Experimental immunology, MicroRNAs metabolism, Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells immunology, RNA, Neoplasm immunology
Abstract: The accrual of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represents a major obstacle to effective immunotherapy in cancer patients, but the mechanisms underlying this process in the human setting remain elusive. Here, we describe a set of microRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, miR-125b, miR-100, let-7e, miR-125a, miR-146b, miR-99b) that are associated with MDSCs and resistance to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma patients. The miRs were identified by transcriptional analyses as being responsible for the conversion of monocytes into MDSCs (CD14+HLA-DRneg cells) mediated by melanoma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and were shown to recreate MDSC features upon transfection. In melanoma patients, these miRs were increased in circulating CD14+ monocytes, plasma, and tumor samples, where they correlated with the myeloid cell infiltrate. In plasma, their baseline levels clustered with the clinical efficacy of CTLA-4 or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. Hence, MDSC-related miRs represent an indicator of MDSC activity in cancer patients and a potential blood marker of a poor immunotherapy outcome.
Published: 2018
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17. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines.

Author: Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, Antoniou A, Arab T, Archer F, Atkin-Smith GK, Ayre DC, Bach JM, Bachurski D, Baharvand H, Balaj L, Baldacchino S, Bauer NN, Baxter AA, Bebawy M, Beckham C, Bedina Zavec A, Benmoussa A, Berardi AC, Bergese P, Bielska E, Blenkiron C, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Boilard E, Boireau W, Bongiovanni A, Borràs FE, Bosch S, Boulanger CM, Breakefield X, Breglio AM, Brennan MÁ, Brigstock DR, Brisson A, Broekman ML, Bromberg JF, Bryl-Górecka P, Buch S, Buck AH, Burger D, Busatto S, Buschmann D, Bussolati B, Buzás EI, Byrd JB, Camussi G, Carter DR, Caruso S, Chamley LW, Chang YT, Chen C, Chen S, Cheng L, Chin AR, Clayton A, Clerici SP, Cocks A, Cocucci E, Coffey RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Couch Y, Coumans FA, Coyle B, Crescitelli R, Criado MF, D'Souza-Schorey C, Das S, Datta Chaudhuri A, de Candia P, De Santana EF, De Wever O, Del Portillo HA, Demaret T, Deville S, Devitt A, Dhondt B, Di Vizio D, Dieterich LC, Dolo V, Dominguez Rubio AP, Dominici M, Dourado MR, Driedonks TA, Duarte FV, Duncan HM, Eichenberger RM, Ekström K, El Andaloussi S, Elie-Caille C, Erdbrügger U, Falcón-Pérez JM, Fatima F, Fish JE, Flores-Bellver M, Försönits A, Frelet-Barrand A, Fricke F, Fuhrmann G, Gabrielsson S, Gámez-Valero A, Gardiner C, Gärtner K, Gaudin R, Gho YS, Giebel B, Gilbert C, Gimona M, Giusti I, Goberdhan DC, Görgens A, Gorski SM, Greening DW, Gross JC, Gualerzi A, Gupta GN, Gustafson D, Handberg A, Haraszti RA, Harrison P, Hegyesi H, Hendrix A, Hill AF, Hochberg FH, Hoffmann KF, Holder B, Holthofer H, Hosseinkhani B, Hu G, Huang Y, Huber V, Hunt S, Ibrahim AG, Ikezu T, Inal JM, Isin M, Ivanova A, Jackson HK, Jacobsen S, Jay SM, Jayachandran M, Jenster G, Jiang L, Johnson SM, Jones JC, Jong A, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Jung S, Kalluri R, Kano SI, Kaur S, Kawamura Y, Keller ET, Khamari D, Khomyakova E, Khvorova A, Kierulf P, Kim KP, Kislinger T, Klingeborn M, Klinke DJ 2nd, Kornek M, Kosanović MM, Kovács ÁF, Krämer-Albers EM, Krasemann S, Krause M, Kurochkin IV, Kusuma GD, Kuypers S, Laitinen S, Langevin SM, Languino LR, Lannigan J, Lässer C, Laurent LC, Lavieu G, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Le Lay S, Lee MS, Lee YXF, Lemos DS, Lenassi M, Leszczynska A, Li IT, Liao K, Libregts SF, Ligeti E, Lim R, Lim SK, Linē A, Linnemannstöns K, Llorente A, Lombard CA, Lorenowicz MJ, Lörincz ÁM, Lötvall J, Lovett J, Lowry MC, Loyer X, Lu Q, Lukomska B, Lunavat TR, Maas SL, Malhi H, Marcilla A, Mariani J, Mariscal J, Martens-Uzunova ES, Martin-Jaular L, Martinez MC, Martins VR, Mathieu M, Mathivanan S, Maugeri M, McGinnis LK, McVey MJ, Meckes DG Jr, Meehan KL, Mertens I, Minciacchi VR, Möller A, Møller Jørgensen M, Morales-Kastresana A, Morhayim J, Mullier F, Muraca M, Musante L, Mussack V, Muth DC, Myburgh KH, Najrana T, Nawaz M, Nazarenko I, Nejsum P, Neri C, Neri T, Nieuwland R, Nimrichter L, Nolan JP, Nolte-'t Hoen EN, Noren Hooten N, O'Driscoll L, O'Grady T, O'Loghlen A, Ochiya T, Olivier M, Ortiz A, Ortiz LA, Osteikoetxea X, Østergaard O, Ostrowski M, Park J, Pegtel DM, Peinado H, Perut F, Pfaffl MW, Phinney DG, Pieters BC, Pink RC, Pisetsky DS, Pogge von Strandmann E, Polakovicova I, Poon IK, Powell BH, Prada I, Pulliam L, Quesenberry P, Radeghieri A, Raffai RL, Raimondo S, Rak J, Ramirez MI, Raposo G, Rayyan MS, Regev-Rudzki N, Ricklefs FL, Robbins PD, Roberts DD, Rodrigues SC, Rohde E, Rome S, Rouschop KM, Rughetti A, Russell AE, Saá P, Sahoo S, Salas-Huenuleo E, Sánchez C, Saugstad JA, Saul MJ, Schiffelers RM, Schneider R, Schøyen TH, Scott A, Shahaj E, Sharma S, Shatnyeva O, Shekari F, Shelke GV, Shetty AK, Shiba K, Siljander PR, Silva AM, Skowronek A, Snyder OL 2nd, Soares RP, Sódar BW, Soekmadji C, Sotillo J, Stahl PD, Stoorvogel W, Stott SL, Strasser EF, Swift S, Tahara H, Tewari M, Timms K, Tiwari S, Tixeira R, Tkach M, Toh WS, Tomasini R, Torrecilhas AC, Tosar JP, Toxavidis V, Urbanelli L, Vader P, van Balkom BW, van der Grein SG, Van Deun J, van Herwijnen MJ, Van Keuren-Jensen K, van Niel G, van Royen ME, van Wijnen AJ, Vasconcelos MH, Vechetti IJ Jr, Veit TD, Vella LJ, Velot É, Verweij FJ, Vestad B, Viñas JL, Visnovitz T, Vukman KV, Wahlgren J, Watson DC, Wauben MH, Weaver A, Webber JP, Weber V, Wehman AM, Weiss DJ, Welsh JA, Wendt S, Wheelock AM, Wiener Z, Witte L, Wolfram J, Xagorari A, Xander P, Xu J, Yan X, Yáñez-Mó M, Yin H, Yuana Y, Zappulli V, Zarubova J, Žėkas V, Zhang JY, Zhao Z, Zheng L, Zheutlin AR, Zickler AM, Zimmermann P, Zivkovic AM, Zocco D, and Zuba-Surma EK
Abstract: The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.
Published: 2018
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18. Targeting Immune Regulatory Networks to Counteract Immune Suppression in Cancer.

Author: Camisaschi C, Vallacchi V, Vergani E, Tazzari M, Ferro S, Tuccitto A, Kuchuk O, Shahaj E, Sulsenti R, Castelli C, Rodolfo M, Rivoltini L, and Huber V
Abstract: The onset of cancer is unavoidably accompanied by suppression of antitumor immunity. This occurs through mechanisms ranging from the progressive accumulation of regulatory immune cells associated with chronic immune stimulation and inflammation, to the expression of immunosuppressive molecules. Some of them are being successfully exploited as therapeutic targets, with impressive clinical results achieved in patients, as in the case of immune checkpoint inhibitors. To limit immune attack, tumor cells exploit specific pathways to render the tumor microenvironment hostile for antitumor effector cells. Local acidification might, in fact, anergize activated T cells and facilitate the accumulation of immune suppressive cells. Moreover, the release of extracellular vesicles by tumor cells can condition distant immune sites contributing to the onset of systemic immune suppression. Understanding which mechanisms may be prevalent in specific cancers or disease stages, and identifying possible strategies to counterbalance would majorly contribute to improving clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we intend to highlight these mechanisms, how they could be targeted and the tools that might be available in the near future to achieve this goal., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Published: 2016
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19. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b.

Author: Vergani E, Di Guardo L, Dugo M, Rigoletto S, Tragni G, Ruggeri R, Perrone F, Tamborini E, Gloghini A, Arienti F, Vergani B, Deho P, De Cecco L, Vallacchi V, Frati P, Shahaj E, Villa A, Santinami M, De Braud F, Rivoltini L, and Rodolfo M
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Blotting, Western, Case-Control Studies, Chemokine CCL2 genetics, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Male, Melanoma drug therapy, Melanoma metabolism, Melanoma pathology, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, RNA, Messenger genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Survival Rate, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Vemurafenib, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm genetics, Indoles pharmacology, Melanoma genetics, MicroRNAs genetics, Sulfonamides pharmacology
Abstract: In melanoma, the adaptative cell response to BRAF inhibitors includes altered patterns of cytokine production contributing to tumor progression and drug resistance. Among the factors produced by PLX4032-resistant melanoma cell lines, CCL2 was higher compared to the sensitive parental cell lines and increased upon drug treatment. CCL2 acted as an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells, stimulating the proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. In patients, CCL2 is detected in melanoma cells in tumors and in plasma at levels that correlate with tumor burden and lactate dehydrogenase. Vemurafenib treatment increased the CCL2 levels in plasma, whereas the long-term clinical response was associated with low CCL2 levels.Increased CCL2 production was associated with miRNA deregulation in the resistant cells. miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b showed high expression in both resistant cells and in tumor biopsies that were obtained from treated patients, and they were involved in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of CCL2 and of the selected miRNAs restored both the cell apoptosis and the drug efficacy in resistant melanoma cells. Therefore, CCL2 and miRNAs are potential prognostic factors and attractive targets for counteracting treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma.
Published: 2016
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19 results on '"Shahaj E."'

1. Incertezza

2. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators

3. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

4. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

5. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b

6. Targeting Immune Regulatory Networks to Counteract Immune Suppression in Cancer

7. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators

8. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

9. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b

10. Tissue-resident memory T cells in epicardial adipose tissue comprise transcriptionally distinct subsets that are modulated in atrial fibrillation.

11. Circulating c-Met-Expressing Memory T Cells Define Cardiac Autoimmunity.

12. miR-146a-5p impairs melanoma resistance to kinase inhibitors by targeting COX2 and regulating NFkB-mediated inflammatory mediators.

13. microRNAs Shape Myeloid Cell-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy.

14. Natural-Killer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immune Sensors and Interactors.

15. Immunosuppressive circuits in tumor microenvironment and their influence on cancer treatment efficacy.

16. Tumor-derived microRNAs induce myeloid suppressor cells and predict immunotherapy resistance in melanoma.

17. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines.

18. Targeting Immune Regulatory Networks to Counteract Immune Suppression in Cancer.

19. Overcoming melanoma resistance to vemurafenib by targeting CCL2-induced miR-34a, miR-100 and miR-125b.

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