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Mauddud Formation (Albian stage-the Early Cretaceous) is an important oil reservoir in Ratawi field of southern Iraq. Four wells, R T-2, R T-3, R T-6, and R T-7, located 70 km northwest of Basra, were selected to study microfacies properties and petrophysical associations with the probability of oil production. Seventy-seven core samples are collected, and thin sections for petrographic analysis. The self-potential, Gamma-ray, resistivity, and porosity logs are used to determine the top and bottom of the Mauddud Formation. Water saturation of the invaded and uninvaded zones, shale volume, and porosity were calculated. The study area results showed that the quantity of shale is less than 15% for most of the wells, and the dominant porosity is the secondary porosity. In contrast, the primary porosity is low in all study wells, and the formation contains varying proportions of producing hydrocarbons. The results suggest the formation comprises light-colored dolomitized lime and pseudo-oolitic white limestone with green to blue-gray shale. The petrographic analyses of 65 thin sections of the Mauddud Formation reveal that most skeletal grains are shallow marine-derived faunas, while non-skeletal grains include peloids and ooids. The facies analysis showed that the Mauddud Formation was deposited within different sedimentary environments ranging from deep to very shallow environments, which was represented by a large variation in Five microfacies and ten submicrofacies, the microfacies "Mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone, and Rudstone "submicrofacies" Peloidal wackestone to packstone, Bioclastic wackestone to packstone, Miliolids wackestone to packstone,Orbitolina wackestone, Peloidal packstone to grainstone, Orbitolina packstone, Mudstone to wackestone,Bioclastic wackestone, Miliolids and Bioclastic wackestone to packstone, Bioclastic packstone, and Peloidai grainstone". This variance suggested that the formation might be deposited within the carbonate platform's variety of environment, such as "deep sea, restricted, shallow open marine, mid-ramp, rudist biostrome, and shoal." Seven different kinds of pores have been found in the carbonate sideman of the Formation: Interparticle, Intraparticle, moldic, Vuggy and fracture.

Background: The association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and oxidative stress in women, the possible causes of PCOS, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and oxidative stress. Oxidants are chemical elements that tend to gain electrons, losing positive charge. The Oxidative Stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance between the formation and synthesis of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system, which results in oxidative damage. Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of nano-melatonin on oxidative stress in the sera of patients with polycystic syndrome. Methods: The study includes 120 Iraqi women, divided into two groups: 60 PCOS patients and 60 healthy control patients. Sample Analysis Biochemistry analyses the hormonal profile and determines the hormonal levels (LH, FSH, Testosterone, and Prolactin) that were identified for all controls and patients. Hormones analysis was performed using the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) technique. Synthesized ML nanoparticles by ultrasonic sonication. Results: The results indicate that the mean of serum LH significantly increased (P0.05) when compared the BMI

The Mishrif Formation is an important succession that was deposited during the Cenomanian–Early Turonian. More than 79 thin sections of core in addition to well log data for the Mishrif Formation from 2 boreholes within the E oilfield (E-1, and E- 2) were used to determine the different associations facies to interpret the depositional environment of the Mishrif Formation. Six major microfacies were diagnosed the Mishrif Formation, Mudstone, Wackestone, Packstone, Grainstone, Boundstone, and Rudstone and ten submicrofacies include: Bioclastic Packstone submicrofacies with rich Echinodermat, Coral and Rudist fragment and high Dolomitization, Rudstone submicrofacies with large Rudist fragment and vug porosity , Boundstone submicrofacies with very large coral, Plankton Foraminiferal Packstone submicrofacies withe Globigerinelloides and Calcispheres, Bioclastic Wackestone to Packstone submicrofacies with dolomite and calcareous algae, Peloidal Packstone with coral, pillites, pieces of Rudist and Separate-Vug pore, Bioclastic Packstone to Grainstone submicrofacies, Peloidal to Bioclastic Packstone submicrofacies, Benthonic Foraminiferal Mudstone submicrofacies, Rudist fragmented Mudstone. These microfacies were deposited in restricted, shoal, shallow open marine, rudist bioherm, and deep marine environments.

Sponges are among the most ancient animals harboring complex microbial communities with potential applications in biotechnology. The Arabian Gulf is a thermally stressed enclosed body of water located in an arid region where sponges and their halobionts are understudied. This study combined 16S rRNA next-generation gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation techniques to explore the abundance and diversity of sponge-associated bacteria. Culture-independent techniques showed the associations of more than 25 bacterial phyla with Amphimedon sp., Chondrilla australiensis, Haliclona sp., and Niphates spp. Regarding cultivable bacteria, 315 bacterial isolates associated with the sponge Haliclona sp. were cultivated; these isolates were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and were distributed among six bacterial genera. Selected strains of Bacillus, Ferrimonas, Pseudovibrio, Shewanella, Spongiobacter, and Vibrio were tested for antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms and protease enzyme production. Seven Bacillus strains exhibited weak to moderate growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, 29 different strains of Bacillus, Ferrimonas, Shewanella, and Vibrio exhibited different degrees of positive protease activity. In addition, cultivated strains of Bacillus, Shewanella, Pseudovibrio, and Vibrio were tested for their biomineralization abilities. Herein we report for the first time the isolation of biomineralizing bacteria from sponge tissue where eleven bacterial isolates produced different shapes of calcium carbonate crystals on agar. Our observations shed light on the diversity and biotechnological potentials of sponges-associated bacteria inhabiting one of the world’s hottest seas.

Background: The association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and oxidative stress in women, the possible causes of PCOS, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and oxidative stress. Oxidants are chemical elements that tend to gain electrons, losing positive charge. The Oxidative Stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance between the formation and synthesis of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system, which results in oxidative damage. Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of nano-melatonin on oxidative stress in the sera of patients with polycystic syndrome. Methods: The study includes 120 Iraqi women, divided into two groups: 60 PCOS patients and 60 healthy control patients. Sample Analysis Biochemistry analyses the hormonal profile and determines the hormonal levels (LH, FSH, Testosterone, and Prolactin) that were identified for all controls and patients. Hormones analysis was performed using the enzymelinked fluorescent assay (ELFA) technique. Synthesized ML nanoparticles by ultrasonic sonication. Results: The results indicate that the mean of serum LH significantly increased (P<0.02) in PCOS BMI ≥ 25 patients G1 (6.19± 3.13) mIU/mL compared with controls C1 (4.504±1.591) mIU/mL, while a nonsignificant difference (P>0.05) when compared the BMI<25 kg/m² for G2 (5.55±1.93) with control group C2 (6.31±2.58) of luteinizing hormone in G1 and G2. Conclusions: An increased ratio of LH to FSH was shown to be characteristic of PCOS. For PCOS, high LH values are crucial. For the purpose of diagnosing PCOS, high LH values are crucial release of gonadotropin hormones (LH, FSH) from the pituitary. To higher the production of androgen in ovarian theca cells, The LH receptor is activated by the luteinizing hormone (LH). The nano Mel was higher in the inhibition of Oxidative stress two causes nano-melatonin high surface area and small size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, pure rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanosheets are synthesized by the electrochemical deposition method using a rectangular titanium plate (4 cm × 2 cm × 0.1 cm) as both cathode and anode with a current density of 9.2 × 10–3 mA/cm² for 3 h. The rutile TiO² nanosheets are investigated by both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements, and their crystal structure is obtained using the X-ray diffraction technique. The Brunauer–Emmett– Teller analysis was shown the surface area of the rutile phase was 52 m²/g. The electrochemical synthesized rutile TiO2 nanosheets behave as an attractive adsorbent for Se4+ ions from their aqueous solutions. We examined the impact of contact time, pH, adsorbent mass, temperature and initial concentration of Se4+ ions. The Se4+ ions isotherm adsorption showed a good fit with Freundlich isotherm and Langmuir models. The thermodynamic study was done to calculate the ΔS, ΔH and ΔG parameters, which obtained 7.39 kJ/mol, 39.32 J/mol K, and –4.32 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the kinetic study showed the adsorption behaved as pseudo-second-order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to show the potential role of phenolic compounds against the toxicity of Entamoeba histolytica. The study used 20 adult male rats that distributed to four groups (each group consist 5 rats); control group that received normal saline, second group rat injected intraperitoneal with E. histolytica at dose 103 cyst/ml. third group rat injected intraperitoneal with E. histolytica at dose 103cyst/ml and treated with 100ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. Fourth group rat injected intraperitoneal with E. histolytica at dose 103cyst/ml and treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. The results show high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of Interferon gamma (INF-γ) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in group that injected with E. histolytica compared with control group. About oxidative stress, Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) and catalase show high significant changes (P < 0.05) in group that injected with E. histolytica compared with control group. After using phenolic compounds, levels of INF-γ, TNF-α MDA, GSH and catalase in treated groups show non-significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. It was concluded that phenolic compounds have been potential role against E. histolytica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to show the potential role of Matricaria chamomilla flower extract against toxicity of Entamoeba histolytica . The study used 20 adult albino male rats that divide randomly to four groups (each group consist 5 rats); control group received ad libidium, group of rats administrated with 1X103 cyct/ml suspension for seven days, group of rats administrated with 1X103 cyct/ml suspension and treated with 50mg/kg extract for month, group of rats administrated with 1X103 cyct/ml suspension and treated with 100mg/kg extract for month. The results show high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine and uric acid in rats administrated with 1X103 cyct/ml suspension. Oxidative stress factor in this group show significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of MDA (malonedialdehyied) and significant decreased (P < 0.05) in levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase compared with control group. While, after used M. chamomilla flower extract with Entamoeba histolytica , the results showed non significant changes (P < 0.05) in liver and kidneys function parameters. Also, MDA, GSH and catalase showed non significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. It was concluded that flower extract has been potential role against toxicity of Entamoeba histolytica in adult male albino rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]