Search

Abstract The organosulfur compound dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) has key roles in stress protection, global carbon and sulfur cycling, chemotaxis, and is a major source of climate-active gases. Saltmarshes are global hotspots for DMSP cycling due to Spartina cordgrasses that produce exceptionally high concentrations of DMSP. Here, in Spartina anglica, we identify the plant genes that underpin high-level DMSP synthesis: methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT), S-methylmethionine decarboxylase (SDC) and DMSP-amine oxidase (DOX). Homologs of these enzymes are common in plants, but differences in expression and catalytic efficiency explain why S. anglica accumulates such high DMSP concentrations and other plants only accumulate low concentrations. Furthermore, DMSP accumulation in S. anglica is consistent with DMSP having a role in oxidative and osmotic stress protection. Importantly, administration of DMSP by root uptake or over-expression of Spartina DMSP synthesis genes confers plant tolerance to salinity and drought offering a route for future bioengineering for sustainable crop production.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences worldwide and has also led to significant changes in people’s lifestyles, resulting in an increase in social problems, such as early marriages for girls in different contexts. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and early marriage among girls. Our analysis of 36 studies published between 2020 and 2023 shows that the pandemic has accelerated the number of early marriages for girls in several ways. In many countries, early marriages often result from social disintegration, loss of social support, inability to pay for basic needs, prolonged school closures, economic collapse, and parental death due to COVID-19. Although people in different contexts have different opinions about early marriages for girls due to COVID-19, there is evidence that early marriages for girls are sometimes seen as a solution to ease the financial burden and reduce stress for parents. However, there was a significant decline in traditional marriages in developed countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the United States, Mexico, Japan, Korea, and Indonesia. Early marriage can have serious consequences for young adolescents, including mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and feelings of powerlessness. Mixed results, such as an increase or decrease in early marriage among girls, indicate a need for detailed contextual empirical research. It is known that actions are being taken to reduce the prevalence of early marriages, especially in developing countries, but certain situations may accelerate or reverse trends in girls’ early marriages because of various social, economic, and cultural influences. This study suggests further consideration of strategic planning for emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that people may face again in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate support for abused and mistreated girls by raising awareness to reduce the psychological and physiological consequences of early marriage due to the pandemic in the near past.

Sustainability has emerged as a key concept in the modern techniques of washing and treating denim. The clothing industry, specifically the denim washing sector, confronts substantial sustainability issues due to its impact on water pollution and the generation of large quantities of chemical waste. This research aims to investigate the long-term sustainability of the nebulization process in the context of denim finishing. The goal is to assess the dependability of the technology as a feasible option by demonstrating its effectiveness using environmental impact measuring software. The environmental impact assessment assesses the ecological consequences of clothing across four fundamental areas: water usage, chemical utilisation, energy consumption in the production process, and labour implications. The aforementioned methods proved to have low energy and water demands, resulting in less waste and pollution. This study evaluated several aspects of nebulization on denim and concluded that nebulization is a beneficial method for applying eco-friendly finishing.

Floods, storms, and temperature extremes are examples of extreme weather events that have a substantial influence on a country's demographic dynamics, including migration, fertility, and mortality. Changes in population size, composition, and distribution may result from these occurrences. This study, which spans the years 1966–2018, looks at how Bangladesh's total fertility rate (TFR) is affected by extreme weather events and child mortality, including neonatal, infant, male infant, and under-five mortality. We use data from secondary publicly accessible sources, such as the World Bank and The Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), and we investigate the correlations using the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), complemented by bivariate and multivariable analyses.Our findings from the univariate analysis are noteworthy. Total extreme climate events (β = −0.345, 95 % CI: 0.510, −0.180), as well as individual extreme climate events, such as extreme temperatures (β = −1.176, 95 % CI: 1.88, −0.47), floods (β = −0.644, 95 % CI: 1.0729, −0.216), and storms (β = −0.351, 95 % CI: 0.63159, −0.07154), exhibited negative associations with the TFR. Additionally, factors such as contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) (β = −0.085, 95 % CI: 0.09072, −0.07954) and gross national income (GNI) per capita (β = −0.003, 95 % CI: 0.0041123, −0.0024234) were negatively correlated with the TFR. Conversely, various categories of child mortality, namely, infants (β = 0.041, 95 % CI: 0.040474, 0.042748), males (β = 0.038, 95 % CI:0.037719, 0.039891), and under-five (β = 0.026, 95 % CI:0.025684, 0.026979) – are positively associated with TFR. Controlling for two pivotal confounding factors, time and GNI per capita, yielded consistent results in the multivariate analysis. These findings provide insight on the dual impact of extreme weather events, which can reduce TFR while also raising it through infant mortality. This phenomena may be due to the increased vulnerability of younger children in climate-event-prone areas, prompting parents to seek additional children as both a replacement for lost offspring and an insurance mechanism against future child loss.

Sustainability is highly valued in the contemporary process of washing denim. The apparel business, specifically the denim washing sector, faces significant sustainability concerns, mostly due to its contribution to water contamination and chemical waste. This study employed a range of strategies to highlight the issue of sustainability in apparel washing. This study examined the sustainability of different denim wash techniques, including ozone wash and ozone wash with laser fading, in comparison with conventional methods. Its aim was to establish the credibility of these techniques as sustainable practices by demonstrating their efficacy across various denim wash categories using environmental impact measurement (EIM) software. Environmental impact measurement evaluates the ecological consequences of apparel across four key areas: water usage, chemical usage, energy consumption during production and the impact on labour. It was observed that the methods mentioned above necessitate minimal usage of water and chemicals, resulting in reduced waste and pollution. This study included a comprehensive assessment of various aspects of apparel washing, and concluded that ozone washing and ozone wash with laser fading are advantageous methods for adopting sustainable washing.

Abstract The use of CNG auto-rickshaws is increasing in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. CNG auto rickshaws are a crucial component of the transportation system of Dhaka City. These offer the dwellers a quick and affordable way to navigate the city’s congested streets. This study aims to determine how commuters in Dhaka City perceive the quality of app-based CNG auto rickshaw service. A structured questionnaire is developed based on the users’ reported attitudes and perceived risks. In order to comprehend how users feel about an app-based CNG auto rickshaw service, collected data were used to create a Structural Equation (SE) model. The responses are also evaluated using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method, which validates the SE model. The study shows that women’s safety and better safety experience are the most significant parameters while accepting app-based CNG auto rickshaw services. The results of this study will help the service providers involved in this operation better understand the best course of action to be taken in order to provide better service to commuters.

In this era of widespread information, combating fake news in less commonly represented languages like Bengali is a significant challenge. Fake news is a critical issue in Bangla, a language that a vast population uses but lacks adequate natural language processing tools. To address this, our research introduces RoBERTa-GCN, a cutting-edge model combining RoBERTa with a graph neural network (GCN) to accurately identify fake news in Bangladesh. The dataset we utilized comprises articles from 22 prominent Bangladeshi news portals covering diverse subjects such as politics, sports, economy, and entertainment. This comprehensive dataset enables the model to learn and adapt to the intricacies of the Bangla language and its news ecosystem, facilitating effective fake news detection across various content categories. Our approach integrates the RoBERTa model, adapted for Bangla, with GCN’s expertise in processing relational data, forming an effective means to differentiate between authentic and fake news. This study’s key achievement is the creation and application of the RoBERTa-GCN model to the Bangla language, an area not thoroughly explored in previous research. The findings show that RoBERTa-GCN surpasses existing methods, achieving impressive accuracy rates of 98.60%, highlighting its capability as a robust model for preserving news integrity in the digital era, especially for the Bangla-speaking population.

Abstract This research examined the influence of perceived child mortality risk on the fertility choices of married women in Bangladesh. Employing a cross-sectional survey conducted in four rural areas, categorized as either vulnerable or not vulnerable to extreme climate events, a total of 759 married women were surveyed through simple random sampling, while 25 women were selected for in-depth interviews through judgment sampling. The findings indicate that women in climate-vulnerable regions express a greater desire for additional children compared to those in non-vulnerable areas. Furthermore, women who perceive increased child mortality risk and have experienced past child loss show a stronger tendency towards wanting more offspring. The qualitative insights from the interviews shed light on the underlying motivations driving these preferences, emphasizing the significance of child replacement and seeking security against potential child loss. These empirical findings provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics between perceptions of child mortality and reproductive decision-making among women in Bangladesh. The implications of this study are crucial for policymakers and practitioners, as they can guide the development of targeted interventions and policies to address reproductive health challenges in climate-vulnerable areas. By acknowledging women’s perspectives and considering contextual factors, these strategies can effectively address the reproductive implications of climate vulnerability, empowering women to make informed decisions about their fertility and promoting improved reproductive outcomes and overall well-being in vulnerable communities.

Abstract Background Environmental quality significantly affects various aspects of human existence. This study employs ecological footprint as a proxy to assess the impact of environmental quality on the TFR, measured as births per woman. This study investigates the extent to which ecological footprint indicators impact on the TFR in across 31 countries between from 1990 to 2017. Methods We gathered data on ecological footprints, specifically carbon, agricultural land, grazing land, forest products, and fisheries, from the Global Footprint Network. Information on the TFR, Human Development Index (HDI), and per capita Gross National Income (GNI) were sourced from the World Bank and the United Nations. We applied static panel and quantile regression models to scrutinize the connection between the ecological footprint and TFR, showing how the former influences the latter. Results The outcomes reveal that, in both fixed and random effects models, factors including HDI, carbon, and fishing grounds exert a negative influence on TFR, all at a significance level of p

We propose a single material microstructured optical fiber with more than five octave spanning supercontinuum generation. Due to using single material, compatibility checking between core and cladding material need not required. Moreover, the material is such chosen that optical transmission range is quite high in comparison to others. The fiber is designed in COMSOL platform and according to finite element method (FEM), numerical analysis is accomplished. Dispersion, confinement loss, nonlinearity etc. are investigated and exposed for a wavelength range of 2000–3000 nm. The proposed fiber reveals zero dispersion at 2200 nm, nonlinearity of 14,370 W−1km−1 and confinement loss around 10−9 order in dB/m. Finally, supercontinuum generation has been investigated inside the structure and obtained high coherence that span (from 1500 nm to 34,500 nm) over five octave. The generated spectrum fulfills the requirements for being applicable in frequency metrology, fiber laser and biophotonics. With the best of our knowing, such coherent and widened supercontinuua for single material fiber is yet to be proposed.

The growing demand for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in industrial applications has prompted the exploration of natural fiber-based composites as a viable alternative to synthetic fibers. Using jute–rattan fiber-reinforced composite offers the potential for environmentally sustainable waste material decomposition and cost reduction compared to conventional fiber materials. This article focuses on the impact of different machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination during the drilling process of the jute–rattan FRP composite. Inspired by this unexplored research area, this article emphasizes the influence of various machining constraints on surface roughness and delamination in drilling jute–rattan FRP composite. Response surface methodology designs the experiment using drill bit material, spindle speed, and feed rate as input variables to measure surface roughness and delamination factors. The technique of order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution method is used to optimize the machining parameters, and for predicting surface roughness and delamination, two machine learning-based models named random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) are utilized. To evaluate the accuracy of the predicted values, the correlation coefficient (R2), mean absolute percentage error, and mean squared error were used. RF performed better in comparison with SVM, with a higher value of R2 for both testing and training datasets, which is 0.997, 0.981, and 0.985 for surface roughness, entry delamination, and exit delamination, respectively. Hence, this study presents an innovative methodology for predicting surface roughness and delamination through machine learning techniques.

Summary: Individual cell sensing of external cues has evolved through the temporal patterns in signaling. Since nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling dynamics have been examined using a single subunit, RelA, it remains unclear whether more information might be transmitted via other subunits. Using NF-κB double-knockin reporter mice, we monitored both canonical NF-κB subunits, RelA and c-Rel, simultaneously in single macrophages by quantitative live-cell imaging. We show that signaling features of RelA and c-Rel convey more information about the stimuli than those of either subunit alone. Machine learning is used to predict the ligand identity accurately based on RelA and c-Rel signaling features without considering the co-activated factors. Ligand discrimination is achieved through selective non-redundancy of RelA and c-Rel signaling dynamics, as well as their temporal coordination. These results suggest a potential role of c-Rel in fine-tuning immune responses and highlight the need for approaches that will elucidate the mechanisms regulating NF-κB subunit specificity.

Abstract The global impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spared no sector, causing significant socioeconomic, demographic, and particularly noteworthy educational repercussions. Among the areas significantly affected, the education systems worldwide have experienced profound changes, especially in countries like Bangladesh. In this context, numerous educational institutions in Bangladesh decided to temporarily suspend classes in situations where a higher risk of infection was perceived. Nevertheless, the tertiary education sector, including public universities, encountered substantial challenges when establishing and maintaining effective online education systems. This research uses a qualitative approach to explore the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the academic pursuits of students enrolled in public universities in Bangladesh. The study involved the participation of 30 students from a public university, who were interviewed in-depth using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. The findings of this study reveal unforeseen disruptions in students’ learning processes (e.g., the closure of libraries, seminars, and dormitories, and the postponement of academic and administrative activities), highlighting the complications associated with online education, particularly the limitations it presents for practical and laboratory-based learning. Additionally, a decline in both energy levels and study hours has been observed, along with an array of physical, mental, and financial challenges that directly correlate with educational activities. These outcomes emphasize the need for a hybrid academic approach within tertiary educational institutions in Bangladesh and other developing nations facing similar sociocultural and socioeconomic contexts.

This study aims to discover how artificial intelligence adoption in notion (AI) plays a role in digital innovation using the theoretical foundation of diffusion of innovations and effectuation theories. The current research also investigates the moderating role of other edge Internet of Things (IoT) and the mediating role of adaptive resilience. The data collection is performed using a survey conducted among employees of family-owned SMEs. The findings reveal that AI forecasts digital innovation through adaptive resilience. The results also confirm the moderating role of threat to IoT edge and the mediating role of adaptive resilience, but moderated mediating is not supported. We conclude that family-owned SMEs intend to adopt AI, but SMEs face challenges using IoT edge. This study has implications for family firms specifically and technology adopters in general.

Objectives: The study aimed to account for baseline biometrical and histomorphometric testicu¬lar changes in Black Bengal goats during postnatal development. Materials and Methods: Black Bengal goats, divided into group I of VII; day 0; 1, 2 weeks; 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age, respectively, were used in this study. Results: The biometrical and histomorphometric values of the testis varied significantly (p < 0.05) from postnatal 1–2 months. From day 0 to 2 months, seminiferous tubules, called sex cords, contained simply peripherally placed Sertoli cells and centrally placed gonocytes. Gonocytes, posi¬tioned in the center, moved centrifugally in the direction of the basement membrane of sex cords with the advancement of age, transformed into prespermatogonia, and were distributed among the Sertoli cells at the edge of sex cords that make up the basal cell layer in nearly all of the sem¬iniferous tubules by 2 months after birth. Initiation of spermatogenesis, i.e., stratification and lumination of seminiferous epithelium, took place in the 4th months. At 6 months, all types of spermatogenic cells had been identified. The onset of puberty, i.e., the establishment of sper¬matogenesis, was noticed to have been established at 6 months of postnatal age in Black Bengal goats, as shown by the spermatozoa that were adhered to the ad luminal border of the Sertoli cells and also in the tubular lumen. Conclusion: This research is the first to document the varying biometrical and histomorphometric measurements of the testis in Black Bengal goats from birth to puberty. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(2.000): 237-243]

Abstract Graphene has earned significant attention in the present world due to its light weight and extremely good conductive properties, which are used in different functional materials and smart devices. With skyrocketing demand, wearable sensors are evolving with many essential functionalities and flexibility in use. Moreover, wearable sensors can show some marvelous activities easily when they are incorporated with different nanomaterials and two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Therefore, after the immense effort and diligence of scientists over the years, wearable sensors can successfully exhibit numerous potential applications, such as motion detection, artificial intelligence, prosthetic skin, intelligent robotics, and human‐machine interface and interaction. With the rapid development of flexible, perceptible electrical devices, graphene‐based wearable sensors play an eminent role in healthcare. In this work, a comprehensive overview of recent research on wearable sensors and integrated systems for various sections of healthcare is demonstrated. Along with discussing the basic properties of graphene and the fabrication methods for graphene‐based wearable sensors, this work can help the scientists address them and set a projection for future studies. Wearable graphene‐based sensors have great potential to make healthcare facilities more accessible and enhance the quality of sensing activities, which has enormous implications for the future of healthcare.

Plastics utilized in packaging have a significant impact on the environment, leading to considerable concerns regarding human and environmental well-being. Researchers globally are working to counteract these incidents by integrating biopolymers like starch, cellulose, chitosan, etc., into the packaging sector because of their nontoxic nature, biodegradability, and eco-friendly properties. This study aims to extract cellulose from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel by combining bleaching and alkaline treatment (17.5% w/v NaOH) and utilizes the extracted cellulosic compounds to produce a practical biodegradable film. The constructed film can be an alternative to synthetic films currently used in industries, minimize environmental harm caused by plastics, and offer a waste management option for jackfruit peels. The study extracted 28.04% cellulose from jackfruit peel wastes, and it was subsequently utilized to develop a biocompatible composite film containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and extracted cellulose. The percentage of cellulose being used in PVA is 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% compared to pure PVA film. Mechanical properties (tensile atrength, elastic modulus, tensile energy absorption, and strain) as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water absorption, and soil burial test were done to define the material and functional properties of 0%, 20%, 50%, and 80% cellulose-PVA composite film. Among four films, 20% of the jackfruit-extracted cellulose-reinforced PVA film has shown better results compared to others. It has shown maximum thermal stability at 368.2°C. Conversely, the 50% cellulose-reinforced PVA film has maximum contraction at 57.4°C with a value of 130.6 μm compared to other percentages in terms of thermomechanical analysis. It also shows the maximum water absorption percentage. It is evident from this study that a cellulosic component generated from jackfruit peels can be used with PVA to make biodegradable packaging films.

This research focuses on understanding the complex impact of Cyclone Aila on migration decisions, particularly regarding the motivations that compel specific vulnerable populations to remain in their current locations despite severe consequences. It conducts a comparative analysis of migration choices, adaptive strategies and capacities of migrant and non-migrant populations in Bangladesh after the 2009 Cyclone Aila, focusing on the severely affected districts of Satkhira and Khulna. To achieve this, a comprehensive survey of 284 households was conducted, including 130 migrant and 154 non-migrant households. The research utilized statistical techniques, such as frequency distribution, chi-squared tests, and multinomial logistic regression, along with qualitative insights gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed using NVivo software to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the coping capacities of these households. The findings indicate that the severity of the cyclone experience significantly impacted migration choices, with non-migrant households displaying a firm attachment to their original location because of better economic opportunities, emotional bonds, vibrant social networks, and a higher tolerance for adversity. Migrants are attracted to locales, providing better living conditions, safety, and access to healthcare and education. This research also revealed differences in the adaptive strategies adopted by migrants and non-migrants. Migrants have more options for housing, agriculture, livestock management, food security, health and sanitation, and employment. Most migrant households (47.7%) had high adaptive capacities across various domains, such as food security, housing and shelter, crop production, livestock and poultry rearing, health and sanitation, and livelihood prospects. Non-migrant households had much lower percentages of high adaptive capacity, ranging from 5.3 percent to 9.7 percent. These findings suggest that migration can improve adaptive capacity, especially when responding to weather events, such as Cyclone Aila. Therefore, it is important to create targeted support measures that cater to the unique needs of both migrant and non-migrant households to promote resilience and improve wellbeing during the post-crisis period.

Transmission window is a major concern in selecting the background material of photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation. In this work, Zinc-Germanium Diphosphide (ZnGeP2) based single material photonic crystal fiber has been proposed with high nonlinearity and low confinement loss for near and mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. As single material is used, hence the concerned difficulties for choosing separate materials for core and cladding is eliminated. Again, the light transmission window of ZnGeP2 is very large (700 nm – 13000 nm). Optical properties like dispersion, numerical aperture, effective area, nonlinearity and confinement loss are analyzed and demonstrated for a wavelength range of 1000 – 5000 nm. COMSOL software is used to design the fiber and finite element method (FEM) is adopted for numerical analysis. The proposed fiber presents low and flattened dispersion in the range of 2250 – 5000 nm, nonlinearity of the order of 104 W–1km−1 and confinement loss of the order of 10–9 dB/m. The fiber is then used for supercontinuum generation in both near and mid-infrared range and an unprecedented bandwidth of 31000 nm has been achieved which may be pragmatic for outstanding medical applications.

In this study, we employed a straightforward synthetic approach using the sol-gel method to fabricate a novel photocatalyst, Ag and N co-doped SnO2 (Ag-N-SnO2). The synthesized photocatalysts underwent characterization through various techniques including XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, TEM, UV-vis DRS, BET, and XPS. The UV-vis DRS results confirmed a reduction in the bandgap energy of Ag-N-SnO2, leading to enhanced absorption of visible light. Additionally, TEM data demonstrated a smaller particle size for Ag-N-SnO2, and BET analysis revealed a significant increase in surface area compared to SnO2.The efficiency of the Ag-N-SnO2 photocatalyst in degrading metronidazole (MNZ) under natural sunlight surpassed that of SnO2. Under optimal conditions (Ag-N-SnO2 concentration of 0.4 g/L, MNZ concentration of 10 mg/L, pH 9, and 120 min of operation), the highest MNZ photocatalytic removal reached 97.03%. The reaction kinetics followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.026 min−1. Investigation into the mineralization of MNZ indicated a substantial decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) values, reaching around 56% in 3 h of sunlight exposure. To elucidate the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of MNZ with Ag-N-SnO2, a scavenger test was employed which revealed the dominant role of •O2–. The results demonstrated the reusability of Ag-N-SnO2 for up to four cycles, highlighting its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness as a photocatalyst.

The link between population dynamics and climate-related severe events is complicated. Extreme weather events (EWEs), along with other factors such as socioeconomic and cultural factors, influence population dynamics, particularly changes in fertility, mortality, and migration. This study focuses solely on the fertility aspect of climate change and aims to investigate it in Bangladesh, which is extremely sensitive to climate change and EWEs such as floods, cyclones, and droughts. On a regular basis, the country is confronted with a number of EWEs. The current study examines how different types of extreme weather events affect vulnerable people’s decisions to have children or to prefer children of a certain gender. People who reside in a particular area may be more vulnerable to particular EWE types, which may result in different preferences for fertility and gender. This study employed individual-level data from three places (flood-prone, drought-prone, and cyclone-prone), each exposed to a distinct hazard, to address this issue, and collected pertinent information from 177 respondents in the susceptible areas using a survey questionnaire. The quantitative results show that the gender of the first child, the perceived risk of infant death due to EWE, the opinion on having more children to recover from the damage and losses caused by EWE, government and non-governmental organization (NGO) support during EWE, and the intended timing of child bearing (after or before EWE) are all significant factors influencing fertility preferences and gender preferences. The findings also indicate that the three regions under investigation have statistically distinct preferences for fertility and gender. There were larger differences between flood-prone areas and drought- and cyclone-prone areas. The complex issue of variations due to different EWEs requires more in-depth studies with larger samples and different methodological techniques.

Abstract NF-κB is generally recognized as an important regulator of ageing, through its roles in cellular senescence and inflammatory pathways. Activated in virtually all cell-cell communication networks of the immune system, NF-κB is thought to affect age-related defects of both innate and adaptive immune cells, relevant to inflamm-ageing and declining adaptive immunity, respectively. Moreover, the family of NF-κB proteins that exist as heterodimers and homodimers exert their function beyond the immune system. Given their involvement in diverse areas such as DNA damage to metabolism, NF-κB has the potential to serve as linkages between known hallmarks of ageing. However, the complexity of NF-κB dimer composition, dynamic signaling, and tissue-specific actions has received relatively little attention in ageing research. Here, we discuss some areas where further research may bear fruit in our understanding the impact of NF-κB in healthy ageing and longevity.

Human-assistance rovers have a broad prospect in the field of space robotics, as a significant number of organizations and researchers have been investing in the design and development of sophisticated rovers for planetary exploration. In order to promote research and development in the design of next-generation MARS rovers, an annual University Rover Challenge (URC) is hosted by the MARS Society in the United States. In this study, we highlight the design and development process of several novel subsystems of a human-assistance planetary exploration rover and their successive integration in the prototype named PHOENIX, which is a rover that participated in the URC 2021. First, a detailed requirement elicitation has been conducted, for designing a conceptual framework for a rover capable of planetary exploration. Secondly, the design and development process has been detailed for five basic subsystems (power, communication, primary-manipulator, chassis with drive, processing) and two mission-specific subsystems (scientific exploration and autonomous navigation), as well as their successive integration into the rover. Afterwards, a detailed evaluation study has been conducted in order to validate the performance of the developed system. Terrain traversability, autonomy in navigation, and sophisticated task execution capabilities have been evaluated individually within this study. Additionally, the capability of the rover in detecting bio-signatures from soil samples using a novel Multiple Bio-molecular Rapid Life Detection (MBLDP-R) protocol has also been evaluated. The developed scientific exploration subsystem is capable of detecting the presence of life from soil samples with a 92% success rate, and from rock samples with a success rate of 93.33%.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, surface disinfection using prevailing chemical disinfection methods had several limitations. Due to cost-inefficiency and the inability to disinfect shaded places, static UVC lamps cannot address these limitations properly. Moreover, the average market price of the prevailing UVC robots is huge, approximately 55,165 USD. In this research firstly, a requirement elicitation study was conducted using a semi-structured interview approach to reveal the requirements to develop a cost-effective UVC robot. Secondly, a semi-autonomous robot named UVC-PURGE was developed based on the revealed requirements. Thirdly, a two-phased evaluation study was undertaken to validate the effectiveness of UVC-PURGE to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the capability of semi-autonomous navigation in the first phase and to evaluate the usability of the system through a hybrid approach of SUPR-Q forms and subjective evaluation of the user feedback in the second phase. Pre-treatment swab testing revealed the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-Negative bacteria at 17 out of 20 test surfaces in the conducted tests. After the UVC irradiation of the robot, the microbial load was detected in only 2 (1D and 1H) out of 17 test surfaces with significant reductions (95.33% in 1D and 90.9% in 1H) of microbial load. Moreover, the usability evaluation yields an above-average SUPR-Q score of 81.91% with significant scores in all the criteria (usability, trust, loyalty, and appearance) and the number of positive themes from the subjective evaluation using thematic analysis is twice the number of negative themes. Additionally, compared with the prevailing UVC disinfection robots in the market, UVC-PURGE is cost-effective with a price of less than 800 USD. Moreover, small form factor along with the real time camera feedback in the developed system helps the user to navigate in congested places easily. The developed robot can be used in any indoor environment in this prevailing pandemic situation and it can also provide cost-effective disinfection in medical facilities against the long-term residual effect of COVID-19 in the post-pandemic era.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a tool that aids in achieving sustainable urban development. It promotes economic, environmental, and social sustainability by integrating land use and transportation planning. Many researchers have investigated mass rapid transit (MRT) station regions for TOD in developed cities. However, in a developing city such as Dhaka, measuring node-based TOD (TOD index) during MRT construction has been disregarded in planning future land use. Furthermore, no prior research on quantitative TOD measurement in Dhaka exists. As a result, we developed a framework for both quantitative and spatial node-based TOD measurement based on the four Ds (density, diversity, destination accessibility, and design) of the TOD concept. With 17 stations under construction, MRT 6 was selected as our study area. The TOD index was measured by nine indicators based on the four criteria (4Ds), spatially in the geographic information system (GIS). After calculating the indicators, the TOD index for each station's 800m buffer was estimated using the spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA). A sensitivity analysis of four TOD scenarios was performed to check the model's robustness. Additionally, a heatmap of the TOD index for MRT 6 was created for informed planning and policymaking. Furthermore, statistically significant hotspots (both Getis Org Gi* and Anselen Local Moran Statistics) and hotspot clusters were identified. Finally, we illustrate the station-based ranking based on the maximum TOD score. In addition, a detailed spider-web of nine indicators for 17 stations depicts sustainable TOD planning. However, regarding density and diversity, sustainable development and (re)development policies should be implemented not only for MRT 6 but for all Dhaka's TOD regions.

Genetic diversity analysis is a pre-requisite to develop improve variety of any crop. Hence, 39 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of local chilli cultivars. PCR-amplified microsatellite loci were shown to be polymorphic in all investigated cultivars. The locus, CAMS-647 produced the highest number of alleles (8) ranging in size from 188 to 279 bp. PIC values for 39 primers ranged from 0.099 for the locus Hpms 1-165 to 0.806 for the locus CAMS-679. All of the SSRs examined were informative in characterizing the genotypic variance of the samples while 12 were more informative with higher PIC values (> 0.6). There was a wide range of genetic diversity varied from 0.117 (HpmsE075) to 0.806 (CAMS-647), whereas the highest (1.713) and the lowest (0.205) value of Shannon’s Information Index was registered in the locus CAMS-679 and Hpms 1-165, respectively. There was a higher degree of genetic differentiation (0.927) and a lower amount of gene flow (0.010). Nei’s genetic distance (GD) varied from 0.100 to 0.990. Among 96 cultivars, 55 had distinct status in the dendrogram with higher GD values (> 0.6), while 41 cultivars showed a close relationship and yielded lower GD values.

This study explores how people living in different areas of Bangladesh prone to extreme weather events (EWEs) in the form of floods, cyclones, or droughts perceive climate change, the impacts they suffer in the face of EWEs, and how they cope with their consequences. Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews with 73 respondents from three different areas of Bangladesh and subsequently analyzed. The results show that there are similarities and differences between respondents from regions with different vulnerabilities in terms of their views and perceptions about what climate change is its causes, the consequences of EWEs, and the strategies they adopt to cope with their effects. Respondents understood climate change based on their own local experiences of climate change and EWEs. A main finding is that people in all three areas are driven to borrow money in the face of these events as a survival strategy and to be able to continue to support their families. As the climate is set to change rapidly and EWEs to occur more frequently and regularly, it will become routine for those most vulnerable to them to have to cope and live with their impacts. Increased reliance on borrowing risks leading to a debt spiral for already vulnerable people. They are thus subject to a “double whammy”: on the one hand the direct effects of climate change and EWEs on their lives and livelihoods and on the other getting caught in a debt spiral sparked by times of crisis.

We propose an approach based on core geometry variation in designing photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to optimize different optical properties. To investigate those properties of the nobly designed geometrically varied core PCF, Finite element method (FEM) is adopted. The nonlinearity, scattering loss, confinement loss, dispersion profile, numerical aperture, dissemination of power in different portions and effective modal area of the designed waveguide are thoroughly analyzed. The proposed structure with circular core numerically shows unprecedented confinement loss of the order of 10−10 (2.22 × 10−10 dB/m to be precise) with nonlinearity of 51000 W−1km−1 and scattering loss of 1. 2 × 10−12 dB/km. Zero dispersion is also obtained at 1500 nm. The fiber is then used for supercontinuum generation and obtained bandwidth of about 3500 nm at – 40 dB along 2 mm of fiber length. It is anticipated that the proposed PCF could be useful in spectroscopy and biomedical imaging as well.

Once termed as a basket case, Bangladesh is now a development wonder. Recently, it has entered the cluster of lower-middle-income countries and is predicted to join the cohort of developed ones by 2041. However, the challenge that lies ahead is to sustain the current economic growth with the emerging threat of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). There is no doubt that the country have the upper hand in order to counter these emerging critical scenario with its huge number of youths. Nonetheless, it will be pertinent to turn these youth force into productive human capital through providing both general and technical education in order to yield higher returns. On this backdrop, this study attempts to know whether our existing tertiary education system is rendering quality education to convert our youth force into effective human resources. Using qualitative tools of social research and drawing information from various secondary sources, the study argues that the existing tertiary education system is failing to produce skilled human resources which is again resulting in lower returns to the economy. Undoubtedly there has been quantitative progress in tertiary level education; nevertheless, the worrying factor has been regarding its quality. The crisis has not happened owing to the absence of adequate policy framework rather the translation of those into reality. This study offers a modest suggestion to take immediate steps by the government of Bangladesh to implement the recommendations as stated in the key policy instruments related to education and skill development along with the significant increase in the budgetary allocation for the tertiary education sector. In addition, efforts has to be put for transforming the existing University Grants Commission (UGC) into Higher Education Commission (HEC). Moreover, activation of the accreditation council is now a crying need for further improving the quality of education at the tertiary level.

Abstract Background Although it is becoming evident that individual’s immune system has a decisive influence on SARS-CoV-2 disease progression, pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to profile the host transcriptome of COVID-19 patients from nasopharyngeal samples along with virus genomic features isolated from respective host, and a comparative analyses of differential host responses in various SARS-CoV-2 infection systems. Results Unique and rare missense mutations in 3C-like protease observed in all of our reported isolates. Functional enrichment analyses exhibited that the host induced responses are mediated by innate immunity, interferon, and cytokine stimulation. Surprisingly, induction of apoptosis, phagosome, antigen presentation, hypoxia response was lacking within these patients. Upregulation of immune and cytokine signaling genes such as CCL4, TNFA, IL6, IL1A, CCL2, CXCL2, IFN, and CCR1 were observed in lungs. Lungs lacked the overexpression of ACE2 as suspected, however, high ACE2 but low DPP4 expression was observed in nasopharyngeal cells. Interestingly, directly or indirectly, viral proteins specially non-structural protein mediated overexpression of integrins such as ITGAV, ITGA6, ITGB7, ITGB3, ITGA2B, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGA9, ITGA4, ITGAE, and ITGA8 in lungs compared to nasopharyngeal samples suggesting the possible way of enhanced invasion. Furthermore, we found comparatively highly expressed transcription factors such as CBP, CEBP, NFAT, ATF3, GATA6, HDAC2, TCF12 which have pivotal roles in lung injury. Conclusions Even though this study incorporates a limited number of cases, our data will provide valuable insights in developing potential studies to elucidate the differential host responses on the viral pathogenesis in COVID-19, and incorporation of further data will enrich the search of an effective therapeutics.

This study examines school and college teachers' perceptions about climate change, taking into account academic backgrounds and experiences with the impacts of climate change. The study included 95 teachers from three schools and colleges (two private and one public) in the city of Sylhet, Bangladesh. The results show that most teachers have heard about climate change and understand what it means. Most also perceive that temperatures in Bangladesh are rising or fluctuating and that rainfall is falling or fluctuating. The chi-squared test shows that teachers' perceptions about climate change depend on whether their educational institution is private or public and whether they believe their home locality is at risk of extreme weather events (EWE). Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to specifically examine the impact of teachers' academic backgrounds and their previous experiences with extreme weather events on their perceptions about climate change. The results of the binary logistic regression show that educational institution type and the teaching levels (SSC: Secondary School Certificate or HSC: Higher Secondary School Certificate; or both levels) in which the teacher teaches are two significant predictors of teachers' perceptions about temperature change. The multinomial logistic regression analysis of perceptions about changes in precipitation shows that there is a statistically significant effect for factors including type of educational institution, bachelor-level study area, hometown vulnerable to EWEs, and environmental or climate-change-related courses taken.

The estimated glomerular filtration (e-GFR) and serum creatinine is the screening methods of reduced renal function in patients with type-II diabetes (T2DM) in both patient with diabetic nephropathy and with no diabetic nephropathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of e-GFR in type-II diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic nephropathy and without diabetic nephropathy.This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in the Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Nephrology, Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka involving 60 patients from the department of Nephrology, BSMMU. Among 60 patients, 30 were with diabetic nephropathy and 30 were without nephropathy. Both nephrop- athy and without nephropathy group were selected according to selection criteria. Random blood sugar (RBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and e-GFR level were measured in all patients. After data collection and processing, all statistical analysis was done by using SPSS Version 26.0. In this study, the mean(}SD) age was 50.5}11.71 in group-I and 45.53}9.97 in group-II. The difference was statistically not significant(p=0.082). It was observed that 20(66.7%) were male and 10(33.3%) were female in group I and 13(43.3%) were male and 17(56.7%) were female in group-II. Age group 51-60 years had highest percentage of nephropathy patients 9(30.0%) and 31-40 years of age group had highest percentage of diabet- ic patient without nephropathy 13(43.3%). The mean e-GFR in Group I was 47.56}35.48 and in Group II was 93.75}31.29 which was statistically significant (p=0.001). There was a signifi- cant negative correlation between serum e-GFR and serum creatinine in between Group I (r=-0.809, p

Abstract Background Gibberellin (GA) is one of the most essential phytohormones that modulate plant growth and development. Jute (Corchorus sp.) is the second most important source of bast fiber. Our result has shown that exogenous GA can positively regulate jute height and related characteristics which mean increasing endogenous GA production will help to get a jute variety with improved characteristics. However, genes involved in jute GA biosynthesis have not been analyzed precisely. Results Genome-wide analysis identified twenty-two candidate genes involved in jute GA biosynthesis pathway. Among them, four genes- CoCPS, CoKS, CoKO and CoKAO work in early steps. Seven CoGA20oxs, three CoGA3oxs, and eight GA2oxs genes work in the later steps. These genes were characterized through phylogenetic, motif, gene structure, and promoter region analysis along with chromosomal localization. Spatial gene expression analysis revealed that 11 GA oxidases were actively related to jute GA production and four of them were marked as key regulators based on their expression level. All the biosynthesis genes both early and later steps showed tissue specificity. GA oxidase genes were under feedback regulation whereas early steps genes were not subject to such regulation. Conclusion Enriched knowledge about jute GA biosynthesis pathway and genes will help to increase endogenous GA production in jute by changing the expression level of key regulator genes. CoGA20ox7, CoGA3ox2, CoGA2ox3, and CoGA2ox5 may be the most important genes for GA production.

In the context of rapid climate change, it is important to understand public perceptions of urban green spaces (UGSs), because green spaces have enormous potential as instruments for climate change adaptation and mitigation, and because the development of such spaces both requires and benefits from public support. This article attempts, through an extensive literature review, to understand convergences and divergences in perceptions of urban green spaces (UGSs) of city dwellers around the world and to identify gaps in the existing research. Additionally, the article explores research into the benefits associated with urban green spaces, including health (e.g., physical and mental), social (e.g., social networks and social relationships), economic (e.g., employment and income generation), and environmental (e.g., ecosystem services and biodiversity). This article further seeks to identify the extent to which urban residents have been found to perceive the roles UGSs can play in climate change adaptation and mitigation, and cultural exchange. Based on studies conducted in different countries over the past decade, this paper integrates environmental, social, cultural, and economic aspects of urban greening to provide insight into the similarities and differences in perceptions of urban green spaces and suggest approaches to building climate change resilient urban communities. This paper finds justification for: encouraging the use of integrated, multidisciplinary approaches, using innovative tools, for both the study and practical development of UGSs; conducting a greater number of studies of newer urban areas in developing countries; and considering the diverse disadvantages as well as the advantages of UGSs in order to support the continued development and expansion of this critical climate-friendly infrastructure. The more that residents' perceptions of and attitudes toward UGSs are incorporated into the design of such spaces, the more successful they will be at providing the myriad benefits they have the potential to offer.

Abstract Objectives Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play critical roles in genetic diversity and disease. Many traits and diseases are linked with exonic SNPs that are significant for gene function, regulation or translation. This study focuses on SNPs that potentially act as the genetic basis for desirable traits in the Black Bengal Goat. This variety of goat is native to South Asia, and is identified as one of the most commercially important meat producing animals in the world. The aim of this study was to sequence the genome of Black Bengal Goats and identify SNPs that might play a significant role in determining meat quality in the organism. The study focuses on exonic SNPs for their greater likelihood of affecting the final translated protein product. Results Approximately 76,000 exonic variants were identified in the study. After filtration using a Wilcoxon test based score, the number came down to 49, 965 which were found to be distributed in 11,568 genes. The functional pathways affected by these variations included fatty acid metabolism and degradation, which are important processes that influence meat quality.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first oncogenic human retrovirus identified in humans which infects at least 10-15 million people worldwide. Large HTLV-1 endemic areas exist in Southern Japan, the Caribbean, Central and South America, the Middle East, Melanesia, and equatorial regions of Africa. HTLV-1 TAX viral protein is thought to play a critical role in HTLV-1 associated diseases. We have used numerous bio-informatics and immuno-informatics implements comprising sequence and construction tools for the construction of a 3D model and epitope prediction for HTLV-1 Tax viral protein. The conformational linear B-cell and T-cell epitopes for HTLV-1 TAX viral protein have been predicted for their possible collective use as vaccine candidates. Based on in silico investigation two B cell epitopes, KEADDNDHEPQISPGGLEPPSEKHFR and DGTPMISGPCPKDGQPS spanning from 324-349 and 252-268 respectively; and T cell epitopes, LLFGYPVYV, ITWPLLPHV and GLLPFHSTL ranging from 11-19, 163-171 and 233-241 were found most antigenic and immunogenic epitopes. Among different vaccine constructs generated by different combinations of these epitopes our predicted vaccine construct was found to be most antigenic with a score of 0.57. T cell epitopes interacted strongly with HLA-A*0201 suggesting a significant immune response evoked by these epitopes. Molecular docking study also showed a high binding affinity of the vaccine construct for TLR4. The study was carried out to predict antigenic determinants of the Tax protein along with the 3D protein modeling. The study revealed a potential multi epitope vaccine that can raise the desired immune response against HTLV-1 and be useful in developing effective vaccines against Human T-lymphotropic virus.

Climate change is likely to worsen the food security situation through its impact on food production, which may indirectly affect fertility behaviour. This study examines the direct and indirect effects of climate change (e.g., temperature and precipitation) via the production of major crops, as well as their short- and long-term effects on the total fertility rate (TFR) in Bangladesh. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to perform path analysis and distinguish the direct influence of climate change on fertility and its indirect influence on fertility through food security. We also applied the error correction model (ECM) to analyze the time-series data on temperature and precipitation, crop production and fertility rate of Bangladesh from 1966 to 2015. The results show that maximum temperature has a direct effect and indirect negative effect–via crop production–on TFR, while crop production has a direct positive effect and indirect negative effect–via infant mortality–on TFR. In the short term, TFR responds negatively to the maximum temperature but positively in the long term. The effect of rainfall on TFR is found to be direct, positive, but mainly short-term. Although indicators of economic development play an important part in the fertility decline in Bangladesh, some climate change parameters and crop production are non-negligible factors.

Objective: The research work was conducted to determine the duration of protective efficacy and lowest immune protective titer of Salmonella bivalent vaccine containing Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum prepared at the Livestock and Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Centre (LPVRPC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The experimental chickens were subdivided into four main groups (A, B, C and D). Group A and B were vaccinated with BAU-Salmonella bivalent vaccine with dosed 0.5 mL intramuscularly at the age of seven weeks followed by a booster vaccination at 12 weeks of age while group C and D served as unvaccinated control. The sera samples were obtained at 7, 12, 15, 18, 23, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 41 weeks of age of birds. Results: Significantly elevated level of immune response in terms of antibody production resulted from booster vaccination. Vaccinated chicken showed protective resistance following virulent challenge with isolates of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum (**P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 282-289]

VISCAL (VISSIM calibration) is an automated calibration tool for microscopic simulation parameters in VISSIM environment, based on three heuristic optimization algorithms: (a) genetic algorithm (GA); (b) simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA); (c) simulated annealing (SA). It is developed with a goal to automate and ease the tedious process of calibration, offering greater flexibility to the users by providing control on every aspect of the calibration process. It includes multiple features for a generic application tool with the ability to test the significance of the appropriate decision parameter set for a particular network, to determine the most suitable objective function to reflect network characteristics, and to check the suitability of any of the three heuristic optimization algorithms for a particular network. VISCAL also offers four objective function choices into the system: (1) speed, (2) flow, (3) delay, and (4) multi-objective criteria. It is able to calibrate all the driving behavior parameters for any type (urban, rural) and extent of network (small or large network). However, for this study, the operation of the tool is tested by a dataset obtained from a 3.26 km freeway of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The plethora of genome sequence information of bacteria in recent times has ushered in many novel strategies for antibacterial drug discovery and facilitated medical science to take up the challenge of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to current antibiotics. In this study, we adopted subtractive genomics approach to analyze the whole genome sequence of the Fusobacterium nucleatum, a human oral pathogen having association with colorectal cancer. Our study divulged 1,499 proteins of F. nucleatum, which have no homolog's in human genome. These proteins were subjected to screening further by using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG) that resulted in the identification of 32 vitally important proteins for the bacterium. Subsequent analysis of the identified pivotal proteins, using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Automated Annotation Server (KAAS) resulted in sorting 3 key enzymes of F. nucleatum that may be good candidates as potential drug targets, since they are unique for the bacterium and absent in humans. In addition, we have demonstrated the three dimensional structure of these three proteins. Finally, determination of ligand binding sites of the 2 key proteins as well as screening for functional inhibitors that best fitted with the ligands sites were conducted to discover effective novel therapeutic compounds against F. nucleatum.

Background: Human Adenoviruses are divided into 7 species of Human Adenovirus A to G based on DNA genome homology. The Human Adenovirus E (HAdVs-E) genome is a linear, double-stranded DNA containing 38 protein-coding genes. Wild-type adenoviruses type E, are linked to a number of slight illnesses. The most important part of HAdVs-E is E3 CR1-beta protein which controls the host immune response and viral attachment. Method: We use numerous bio-informatics and immuno-informatics implements comprising sequence and construction tools for construction of 3D model and epitope prediction for HAdVs-E. Results: The 3D structure of E3 CR1-beta protein was generated and total of ten antigenic B cell epitopes, 6 MHC class I and 11 MHC class II binding peptides were predicted. Conclusion: The study was carried out to predict antigenic determinants/epitopes of the E3 CR1-beta protein of Human Adenovirus E along with the 3D protein modeling. The study revealed potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes that can raise the desired immune response against E3 CR1-beta protein and useful in developing effective vaccines against HAdVs-E.

Chikungunya virus causes mosquito-transmitted infection that leads to extensive morbidity affecting substantial quality of life. Disease associated morbidity, quality of life, and financial loss are seldom reported in resources limited countries, such as Bangladesh. We reported the acute clinical profile, quality of life and consequent economic burden of the affected individuals in the recent chikungunya outbreak (May to September 2017) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.We conducted a cross-sectional study during the peak of chikungunya outbreak (July 24 to August 5, 2017) to document the clinical profiles of confirmed cases (laboratory test positive) and probable cases diagnosed by medical practitioners. Data related to clinical symptoms, treatment cost, loss of productivity due to missing work days, and quality of life during their first two-weeks of symptom onset were collected via face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. World Health Organization endorsed questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.A total of 1,326 chikungunya cases were investigated. Multivariate analysis of major clinical variables showed no statistically significant differences between confirmed and probable cases. All the patients reported joint pain and fever. Other more frequently reported symptoms include headache, loss of appetite, rash, myalgia, and itching. Arthralgia was polyarticular in 56.3% of the patients. Notably, more than 70% patients reported joint pain as the first presenting symptom. About 83% of the patients reported low to very low overall quality of life. Nearly 30% of the patients lost more than 10 days of productivity due to severe arthropathy.This study represents one of the largest samples studied so far around the world describing the clinical profile of chikungunya infection. Our findings would contribute to establish an effective syndromic surveillance system for early detection and timely public health intervention of future chikungunya outbreaks in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh.