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World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Pakistan is the utmost salient player in the sustainable environment sector of Pakistan, as it raises awareness on front burner issues of pollution, devastation of industrial waste, global warming, depleting forests, species, and natural resources. It works in the realm of protection of endangered species, natural habitat, protection, and conservation of natural resources inclusive of wetlands, other water reservoirs, forests, and eco-system of Mother Nature. It is facing serious challenges of its long-run sustainable survival and attainment of its objectives in the developing countries like Pakistan, which is the aim of this inquiry to explore. Although it has established strategic relationships with its several stakeholders, but government for instance, does not entertain environment as its top priority; it is partnering with the corporate sector, private sector organizations, NGOs, local communities, and schools to universities but out of millions of micro and small to large-scale commercial entities, it has received contributions cum sponsorships from only three hundred (300) partners in 2016 (WWF, 2017). There are individual members cum donors too, but WWF's major initiatives and programs are undertaken with financial assistance of multilateral donor agencies including European Union (EU) and United Nations Development Program (UNDP). In this qualitative probe in the form of a case study, data is garnered from extant secondary sources, whereas in the primary data sources, interviews have been conducted from WWF officials and queries were raised from the representatives of public and private (for profit and not for profit) sectors in the meeting of Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The findings indicate that despite enormous contribution of WWF-Pakistan towards eco-system and environment, its own sustainable development seems under menace, since it is not receiving the desired level of cooperation and sponsorships from the domestic stakeholders. However, the environmental degradation in Pakistan stands at the peak level and the entire eco-system is under serious menace of climate change to global warming, which exerts deep impact on the lives of populace, habitat, and economic output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement in social media (SM) platforms and their ability to enable small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to reach a large audience has led to changes in how entrepreneurial firms carry out their regular activities. Studies on entrepreneurship and SM adoption are relatively new and fragmented; however, there is scant interest from managers, scholars, and governments for future research work in this area in emerging countries. This study aims to investigate the role of SM adoption and innovation capabilities (IC) in improving SME performance. We employ the resource-based view (RBV) as a basis for the conceptual model and infer relationships between entrepreneurial orientation (EO), SM adoption, IC, and SME performance. A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to collect data through a web-based survey and quantitative analysis was employed to generalise the results. The proposed relationships are tested on a sample of 431 randomly selected SMEs, applying the PLS algorithm, bootstrapping, and blindfolding techniques using SmartPLS 3.0. The findings reveal that SME performance could be improved by EO, SM adoption, and IC. Additionally, SM adoption significantly mediates the EO–SME-performance relationship, and IC moderates the SM-adoption–SME-performance association. This paper also makes several theoretical and practical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of social media (SM) has led to continuous deviations in how day-to-day entrepreneurial activities can be carried out. Additionally, studies devoted to SM entrepreneurship and SM are relatively limited and fragmented in their focus. However there is growing interest from scholars, practitioners and academia for upcoming studies and exploration within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) context. This research explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on SM adoption and SME performance in developing countries. We employed the resource-based view (RBV) as the foundation for developing the conceptual framework The present study employed a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from SMEs located in Pakistan. Partial-least-squares-structural equation-modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for the analysis of 423 responses. The results proved a direct positive link between EO–SMEs performance, EO–SM adoption, SM adoption–SMEs performance, innovation capabilities (IC), and SME performance. Partial mediation was found between EO and SME performance, and the significant moderation effect of IC was found between SM adoption and SME performance. This paper has implications for practitioners and researchers regarding SM adoption in the SMEs. It builds an empirical, multi-dimensional hypothesized model, including mediating and moderating roles affecting the relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research in the education domain has noted the importance of work-based passion and has repeatedly highlighted how passion influences positive work outcomes. However, far too little attention has been given to investigating whether one's passion can be transferred to others. Using two theoretical lenses – crossover theory (CT) and emotional contagion theory (ECT) – the present study intends to deepen our understanding by examining whether a teacher's work passion can be transferred to a student. Methods: To address this knowledge gap, we recruited students and their subject teachers (n=226 teacher-student dyads) from the major business schools of Pakistan, based on the convenience sampling method, during the period from November to December 2018. An exploratory factor analysis was run to extract the dimension underlying each construct. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using AMOS 24.0 to assess the discriminant and convergent validity of the measurement model. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS 24.0. Results: Consistent with the hypotheses, our results show that a teacher's work passion can be transferred to a student's work passion indirectly via emotional contagion. Our data further establish that the transference of a teacher's work passion to a student's work passion via emotional contagion is more significant when the teacher is educated at PhD level than when she/he is non-PhD educated. Conclusion: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study has been one of the first attempts to thoroughly examine work passion transference from teachers to students in the area of higher education and offers several managerial and theoretical implications alongside future opportunities for practitioners and research scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]