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Bacterial infections are spreading worldwide especially in the developing countries. Most clinical pathogens have evolved mechanisms of resistance due to which most antibiotics are less or not effective to restrict their growth. Current study aims on finding the prevalence of antibiotics resistance in clinical isolates. Material and Methods: Total (n=753) clinical specimens were collected, among them, total (n=105) bacteria were identified on the basis of standard culture characteristics and biochemical tests and their antibiotics resistance pattern were determined. Results: Higher incidence of multidrug resistance bacteria were found in patients aged above 50 years and were prevalent in OPD, emergency and gynea wards. The dominant bacterial species were gram negative i.e. Escherichia coli (29%), Staphylococcus aureus (19%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.33%), Acinetobacter species (5.71%), whereas, gram negative isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.52%), Streptococcus specie (5.71%), and Enterococcus faecium. Antibiotics like amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and sulphamatoxazole/trimethoprim were resistant to 64.61%, 63.07% and 61.53% of gram negative bacteria respectively while ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and fusidic acid were resistant to 70%, 52.5% and 52.5% gram positive bacteria respectively. The most susceptible antibiotics against gram negative were sulbactum/cefoperazone and amikacin while to gram positive were linezolid, chloramphenicol and rifampicin. Conclusion: Current study revealed increasing antibiotic resistance pattern that need intimidate focus on surveillance of antibiotics resistance regularly and to ensure long lasting efficacy of antibiotics.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is an important medical pathogen present in more than half of the world’s population. Various treatment regimen are in use for the eradication of H. pylori, but due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, its management is a big issue for clinicians. Methods: In this study all suspected cases that had visited District Headquarters Hospital Kohat were considered for screening of H. pylori infections. Preliminary information about their age, gender, general health conditions, occupation, etc. was taken for consideration. After recording initial signs and symptoms, samples were considered for H. pylori detection using stool antigen test and endoscopy. Fourteen-day proton pump inhibitor base triple and quadruple therapy were administered to each patient. Results: In total (n = 178), there were high numbers of positivity in patients aged below 30 years (82; 46.06%), most of whom belonged to rural areas. Conclusion: This study concludes that there were high numbers of positive patients aged below 30 years, and according to this study MEL (Metronidazole + Esomeprazole + Levofloxacin) is the most effective treatment regimen for the eradication of H. pylori.