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The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional features. Initially, user needs are typically expressed in free-form language, requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional requirements. To address this challenge, various machine learning (ML) methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements, aiming to reduce time and human effort. However, existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale projects. In our study, we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier (FNRC). By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window (ASW) technique, we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier's accuracy while using fewer trees. Experimental results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets, achieving a balanced Precision of 75% on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85% on the CCHIT dataset. Both datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%, highlighting FNRC's ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse scenarios. These findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes, increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a cloud computing environment, the primary goal of resource scheduling is to reduce the economic expenditures for cloud users and grow fiscal achievement for cloud providers. In this article, the study of numerous forms of resource scheduling algorithms is presented that has been applied in IaaS clouds. The selected research articles are classified into six categories, according to the nature of the algorithm used. Further, the authors pointed out several issues and challenges with the help of the resource scheduling algorithms, the comparative performance metrics, and the simulation tools used to validate the several algorithms. The enhancement illustrates better performance concerns decreasing the cost and time while improving the competence and utilization of resources for IaaS clouds. These algorithms are executed in numerous simulation tools and real environments similar to CloudSim, SimGrid, MATLAB, and test‐bed environments (practical implementation). This critical review and classification will serve as a foundation for further research in IaaS clouds in the Internet of Things (IoT) environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to assess the ovsynch estrus synchronization in imported pure Holstein Friesian and Holstein Friesian-Jersey crossbred cows at district Thatta Sindh. A total 30 Holstein Friesian and Holstein Friesian-Jersey crossbred cattle were selected and divided into three groups i.e., A (10 pure Holstein Friesian cows), B (10 Holstein Friesian-Jersey crossbred cows), and C (5 pure Holstein Friesian and 5 Holstein Friesian–Jersey crossbred cows) as control group. All selected animals were scanned through ultrasound to ensure the normality of reproductive tract. Animals of group A and group B were treated with Ovsynch protocol {GnRH; (Dalmarelin, FATRO) intramuscular at day 0 followed by PGF2α (Dalmazin; FATRO) intramuscular at day 7 and 2nd GnRH intramuscular at day 9} for estrus synchronization while animals of group C was kept as untreated control (intramuscular injection of normal saline as placebo on day 0, 7 and 9). Animals of all group underwent fixed time insemination at 16 h of last treatment. Results showed that estrus response vary significantly among the groups (P<0.05). Overall estrus response was observed significantly higher in group B (80%), followed by A (60%) and C (10%). Intensity of estrus was determined by observing the estrus signs. Results showed significantly higher intensity of estrus signs in Group B than A and C for mucus discharge 90%, 65%,10%, flehmen 90%, 60%,10%, standing heat80%, 60%, 10% and sniffing vagina 80%, 70%, 10%, respectively. Estrus duration differs significantly among the treatment groups (P<0.05). Significantly maximum estrus duration was noted in group B (15.02 ± 0.21 h), then A (13.58 ± 2.22 h) and C (10 ± 0.00 h). In all groups blood samples were collected from the milk vein on day 0 (the first treatment), day 7, day 11 (one day after artificial insemination), day 18 and day 30 from all groups for determining progesterone level. Statistical analysis showed non-significant differences in progesterone level among groups at day 0. Furthermore, on Day 7, Group C differed significantly in progesterone level than A and B; however non-significant difference were observed in group A and B, while in group C difference was significant. On day 11 significantly highest values of blood progesterone were seen in group C (2.63 ± 0.22) followed by A (1.65 ± 0.35) and then B (1.48 ± 0.22). Statistical analysis showed that group C was significantly different from A and B, but there was non-significant difference between A and B. At day 18 highest P4 values were seen in B (4.20 ± 0.44) followed by A (3.33 ± 0.39) and then C (1.88 ± 0.59). Statistical analysis showed that group B and A had non-significant difference among each other, while both groups had significant differences with group C. Blood progesterone level for all the three groups on day 30 showed highest values in group B (10.90 ± 2.44) followed by A (8.28 ± 3.33) and C (4.53 ± 0.44). Statistical analysis showed significant difference among all three groups on day 30. It was concluded that in term of estrus response, cyclic activities and fertility rate, Ovsynch protocol was more effective in Holstein Friesian- Jersey cross breed cows than in Holstein Friesian pure cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood malnutrition has always been a public health problem. Childhood malnutrition has a double burden involving undernutrition e.g., stunting, wasting, undernutrition and childhood obesity/overweight which have been greatly enhanced in the past few years. Methodology: This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among 7-13 years old children of school-going age in Lahore city, Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed in which students were asked questions about their dietary habits, hygienic conditions, source of drinking water, illness, and socioeconomic status. Pearson Chi-square was applied to find the association between anthropometric failure and all these factors. Results: Prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight, obesity, abdominal overweight/obesity, and anthropometric failure was 3.6%, 7%, 7%, 2%, 0.26%, 28.8%, and 27.2% respectively. Conclusion: We concluded a positive association between a mother's education status and undernutrition. There is a need to focus on nutrition education and awareness among parents so that the dietary habits of children may improve. This study highlights the importance of promoting nutrition knowledge of parents and the hygienic conditions of schools and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for developing vascular thrombosis at high altitude. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Skardu Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Feb 2020. Methodology: Al individuals evacuated from high altitude with suspicion of vascular thrombosis were consecutively inducted and evaluated radiologicaly. Subjects diagnosed as VT were further categorized on basis of height of evacuation into high altitude, very high altitude and extremely high altitude categories. Results: Out of 295 individuals evacuated from HA, 54(18.3%) were diagnosed as VT. Al patients were males. Mean age was 31+5.3 years. Cerebral venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 19(35%) and was the most frequent folowed by pulmonary embolism in 18(33%) and deep venous thrombosis in 14(26%) patients. Risk of VT increased with increase in altitude as 05(10%) cases were from high altitude, 18(33%) were from very high altitude and 31(57%) from extremely high altitude. VT was more frequent in smokers [36 cases (67%), p<0.05] and in cold weather (37 cases (69%), p<0.05). Duration of stay has significant inverse correlation with height of deployment (r= -0.592, p< 0.001). Significant difference was found in duration of stay (p<0.001), haemoglobin (p=0.016) and haematocrit (p=0.012) among different categories of high altitude. Conclusion: Cases of vascular thrombosis increase with increasing altitude even in shorter period of stay. Increasing haemoglobin and haematocrit with increase in altitude, cold environmental temperature and smoking are important risk factors for development of VT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Local data on nutritional rickets in Lahore division is lacking, although clinical records indicate its presence and resurgence in this city with seemingly sufficient sunlight. This observational study aims to describe the frequency and predisposing factors of nutritional rickets, particularly in relation to lower respiratory tract infections. Methodology: Out of 170 subjects approached, 71 children were included in the study. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of nutritional rickets. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data on lifestyle, socio-demographics, and eating patterns. Physical examinations were conducted by medical officers, and serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were assessed. Results: The frequency of nutritional rickets was found to be 29% among patients aged 6 to 59 months. 47.6% of participants with nutritional rickets and 46% of non-rachitic participants were under two years old. Serum phosphorus levels showed an independent association with nutritional rickets. Complexion, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and birth order did not exhibit any statistical association with rickets. Respiratory tract infections were the leading cause of hospitalization (52.3%) among participants with nutritional rickets. A significant correlation was observed between deficiency of the immune modulator 25-hydroxyvitamin D and susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Conclusion: Rickets remains a prevalent issue in our setting despite abundant sunlight. Pediatricians should proactively examine and screen for rickets in children, especially those showing subtle physical signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Computational intelligence (CI) based prediction models increase the efficient and effective utilization of resources for wind prediction. However, the traditional recurrent neural networks (RNN) are difficult to train on data having long- term temporal dependencies, thus susceptible to an inherent problem of vanishing gradient. This work proposed a method based on an advanced version of RNN known as long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture, which updates recurrent weights to overcome the vanishing gradient problem. This, in turn, improves training performance. Methods. The RNN model is developed based on stack LSTM and bidirectional LSTM. The parameters like mean absolute error (MAE), standard deviation error (SDE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) are utilized as performance measures for comparison with recent state-of-the-art techniques. Results. Results showed that the proposed technique outperformed the existing techniques in terms of RMSE and MAE against all the used wind farm datasets. Whereas, a reduction in SDE is observed for larger wind farm datasets. The proposed RNN approach performed better than the existing models despite fewer parameters. In addition, the approach requires minimum processing power to achieve compatible results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modified Radical Mastectomy is associated with significant acute postoperative pain. If this pain is not managed properly most patients will develop chronic post-mastectomy pain, which reduces quality of life. Pectoralis (PECS) block is effective in reducing pain and the consumption of analgesia in the post-operative period. The objective was to compare mean post-operative pain with or without pectoral (PECS) block in females undergoing modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of General Surgery at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent modified radical mastectomy were included in the study. A total of 60 patients, were randomly divided into two equal groups, the PEC group and without PEC group. After surgery, patients were shifted to the postoperative care unit and were assessed for postoperative pain after 6 and 12 hours. Data was collected and descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age and BMI of the patients was 51.52±10.29 years and 24.1±3.94 kg/m2, respectively. Among patients from the PEC group, the mean post-op pain after the 6 hours was 2.13±0.571 while in the without PEC group, the mean post-op pain was 2.67±1.093 (p-value=0.021). Similarly, in patients from the PEC group, the mean post-op pain after the 12 hours was 1.20±0.407 while in the without PEC group, the mean post-op pain was 1.63±0.615 (pvalue=0.002). Conclusion: Post-operative pain with PEC block showed significantly better control as compared to the patients without PEC block group in females undergoing modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An acute vascular angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the Aorta may compress the third part of the duodenum (SMA Syndrome) and the Left Renal Vein (Renal Nutcracker Syndrome). Usually, patients are young females with a lean stature. Symptoms of outlet obstruction and pelvic congestion syndrome may be present. Our patient presented with bilious vomiting and unintentional weight loss for the last 6-8 months. On further inquiry, she had dysmenorrhea and left flank pain associated with microscopic haematuria. Duodenojejunostomy with Left Renal Vein (LRV) re-positioning was performed. She recovered uneventfully and has improved intake with mild or no pain troubling her at 6 weeks of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A smart community grid is an electrical network, which connects several producers, consumers, and prosumers to share energy in an intelligent and secure way. The main challenges of smart community grid are demand response, demand bidding, dynamic electricity tariffs, demand‐side management, and prosumers handling. The current state‐of‐the‐art smart grid decision making is focused on consumers and producers behavior while the aim of this research is to achieve prosumer's different goals in an optimized and intelligent way. A genetic algorithm (GA)‐based solution is proposed to share energy in an optimized way without affecting the prosumers' preferences. Six prosumers smart community grids data sets are used to validate the performance of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed method significantly improves the loss of energy sharing without compromising the user's preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]