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In vertebrates, maternally supplied yolk is typically used in one of two ways: either intracellularly by endodermal cells or extracellularly via the yolk sac. This study delves into the distinctive gut development in sturgeons, which are among the most ancient extant fish groups, contrasting it with that of other vertebrates. Our observations indicate that while sturgeon endodermal cells form the archenteron (i.e., the primitive gut) dorsally, the floor of the archenteron is uniquely composed of extraembryonic yolk cells (YCs). As development progresses, during neurulation, the archenteric cavity inflates, expands laterally, and roofs a semicircle of YCs. By the pharyngula stage, the cavity fully encompasses the YC mass, which begins to be digested at the hatching stage. This suggests a notable deviation in sturgeon gut development from that in other vertebrates, as their digestive tract initiates its function by processing endogenous nutrition even before external feeding begins. Our findings highlight the evolutionary diversity of gut development strategies among vertebrates and provide new insights into the developmental biology of sturgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PLIN1 gene produces a phosphorylated protein wrapped in lipid droplets in adipocytes. This phosphorylation assists the mobilization of fat into adipose tissue. The purpose of the experiment was to study the polymorphism of the PLIN1 gene and its relationship with the body and carcass characteristics of Qinchuan cattle to find molecular genetic markers that can be used for breeding. The expression level of the PLIN1 gene was determined in various tissues by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the highest level of PLN1 expression was found in subcutaneous fat, followed by the heart and longissimus muscle, and the lowest level was found in the kidney. Five SNP loci of the PLIN1 gene were identified in 510 Qinchuan cattle, including g.3580T>C (SNP1), g.3898G>A (SNP2), g.8333G>A (SNP3), g.10517T>C (SNP4), and g.10538G>T (SNP5). The results show that SNP1, SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 were moderately polymorphic (0.25 < PIC < 0.5), while SNP5 was minimally polymorphic (PIC < 0.25). SNP2, SNP3, and SNP5 were within Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05), but SNP1 and SNP4 were not (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the five SNPs of the PLIN1 gene were correlated with back-fat depth, intramuscular fat, and chest depth of Qinchuan cattle. The double haplotype H2H4 in Qinchuan beef was associated with body and carcass traits. We conclude that variants mapped within PLIN1 can be used in marker-assisted selection for carcass quality and body traits in breed improvement programs for Qinchuan cattle. Key words: PLN1 gene, mRNA expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms, body measurement traits, marker-assisted selection, Qinchuan cattle. Le gene PLIN1 produit une proteine phosphorylee enrobee de gouttelettes lipidiques dans les adipocytes. Cette phosphorylation aide a mobiliser le gras dans les tissus adipeux. Le but de cette experience etait d'etudier le polymorphisme au sein du gene PLIN1 et sa relation avec les caracteres de la morphologie corporelle et de la carcasse des bovins de race Qinchuan en vue de trouver des marqueurs moleculaires pouvant servir en selection. Le niveau d'expression du gene PLIN1 a ete determine chez differents tissus par qRT-PCR. Les resultats ont montre que le plus haut niveau d'expression est rencontre dans le gras sous-cutane, suivi du cour et du muscle longissimus, tandis que le plus faible niveau etait observe dans les reins. Cinq SNP dans le gene PLIN1 ont ete identifies au sein de 510 bovins Qinchuan, dont g.3580T>C (SNP1), g.3898G>A (SNP2), g.8333G>A (SNP3), g.10517T>C (SNP4) et g.10538G>T (SNP5). Les resultats montrent que les SNP1, SNP2, SNP3 et SNP4 etaient moderement polymorphes (0,25 < PIC < 0,5), tandis que le SNP5 etait peu polymorphe (PIC < 0,25). Les SNP2, SNP3 et SNP5 etaient en equilibre Hardy-Weinberg (P > 0,05), tandis que les SNP1 et SNP4 ne l'etaient pas (P < 0,05). Une analyse de correlation a montre que les cinq SNP du gene PLIN1 etaient correles avec l'epaisseur de gras dorsal, le gras intramusculaire, et la profondeur du thorax chez les bovins Qinchuan. Le double haplotype H2H4 chez la race Qinchuan etait associe a la morphologie et a des caracteres de la carcasse. Les auteurs concluent que les variants situes dans le gene PLIN1 peuvent servir a selectionner des caracteres de la qualite de la carcasse et de la morphologie dans les programmes d'amelioration genetique des bovins Qinchuan. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : gene PLIN1, expression de l'ARNm, polymorphismes mononucleotidiques, caracteres de la morphologie corporelle, selection assistee par marqueurs, bovins Qinchuan., Introduction In the mammalian body, the main adipose depots are subcutaneous, visceral, intramuscular, and intermuscular fat. Intramuscular fat is a key factor that defines meat quality in meat-producing animals (Cai [...]

Class IV sirtuin (SIRT6 and SIRT7) played essential roles in biometabolism processes via deacetylating specific transcription factors. The present study was conducted to search for mutations in SIRT6/7 and determine their associations with growth traits in black Tibetan sheep. Via DNA sequencing methods, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 427 ewes, including a mutation (g.3724C > T) in the intron 1 of SIRT6 and two mutations (g.3668G > T and g.4223C > G) in SIRT7 intron 6 and 8, respectively. Based on the χ2 test, both g.3724C > T and g.4223C > G loci fitted with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Compared with animals with genotype TT, the CC genotype at g.3724C > T locus (SIRT6) exhibited the highest mean for body weight (p < 0.05) and heart girth (p < 0.05). At g.3668G > T locus (SIRT7), individuals carrying the GG genotype tended to have heavier body weight than those of TT genotype (p < 0.05). With the exception of body weight, body measurement traits not affected by combinative genotype (p > 0.05). Our results could be used as genetic markers for marker-assisted selection and maybe guide sheep breeding in economic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between genotypes and haplotypes of OPN, and milk composition in dairy cows. A total of 317 Chinese Holstein cows were genotyped via DNA sequencing in this study. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), g.2916G > A, g.58675C > T and g.58899C > A, and eight haplotypes were identified. Of the eight possible haplotypes, four haplotypes i.e., Hap2 (ACC; 55.30%), Hap6 (GCC, 15.6%), Hap1 (ACA, 13.6%) and Hap4 (ATC, 5.70%), were considered to be major with a cumulative estimated frequency of >90%. Single markers (g.2916G > A and g.58899C > A) and Haplotype Hap6/4 were found to be associated with an increase in butter-fat percentage (p < 0.05). Taken together, our results provided evidence that polymorphisms in OPN are associated with milk composition, and could potentially be used for marker-assisted selection in Chinese Holstein cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are finding increasing applications in diagnostics, imaging and therapeutics in medicine. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have received significant interest of scientific community due to their distinctive properties. For the first time, we have delivered IONs into germ cells in any species. Our results showed that sturgeon primordial germ cells (PGCs) delivered with IONs could be detected until seven days post fertilization (dpf) under fluorescent microscope and at 22 dpf by micro-CT. Delivery of IONs into cells could be helpful for studying germ cell biology and the improvement of germ cell-based bio-technologies as isolation of PGCs using magnetic activated cell sorting or application of hyperthermia for a host sterilization purpose. Intriguingly, in our study, we did not find any toxic effects of IONs on the survival and hatching rates of sturgeon embryos when compared with embryos injected with FITC-dextran only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]