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The Sanskrit term Shweta, which meaning "white patch," is the root of the name Shwitra. Shwitra (Vitiligo) is a condition that is referenced in the classic Kushta Roga Chikitsa and affects a significant section of the pediatric population as a result of poor dietary and lifestyle choices. Shwitra "Shweta Bhava Michanti Shwitram" is what the Kashyapa Samhita says. Kilasa, Daruna, Aruna, and Shweta Kushta are some more names for it. In contemporary medicine, vitiligo is referred to as an auto immune illness and manifests as a white patch on the skin. A widespread, progressive, chronic skin illness called vitiligo is characterized by patches of skin with sharp, frequently hyperpigmented edges caused by a lack of melanin pigments. Approximately 1% of people worldwide suffer from this illness. This condition is included under the general topic of Shwitra in Ayurveda. Every Acharya has the same opinion that the two primary therapeutic modalities mentioned in the classics—Samshodhan Karma and Samshaman Karma— should be used to treat Shwitra or Kushtha first. In their various Samhitas, Acharyas have specified a variety of internal and external uses, as well as sun exposure, for Shaman Chikitsa in the Shwitra Roga. Samhitas discuss a wide range of single and combination medications; among them, Shwitrahar Kashaya and lepa are mentioned in detail. One of them is chosen and shown to be useful for the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a comprehensive exploration of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) with a specific focus on assessing course attainment and program attainment through average-based and threshold-based methods. Utilizing a sample dataset, the study showcases the practical application of these methods to evaluate student achievements. The findings presented as average and threshold course outcome (CO) attainment calculation with sample data for a course, provide insights into student performance for course outcomes, elucidating the strengths and limitations of each approach. The study extends its analysis to program attainment, emphasizing the crucial link between CO and PO through mapping. Attainment calculation of a course with threshold and average CO attainment values displays program outcome (PO) attainment values calculated using both average and threshold methods, offering nuanced insights into student achievements within an academic program. An essential takeaway is the significance of interpreting attainment values. Establishing correlations between these values and course content equips educators to enhance cognitive, psychomotor, and affective development through targeted course delivery improvements. In conclusion, this study underscores the synergy between course and program attainment, offering informed insights to educators and institutions. It recognizes the strengths and weaknesses of average and threshold methods and emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate method based on specific learning objectives and educational contexts. This research informs assessment strategies for optimizing educational experiences in attainment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is on the experiential teaching learning method applied as a part of active learning and active student engagement for the courses such as Numerical based, Calculative courses. The students solved the numerical, and based on the same numerical they have been asked to prepare a working model or animation with the same dimensions (scaled) and motion parameters. This was applied to second year of polytechnic level course of Mechanical Program. Their demonstration on model in-line with the numerical were evaluated and credited in their course with 10% weightage. There was a great response received from the students for numerical to working models' approach, their learning from calculative numerical course was improved and the comfort in it was increase. The performances and the implementation is found to be indunted. Further this approach could be modified with the same methodology for betterment in learning of students and incorporating in the courses at different levels and to different programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptional profiling not only provides insights into patterns of gene expression, but also generates sequences that can be mined for molecular markers, which in turn can be used for population genetic studies. As part of a large-scale effort to better understand how commercially important European shellfish species may respond to ocean acidification, we therefore mined the transcriptomes of four species (the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas , the blue mussel Mytilus edulis , the great scallop Pecten maximus and the blunt gaper Mya truncata ) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Illumina data for C. gigas , M. edulis and P. maximus and 454 data for M. truncata were interrogated using GATK and SWAP454 respectively to identify between 8267 and 47,159 high quality SNPs per species (total = 121,053 SNPs residing within 34,716 different contigs). We then annotated the transcripts containing SNPs to reveal homology to diverse genes. Finally, as oceanic pH affects the ability of organisms to incorporate calcium carbonate, we honed in on genes implicated in the biomineralization process to identify a total of 1899 SNPs in 157 genes. These provide good candidates for biomarkers with which to study patterns of selection in natural or experimental populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]