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The transportation system has a big impact on daily lifestyle and it is essential to energy transition and decarbonization initiatives. Stabilizing the grid and incorporating sustainable energy sources require technologies like the Internet of Energy (IoE) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for cutting emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. According to research on flexible charging methods, allowing EVs to trade electricity can maximize travel distances and efficiently reduce traffic. In order to improve grid efficiency and vehicle coordination, this study suggests an ideal method for energy trading in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in which EVs bid for electricity and Road Side Units (RSUs) act as buyers. The Taylor Social Optimization Algorithm (TSOA) is employed for this auction process, focusing on energy and pricing to select the best Charging Station (CS). The TSOA integrates the Taylor series and Social Optimization Algorithm (SOA) to facilitate flow redirection post-trading, evaluating each RSU's redirection factor to identify overloaded or underloaded CSs. The Flow-DNET model determines redirection policies for overloaded CSs. The TSOA + Flow-DNET approach achieved a pricing improvement of 0.816% and a redirection success rate of 0.918, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing electricity trading and flow management within the IoV framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of enhancing automatic generation control (AGC) in interconnected multi-area power systems is to ensure high-quality power generation and reliable distribution during emergencies. These systems still struggle with consistent stability and effective response under dynamic load conditions despite technological advancements. This research introduces a secondary controller designed for load frequency control (LFC) to maintain stability during unexpected load changes by optimally tuning the parameters of a Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller using pelican optimization algorithm (POA). An interconnected power system for ith multi-area is modeled in this study; meanwhile, for determining the optimal PID gain settings, a four-area interconnected power system is developed consisting of thermal, reheat thermal, hydroelectric, and gas turbine units based on the ith area model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate the proposed controller's robustness under different load conditions (1%, 2%, and 10% step load perturbation) and adjusting nominal parameters (R, Tp, and Tij) within a range of ±25% and ±50%. The performance response indicates that the POA-optimized PID controller achieves superior performance in frequency stabilization and oscillation reduction, with the lowest integral time absolute error (ITAE) value showing improvements of 7.01%, 7.31%, 45.97%, and 50.57% over gray wolf optimization (GWO), Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm (MFOA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research project, the optimal design and design evaluation of a hybrid microgrid based on solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, and diesel generators were performed. The conventional grid-tied mode was used in addition to dispatch strategy-based control. The study's test location was the loads in the Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering (EECE) department at Pabna University of Science and Technology (PUST), Pabna, Bangladesh. DIgSILENT PowerFactory was employed to determine the power system-based behaviors (electrical power, current, voltage, and frequency) of the proposed hybrid system, while a derivative-free algorithm was used for the expense, optimal size, and emission assessments. While developing the microgrid, load following (LoF) and cycle charging (CyC) control were employed. The microgrid is supposed to have a 23.31 kW peak load requirement. The estimated microgrid's levelized cost of energy (LE), its net present cost (NC), its operating cost, and its annual harmful gas emissions were estimated in this work. Additionally, since the microgrid is grid-connected, the amount of energy output that might be exported to the grid was also estimated, which will potentially increase during blackouts. The power system responses found in this study ensure that the various microgrid components' voltage, frequency, current, and power outcomes are steady within the designated range, making the microgrid practical and robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage schemes (ESSs) integrated into a microgrid (MG) system have been widely used in power generation and distribution to provide a constant supply of electricity. The power electronics converters, particularly the bidirectional power converters (BPCs), are promising interfaces for MG infrastructure because they control the power management of the whole MG system. The controller of BPCs can be designed using several different control strategies. However, all the existing controllers have system stability, dynamics, and power quality issues. Therefore, this study demonstrates the development of an LCL-filtered grid-connected bidirectional AC–DC converter's (BADC) control strategy based on voltage-oriented control (VOC) to overcome these issues. The proposed VOC-based inner current control loop (ICCL) is implemented in synchronous dq-coordinate with the help of proportional-integral (PI) controllers. An observer-based active damping (AD) is also developed in order to estimate the filter capacitor current from the capacitor voltage instead of directly measuring it. This developed AD system helps to damp the resonance effect of the LCL filter, improves system stability, and also eliminates the practical challenges of measuring capacitor current. The proposed controller with AD is able to realize bidirectional power transfer (BPT) with reduced power losses due to the elimination of passive damping and improved power quality, system dynamics, and stability. The mathematical modeling of the suggested system was developed, and the structure of the system model was established in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the proposed system was validated with real-time software-in-the-loop (RT-SIL) simulation using the OPAL-RT simulator for a 16 kVA converter system. The real-time (RT) simulation results show that the BADC with the proposed control scheme can provide better dynamic performance and operate with tolerable total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2.62% and 2.71% for inverter and rectifier modes of operation, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the generation of energy relies primarily on the usage of harmful fossil fuels all over the world. New technologies, on the other hand, have enabled renewable energy resources to have a reduced environmental effect, greater long‐term sustainability, and, in some cases, to be cheaper than fossil fuels. Microgrids that use renewable resources can deliver low‐cost clean electricity while also improving local resiliency. They do, however, have certain issues in terms of regulating internal frequency and voltage within a microgrid, which is hampered by the intermittent nature of renewable sources. An islanded Microgrid for San Andres, Colombia has been designed for 24.57 kW peak load composed of a PV‐wind‐storage system by considering dispatch strategy based control in Homer Pro and assessed utilizing Simulink/MATLAB. Lastly, a PLC‐SCADA system along a HMI (Human‐Machine Interface) in C# was created to monitor the Microgrid in real‐time and produce an alarm as the microgrid elements are not operating within their ideal range of operational. The data from HMI is automatically uploaded to a cloud database. This work incorporates the dispatch control based techno‐economic design, assessment and a complete supervisory control strategy for an optimum microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous network (HetNet) is a specified cellular platform to tackle the rapidly growing anticipated data traffic. From a communications perspective, data loads can be mapped to energy loads that are generally placed on the operator networks. Meanwhile, renewable energy-aided networks offer to curtailed fossil fuel consumption, so to reduce the environmental pollution. This paper proposes a renewable energy based power supply architecture for the off-grid HetNet using a novel energy sharing model. Solar photovoltaics (PV) along with sufficient energy storage devices are used for each macro, micro, pico, or femto base station (BS). Additionally, a biomass generator (BG) is used for macro and micro BSs. The collocated macro and micro BSs are connected through end-to-end resistive lines. A novel-weighted proportional-fair resource-scheduling algorithm with sleep mechanisms is proposed for non-real time (NRT) applications by trading-off the power consumption and communication delays. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm with an extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) and power saving mode (PSM) for narrowband internet of things (IoT) applications extends the battery lifetime for IoT devices. HOMER optimization software is used to perform optimal system architecture, economic, and carbon footprint analyses while the Monte-Carlo simulation tool is used for evaluating the throughput and energy efficiency performances. The proposed algorithms are validated through the practical data of the rural areas of Bangladesh from which it is evident that the proposed power supply architecture is energy-efficient, cost-effective, reliable, and eco-friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimising voltage levels to a controlled stable level at a facility can not only reduce the cost of energy but also enhance equipment performance, prolong equipment life, reduce maintenance costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Voltage optimisation (VO) technology has been widely used in a number of different industries locally and internationally, but not to a large extent within the red meat processing sector in Australia. To determine whether VO technology can be implemented, and whether it is technically and economically viable for red meat processing sites, this study investigated, through case study analyses, the potential effectiveness of VO technology in Australian abattoirs. Through an extensive literature survey, the study initially explored the need and considerations of deploying VO technologies at a typical red meat processing plant. To determine the advantages of using VO technology the study then performed site analyses to investigate power quality (PQ) issues, such as voltage regulation, harmonics and power factor, at two typical medium-sized abattoirs, one in Western Australia and another in Queensland. Finally, an economic assessment of the use of VO in the red meat processing industry was undertaken to identify the potential electricity savings and payback periods. From the case study analyses, it is evident that power quality issues, such as under voltage, overvoltage, and harmonic distortion, can be reduced and significant energy savings can be achieved with the optimum selection of VO technology and voltage level. The outcomes of this study will enable engineering and operations staff to be better informed about the economic and technical benefits of (and possible issues with) using VO technologies in an abattoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]