Search

Background and Objective: Genitourinary neurofibroma is a benign nerve sheath tumor commonly found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. This disease is very rare and can appear in all urinary tracts. Considering the rarity of neurofibromatosis of the bladder, the present case report is introduced with the aim of showing the importance of this pathology. Case Report: The patient is a 25-year-old man who visited the urology clinic last month due to hematuria. The patient did not mention any other clinical symptoms. An ultrasound was requested for the patient, and a mass was reported in the bladder. The patient underwent mass resection through the urethra. In the pathological and immunohistochemical studies, the patient was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis. The general condition of the patient after surgery is good and the patient's symptoms are resolved. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the patient was symptomatic and had a mass in the bladder on ultrasound. Due to the lack of a previous diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 for the patient and the lack of a definite diagnosis about the type of mass, the best treatment approach is surgery and complete removal of the mass. After the final diagnosis based on histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, the best approach is to follow up the patient with imaging.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Testicular cancer is almost the only common genitourinary tract cancer at a young age. One of the risk factors for testicular tumors is undescended testicles. If testicular fixation is corrected in the normal position, the probability of testicular cancer decreases in the undescended testicle before puberty, but it does not disappear, and the patient should be examined for a long time. The purpose of this case report is to introduce a patient who, despite undergoing orchidopexy, has developed asynchronous bilateral testicular cancer, which shows the importance of long-term follow-up in people with a history of undescended testicles. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 54-year-old man with a history of congenital bilateral undescended testicles, infertile, and orchidopexy surgery in childhood and a history of classic seminoma in the left testicle four years ago. Again, in periodic follow-ups and examination of the right testicle, a mass in the right testicle was touched, which showed malignant changes in the ultrasound. Serum levels of testicular markers were normal. According to the sonographic findings, examinations and patient records, the patient underwent radical right testicular orchidectomy. Classic seminoma was reported in the results of right testicle pathology, and in further examinations, no evidence of metastasis was seen. The patient is currently undergoing follow-up and postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this case reported in patients with intangible testicles, especially bilateral, long-term follow-up is necessary for asynchronous bilateral testicular cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The FGFR3 gene plays an important role in regulating growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. The genetic changes of the FGFR3 gene are one of the most important factors in bladder cancer. Active mutations of FGFR3 have been observed in about 70% of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate T375C mutation of FGFR3 gene in genomic DNA extracted from bladder epithelial cells and the risk of bladder cancer. METHODS: In this case-control study, 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with bladder cancer who referred to health centers in northern Iran were selected using convenience sampling after confirmation of the diagnosis of this disease after pathological examinations of the biopsy. Differences in the frequency of allele and genotype were evaluated. After urine centrifugation, genomic DNA was extracted from cell precipitate using commercial kit. The status of T375C mutation of FGFR3 gene was studied using specific primers and tetra-ARMS-PCR technique. FINDINGS: The frequency of genotypes was 94% (TT), 4% (TC) and 2% (CC) in the case group versus the absence of the TC and CC genotypes in the control group. There was a significant relationship between allelic and genotypic distribution (p = 0.0124 and p = 0.0192, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the T375C mutation of the FGFR3 gene may be a genetic susceptibility factor to bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) followed by urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major contributing factor to kidney failure, especially during early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous high-grade VUR resolution in infants aged less than one year. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Amirkola Children’s Hospital of Babol, Iran on all the infants aged less than one year with high-grade VUR (III-V). Infants were followed-up in terms of at least one kidney per age, reflux grade, and kidney failure for two years. Evaluation of reflux resolution was performed using voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and radionuclide cystography (RNC) each year. In addition, presence of kidney failure was assessed via dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan within at least 4-6 months after the last UTI diagnosis. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.22 using Chi-square and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. FINDINGS: In total, 97 kidneys in 49 infants were evaluated (one infant had only one kidney). Among the studied patients, 29 infants (59.2%) were female, and mean age of the study population was 5.9±3.66 months. Out of 49 infants with VUR, complete recovery was observed in 33 cases (67.3%), while partial resolution (reduced grade of reflux) was reported in 13 cases (26.5%), and lack of resolution was observed in 3 cases (6.1%). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, spontaneous resolution of high-grade VUR could occur in a high percentage of infants aged less than one year. Therefore, it is recommended that early surgical operation be reconsidered for this patient population

A self-fermented probiotic beverage Kanji-prepared from roots of Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. var. vavilovii Mazk. (Apiaceae)-is widely consumed in many Asian countries due to a number of therapeutic claims. However, this beverage is only available for 2-3 months due to instability and availability of raw material. Therefore, to make this remedy available for longer period, the present study describes accelerated stability and different kinetic parameters of Kanji and ethanol extract of its major ingredient using metabolomics comparison and marker-based HPLC method. The samples were stored at three different conditions of temperature and relative humidity for a period of six months. UV-visible metabolomics fingerprints of both the samples taken at different time intervals compared to assess the stability under stress conditions. The same samples were then analyzed using HPLC method with florescent detection for the determination of ferulic acid contents which were used to determine kinetic parameters and predict shelf life at 25° C. Metabolomics fingerprints comparison showed decrease in peak intensities and appearance of entirely different profiles in samples stored at high temperature and relative humidity. Based on ferulic acid contents, both the products followed zero order degradation. Ethanol extract was found to be having higher shelf life, activation energy and pre-exponential factor than that of the Kanji. The results of the present study indicate that Kanji manufacturers may use UV-visible metabolomics profiles for the assessment of stability and ethanol extract of roots of Daucus carota L. to make this beverage available throughout the year.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple, robust, reliable and an accurate isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantification of Losartan potassium in solid dosage form using DAD Detector. Elution was carried out with mobile phase comprising of 0.01 M monobasic potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted at pH 3.0 ± 0.05 with ortho-phosphoric acid) and methanol (40: 60), through octadecyl silyl (C18) column (15 cm x 4.6 mm x 5 μl), at flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 230 nm. The developed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines (ICH 2005). The assay was linear in concentration range of 1-3 µgmL-1 with Correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.036 µgmL-1 and limit of quantification was 0.110 µg/ml. Similarly, method accuracy was asses by comparing the %RSD of BP method with the %RSD of the method developed which shows RSD for standard method was 1.012% while for developed method it was 1.516% and combined RSD of both two methods was found 1.823% that was as per the precision criteria of accuracy i.e.

A simple, precise and sensitive reversed-phase HPLC method using Photo-diode array detector for simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan (DXM) and chlorpheniramine (CLP) in various matrices had been developed and validated. The separation was achieved within 8 minutes on a C-18 column (15 cm x 4.6 mm x 5 μm) using methanol/ pH 3.0 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v) mobile phase in an isocratic elution mode with flow rate 0.8 mL/min and UV-detection at 230 nm. External standard was employed for quantification. The current method demonstrated good linearity ranged 1-200 µg/mL for CLP (retention time 3.83 ± 0.10 min) with r2 of 0.9994 and 2-1000 µg/mL for DXM (retention time 5.02 ± 0.10 min) with R2 of 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.25 µg/mL and 1.0 µg/mL for CLP and 0.50 µg/mL and 1.5 µg/mL for DXM. No interference from matrices was observed and samples remained stable in the HPLC injector for 12 h. The developed method was accurate that employed a simple liquid/liquid extraction procedure with recovery ranged 90.0%-101.9% for both analytes. Intra and inter-day precision were less than 2.5%. The method was proved robust and reproducible that is applicable to pharmaceutical (active raw materials, syrups) and biological (blood) matrices.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the most common form of malignancy among men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to screen for prostate cancer and may vary depending on different factors, such as age. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off value for PSA in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with prostate biopsy diagnosis undergoing transrectal ultrasound during 2011-2014. Data collection was performed using prepared checklists. FINDINGS: In total, 422 patients were enrolled in this study, 180 of whom (42.7%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 242 (57.3%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Mean age of the patients was 63.03±9.62 years, and the mean PSA was 27.95±64.44 ng/ml. The mean of PSA in patients over 51 years was 28.66±65.51 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than the values of the patients under 50 years of age (p=0.005). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, the risk of prostate cancer was higher in the men within the age range of 60-80 years. In addition, patients with PSA levels of 10-20 ng/mL need to be fully screened for prostate cancer.

Background: Recognition of the predisposing factors of bladder cancer is very important and provides possible prevention measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the types, distribution of bladder tumors and their relationship with opium consumption and smoking in patients who referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, all patients diagnosed with bladder cancer who underwent surgery during 2001-2012 were enrolled. The subjects of the control group were selected among the patients who underwent ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) for gallstone and had no tumors and genitourinary problems. Data regarding demographic, pathology reports and tumor type, smoking status, history of opium consumption and its duration were collected. Patients and controls were compared using t-test and chi-square test. SPSS software Version 20 was used for analysis. Results: In this study, 175 patients with an average age of 63.30±15.29 years and 175 age- matched controls were studied. A significant association was observed between smoking and opium consumption with bladder cancer (P=0.001 for both). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that opium consumption and smoking are associated with bladder cancer

Second primary malignancy following multiple myeloma (MM) was reported several years ago. There are also rare reports of cases with synchronous MM and other malignancies. To our knowledge, only one case of MM following bladder cancer has been reported in the literature. Here, we report the second case occurred three months after diagnosis of bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The testis is a rare site for prostate cancer metastases and is usually found in autopsies or incidentally after therapeutic orchiectomies. The prognosis for such patients is very poor. Bilateral orchiectomies were done for patients. The aim of this report was to introduce one case of testicular metastases from prostate carcinoma.CASE: The patient was a 75 year old male that has prostatism signs. Primary examination showed the increase of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Biopsy and nuclear scan were requested for patient. Pathology reported multifocal infiltrating prostate adenocarcinoma, also estimated Gleason score of 4+5=9 and vertebral column involvement. The patient was candidate for bilateral orchiectomies and ten sessions of radiation for vertebral column was requested. After pathology feature and immunohistochemical (IHC) study for testis, deposits of carcinoma were posed. Now, symptoms related to bone pain are decreased, and PSA=68 ng/ml change to PSA=6 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Considering the reported case, evaluation in patients with prostate carcinoma by clinical examination, pathology assessment of testis tissue and biomarkers seems to be necessary.

The present study is an attempt to assess internet addiction, impulsivity and psychological distress among university students.The sample in the study consisted of one hundred fifty university students out of which 75 were males and 75 werefemales who were selected on the purposive basis from the main campus of Kashmir University. Young’s Internet AddictionScale (IAT), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and Demographic Datasheet were used to collect research data from informants. The obtained data were analysed by frequency method, Pearson correlation method and t-test. The results revealed that male university students experienced more internet addiction,impulsivity and psychological distress as compared to the female university students and a significant positive correlationwas found between internet addiction and psychological distress; and internet addiction and impulsivity among university students. Moreover, the results also indicated that rural university students experienced more internet addiction and psychological distress as compared to urban university students. Keywords: Internet Addiction; Impulsivity; Psychological Distress; University Students.

Measured values of the differential cross sections for pion-nucleon charge exchange, π-p→π0n, are presented for π- momenta of 103, 112, 120, 130, 139, 152, and 178 MeV/c. Complete angular distributions were obtained by using the Crystal Ball detector at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Statistical uncertainties of the differential cross sections vary from 3 to 6% in the backward angle region and from 6 to about 20% in the forward region with the exception of the two most forward angles. The systematic uncertainties are estimated to be about 3% for all momenta.