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23 results on '"Shabnam, Nadia"'

21. The income-elasticity of calories, macro and micro nutrients: What is the literature telling us?

Author

Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano and Shabnam, Nadia

Subjects
jel:O13, Calorie, Food Security, Income Elasticity, Meta-Analysis, Nutrient, jel:Q1, jel:O1, jel:Q18
Abstract

Food security and nutrition have become central to the policy agendas of governmental and non-governmental organizations due to their consequences on health and economic development. Changes in consumption patterns in response to price and income changes could impact on nutrient intake with related positive or negative consequences. This article aims to systematically review the elasticity of calories, macronutrients and micronutrients to income in developing and developed countries. We consider a large set of estimates on income elasticity for calories, protein, fat, zinc, iron and vitamin A. This is one of the few reviews that examines the estimates for income elasticity of calories, micronutrients, and micronutrients on a comparative basis. Moreover, we investigate the determinants of the heterogeneity in estimates by means of a rigorous and popular approach of meta-analysis. We found a substantial publication bias, and, in particular, we found that the quality of data is very important as it is able to influence estimates.

Published
2015

23. Predictive Strength of Risk Factors of Stroke.

Author

Shabnam, Nadia, Khan, Hina, and Khan, Masood Amjad

Subjects
*STROKE, *HOSPITALS, *HEART disease risk factors
Abstract

The objective is to identify the risk factors for Stroke and to estimate their relative importance in a large nationally representative sample of 277 patients randomly selected public sector hospitals of Rawalpindi that we checked through modeling that which factors can contribute more significantly as compared to others in developing Stroke in this nationally representative sample. A hospital based case-control study of 277 patients with 78% cases (163 Ischemic and 52 Hemorrhagic) and 22% controls are carried out during the six months period of February 2008 to July 2008. Data is collected from Military Hospital Rawalpindi (MH) and Rawalpindi General Hospital (RGH) through well-designed and structured questionnaire. Data is classified and analyzed as socio-demographic and clinical risk factors. The analysis is descriptive as well as analytical. Multiple Logistic Regression Model and Probability of predicted risk of disease were used to get the degree of association between risk factors and Stroke. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are computed. The study shows that the incidence of stroke is due to three socio-demographic risk factors age (OR=1.045, p=0.000), home environment (OR=1.870, p=0.048) and living style (OR=1.731, p=0.003) and six clinical risk factors Hypertension (OR=59.570, p=0.000), Diabetes Mellitus (OR=5.163, p=0.001), Cholesterol Level (OR=12.113, p=0.000), Smoking (OR=5.137, p=0.002), Heart Diseases (OR=11.660, p=0.000) and Central Nervous System Infections (OR=7.580, p=0.009).The study concludes that Hypertension, Cholesterol Level and Heart Diseases are found to be the strongest significant risk factors in both genders to develop Stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

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