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Abstract Background Depression represents a frequent mental health challenge in individuals with fractures, negatively impacting their recuperation and overall well-being. The purpose of this research was to formulate and corroborate a prognostic framework for pinpointing depression risk among fracture sufferers by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020 and a separate hospital-based group. Methods We analyzed records from 1,748 individuals with fractures documented in the NHANES database spanning 2005 to 2020, of which 362 were diagnosed with depression, as indicated by a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of 10 or higher. An additional validation group comprised 360 fracture patients sourced from a medical center. Considered variables for prediction encompassed demographic details, lifestyle habits, past medical conditions, and laboratory results. The method of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression facilitated the narrowing down of variables, while multivariate logistic regression was employed to pinpoint significant predictors. To assist in prediction, a nomogram was designed and subsequently validated. Results Five independent predictors were identified: drinking, insomnia, poverty-to-income ratio, education level, and white blood cell count. The nomogram showed good discrimination in the NHANES cohorts (training area under the curve (AUC) 0.734, validation AUC 0.740) and hospital-based external validation (AUC 0.711). Calibration curves and decision analysis supported its predictive accuracy and clinical value. Conclusion The constructed nomogram offers a precise and clinically relevant instrument for forecasting depression risk in patients with fractures, facilitating the early detection of individuals at high risk and enabling prompt intervention.

Abstract Understanding listeners’ perceptions of consecutive interpreting (CI) quality is crucial for the interpreting profession and service management. However, research in this area is still in its early stages, lacking in-depth exploration of how listeners’ subjective factors impact their perceived CI quality and the extent of these interactions. This study introduced a research model based on existing literature, incorporating six key listener variables: listeners’ quality expectations, perceived characteristics of the interpreter, experiences with CI, domain knowledge, perceived dependence on CI, and perceived communicative effect. A case-based survey was conducted during a simulated interpreter-mediated technical conference. We surveyed 107 conference attendees before and after the technical event, testing 11 proposed hypotheses using their self-reported data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that (1) domain knowledge has a negative impact on listeners’ perceived CI quality, while the remaining five listener variables positively influence their CI quality perceptions. Quality expectations emerge as the most influential predictor, followed by perceived characteristics of the interpreter and perceived communicative effect. (2) Listeners’ perceived characteristics of the interpreter and perceived communicative effect are positively predicted by their quality expectations, which highlights the fundamental role of quality expectations. (3) Domain knowledge and experiences with CI are confirmed as significant factors influencing quality expectations, while perceived characteristics of the interpreter significantly drive perceived communicative effect. Overall, the findings reveal the complex interplay of these subjective factors and illustrate how they collectively shape listeners’ perceptions of CI quality. Theoretical and practical implications for professional interpreting practice and interpreter training are also discussed.

Abstract Immunotherapy is the first-line therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet many patients do not respond due to drug resistance and the lack of reliable predictive markers. We collected 73 ESCC patients (including discovery cohort and validation cohort) without immune thrombocytopenia and undergoing anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of 73 ESCC treatment-naive samples by mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification were applied to explore the potential resistant and sensitive mechanisms, and identify predictive markers of ESCC immunotherapy. Comparative analysis found the pathways related to immune and mitochondrial functions were associated with ESCC immunotherapy sensitivity; while platelet activation bioprocess showed negative correlation with CD8+ T cells and related to ESCC immunotherapy non-sensitivity. Finally, we identified 10 ESCC immunotherapy predictive biomarkers with high accuracy (≥ 0.90) to predict the immunotherapeutic response, which was validated in the independent cohort.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the clinical treatment for tumor. However, the low response rate of ICIs remains the major obstacle for curing patients and effective approaches for patients with primary or secondary resistance to ICIs remain lacking. In this study, immune stimulating agent unmethylated CG-enriched (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) was locally injected into the tumor to trigger a robust immune response to eradicate cancer cells, while anti-CD25 antibody was applied to remove immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, which further enhanced the host immune activity to attack tumor systematically. The combination of CpG and anti-CD25 antibody obtained notable regression in mouse melanoma model. Furthermore, rechallenge of tumor cells in the xenograft model has resulted in smaller tumor volume, which demonstrated that the combinational treatment enhanced the activity of memory T cells. Remarkably, this combinational therapy presented significant efficacy on multiple types of tumors as well and was able to prevent relapse of tumor partially. Taken together, our combinational immunotherapy provides a new avenue to enhance the clinical outcomes of patients who are insensitive or resistant to ICIs treatments.

The prediction of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) subcellular localization is essential to the understanding of its function and involvement in cellular regulation. Traditional biological experimental methods are costly and time-consuming, making computational methods the preferred approach for predicting lncRNA subcellular localization (LSL). However, existing computational methods have limitations due to the structural characteristics of lncRNAs and the uneven distribution of data across subcellular compartments. We propose a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based model for predicting LSL, called DlncRNALoc. We construct a physicochemical property matrix of a 2-tuple bases based on lncRNA sequences, and we introduce a DWT lncRNA feature extraction method. We use the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) for oversampling and the local fisher discriminant analysis (LFDA) algorithm to optimize feature information. The optimized feature vectors are fed into support vector machine (SVM) to construct a predictive model. DlncRNALoc has been applied for a five-fold cross-validation on the three sets of benchmark datasets. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the superiority and effectiveness of the DlncRNALoc model in predicting LSL.

Abstract The progression of urothelial bladder cancer (UC) is a complicated multi-step process. We perform a comprehensive multi-omics analysis of 448 samples from 190 UC patients, covering the whole spectrum of disease stages and grades. Proteogenomic integration analysis indicates the mutations of HRAS regulated mTOR signaling to form urothelial papilloma rather than papillary urothelial cancer (PUC). DNA damage is a key signaling pathway in the progression of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and related to APOBEC signature. Glucolipid metabolism increase and lower immune cell infiltration are associated with PUC compared to CIS. Proteomic analysis distinguishes the origins of invasive tumors (PUC-derived and CIS-derived), related to distinct clinical prognosis and molecular features. Additionally, loss of RBPMS, associated with CIS-derived tumors, is validated to increase the activity of AP-1 and promote metastasis. This study reveals the characteristics of two distinct branches (PUC and CIS) of UC progression and may eventually benefit clinical practice.

Abstract Background Quantitative proteomics is an indispensable tool in life science research. However, there is a lack of reference materials for evaluating the reproducibility of label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based measurements among different instruments and laboratories. Results Here, we develop the Quartet standard as a proteome reference material with built-in truths, and distribute the same aliquots to 15 laboratories with nine conventional LC–MS/MS platforms across six cities in China. Relative abundance of over 12,000 proteins on 816 mass spectrometry files are obtained and compared for reproducibility among the instruments and laboratories to ultimately generate proteomics benchmark datasets. There is a wide dynamic range of proteomes spanning about 7 orders of magnitude, and the injection order has marked effects on quantitative instead of qualitative characteristics. Conclusion Overall, the Quartet offers valuable standard materials and data resources for improving the quality control of proteomic analyses as well as the reproducibility and reliability of research findings.

Duodenal cancer (DC) has complex subtypes and undergoes complicated morphological changes throughout progression, so understanding the molecular basis is crucial. Here, the authors perform a proteogenomics analysis of 156 DCs, revealing molecular subtypes as well as the roles of smoking, AARS1 and PARP1.

The progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from early to advanced stages requires comprehensive molecular characterisation. Here, the authors perform a proteogenomics analysis of ESCC patient samples across nine histopathological stages and three phases, identifying key alterations and paths for progression.

Abstract Background In children, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the main cause of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). To identify specific candidates and the mechanism of steroid resistance, we examined the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) renal tissue protein profiles via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods Renal biopsies from seven steroid-sensitive (SS) and eleven steroid-resistant (SR) children FSGS patients were obtained. We examined the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) renal tissue protein profiles via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, as well as the construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed. Two proteins were further valiadated by immunohistochemistry staining in FSGS patients and mice models. Results In total, we quantified more than 4000 proteins, of which 325 were found to be differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the SS and SR group (foldchange ≥2, P

Macrophage is located in different tissue to serve diverse functions. Here the authors use mass spectrometry and bulk RNA-sequencing to profile 11 mouse macrophage populations from 8 tissues, and combine their de novo data with public datasets to report an integrated proteomic and transcriptomic landscape of mouse macrophage as a valuable resource.

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. Proteogenomic characterization and integrative proteomic analysis provide a functional context to annotate genomic abnormalities with prognostic value. Methods We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis of 217 PDAC tumors with paired non-tumor adjacent tissues. In vivo functional experiments were performed to further illustrate the biological events related to PDAC tumorigenesis and progression. Results A comprehensive proteogenomic landscape revealed that TP53 mutations upregulated the CDK4-mediated cell proliferation process and led to poor prognosis in younger patients. Integrative multi-omics analysis illustrated the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alteration led by genomic alterations such as KRAS mutations and ADAM9 amplification of PDAC tumorigenesis. Proteogenomic analysis combined with in vivo experiments revealed that the higher amplification frequency of ADAM9 (8p11.22) could drive PDAC metastasis, though downregulating adhesion junction and upregulating WNT signaling pathway. Proteome-based stratification of PDAC revealed three subtypes (S-I, S-II, and S-III) related to different clinical and molecular features. Immune clustering defined a metabolic tumor subset that harbored FH amplicons led to better prognosis. Functional experiments revealed the role of FH in altering tumor glycolysis and in impacting PDAC tumor microenvironments. Experiments utilizing both in vivo and in vitro assay proved that loss of HOGA1 promoted the tumor growth via activating LARP7-CDK1 pathway. Conclusions This proteogenomic dataset provided a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians seeking for better understanding and treatment of PDAC.

The mechanisms of resistance to therapy in gastric cancer remain to be explored. Here, proteomic profiling of 206 tumour tissues from patients treated with chemotherapy and anti-HER2-based therapy results in the identification of four molecular subtypes and the development of prognostic models.

Vitreoretinal lymphoma(VRL)is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and its early and correct diagnosis is still a great challenge because of its non-specific clinical presentation. For VRL diagnosis, pathological cytology is still the gold standard, but its diagnosis needs to combine with clinical manifestations, imaging features, immunological and molecular technology and so on. With the advancement of diagnostic technology, more efficient techniques of cytology and assistant diagnosis have been explored. Cytokines and interleukin score for intraocular lymphoma diagnosis(ISOLD), myeloid differentiation gene 88(MYD88)mutation and next-generation sequencing have higher diagnostic accuracy, so they have gradually become important auxiliary diagnostic methods and research hotspots.

Mutations in genes encoding components of chromatin modifying and remodeling complexes are among the most frequently observed somatic events in human cancers. For example, missense and nonsense mutations targeting the mixed lineage leukemia family member 3 (MLL3, encoded by KMT2C) histone methyltransferase occur in a range of solid tumors, and heterozygous deletions encompassing KMT2C occur in a subset of aggressive leukemias. Although MLL3 loss can promote tumorigenesis in mice, the molecular targets and biological processes by which MLL3 suppresses tumorigenesis remain poorly characterized. Here, we combined genetic, epigenomic, and animal modeling approaches to demonstrate that one of the mechanisms by which MLL3 links chromatin remodeling to tumor suppression is by co-activating the Cdkn2a tumor suppressor locus. Disruption of Kmt2c cooperates with Myc overexpression in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which MLL3 binding to the Cdkn2a locus is blunted, resulting in reduced H3K4 methylation and low expression levels of the locus-encoded tumor suppressors p16/Ink4a and p19/Arf. Conversely, elevated KMT2C expression increases its binding to the CDKN2A locus and co-activates gene transcription. Endogenous Kmt2c restoration reverses these chromatin and transcriptional effects and triggers Ink4a/Arf-dependent apoptosis. Underscoring the human relevance of this epistasis, we found that genomic alterations in KMT2C and CDKN2A were associated with similar transcriptional profiles in human HCC samples. These results collectively point to a new mechanism for disrupting CDKN2A activity during cancer development and, in doing so, link MLL3 to an established tumor suppressor network.

Objective: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provides promising strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. This study aimed to explore impact and underlying mechanism of the combination therapy of quercetin and anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody on HCC. Methods: Orthotopically transplanted HCC tumors in mice were treated with quercetin, anti-PD-1 antibody, or a combination of both therapies. Histopathological changes and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were characterized by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The diversity and differences of gut microbiota (GM) were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing. Levels of macrophage immunity-related cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot. Results: Combination therapy reduced necrosis, fibrosis, and PD-L1 expression in liver tissues. Additionally, combination therapy reduced GM imbalance and increased abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota at the phylum level as well as Dubosiella and Akkermansia at the genus level. Combination therapy improved macrophage immunity, raised the expressions of CD8a, CD4, CD11b, interleukin (IL)-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ , and declined the expressions of IL-4, IL-6, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα), and the NFκB subunit p65. Upon combination therapy, expressions of M2 macrophage-related genes arginase-1 (Arg-1), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were upregulated. Instead, M1 macrophage-related genes IL-6, IL-12a, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were downregulated. Conclusions: Quercetin/anti-PD-1 antibody combination therapy reshaped HCC tumor microenvironment in mice in parallel with regulating the GM and macrophage immunity.

Abstract Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common pathological type of bladder cancer, a malignant tumor. However, an integrated multi-omics analysis of the Chinese UC patient cohort is lacking. Methods We performed an integrated multi-omics analysis, including whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis of 116 Chinese UC patients, comprising 45 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (NMIBCs) and 71 muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients (MIBCs). Result Proteogenomic integration analysis indicated that SND1 and CDK5 amplifications on chromosome 7q were associated with the activation of STAT3, which was relevant to tumor proliferation. Chromosome 5p gain in NMIBC patients was a high-risk factor, through modulating actin cytoskeleton implicating in tumor cells invasion. Phosphoproteomic analysis of tumors and morphologically normal human urothelium produced UC-associated activated kinases, including CDK1 and PRKDC. Proteomic analysis identified three groups, U-I, U-II, and U-III, reflecting distinct clinical prognosis and molecular signatures. Immune subtypes of UC tumors revealed a complex immune landscape and suggested the amplification of TRAF2 related to the increased expression of PD-L1. Additionally, increased GARS, related to subtype U-II, was validated to promote pentose phosphate pathway by inhibiting activities of PGK1 and PKM2. Conclusions This study provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians to further identify molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

IntroductionDespite the growing attention paid to the research of translation technology teaching (TTT), there is still a lack of studies on students’ attitudes and the motivational factors in relation to it. To this end, the paper reports on a questionnaire-based study that describes students’ attitudes towards translation technology (in the Chinese MTI context) and explores its structural relations with translation mindsets and future work self.MethodsData were collected from 108 grade 2021 MTI students of three selected Chinese universities and analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsThe results demonstrate that Chinese MTI students’ overall attitudes towards translation technology are slightly positive. So far, they perceive translation technology to be slightly effective for translation and are slightly mindful of it. They are slightly influenced by teachers and still feel inhibited when learning and using it. Furthermore, the results also indicate that growth translation mindsets positively influence students’ attitudes towards the effectiveness of translation technology, teacher influence, exhibition to translation technology, and mindfulness about translation technology, whereas fixed translation mindsets only negatively predict students’ teacher influence. Likewise, future work self-salience positively associates with students’ attitudes towards the effectiveness of translation technology and mindfulness about translation technology, while future work self-elaboration positively relates to students’ exhibition to translation technology. Among them, growth translation mindsets are the strongest predictor for all attitudes components.DiscussionTheoretical and pedagogical implications are also discussed.

Post transcriptional modifications to RNA may be important in the function of NK cells but this is not fully known. Here the authors show that m6A-methyltransferase METTL3 deletion in NK cells leads to reduced function and protection against tumour challenge through suppressing response to IL-15.

This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case of fetal mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL), and reviews the previous literature reports. At 38+2 weeks of gestation, prenatal ultrasound found a well bound mixed solid and cystic mass, which was located at the lower edge of the right lobe of the liver and in front of the right kidney of the fetus, but the source and nature of the mass were not clear by ultrasound. Due to the approaching due date, the fetus showed no other abnormal symptoms, and no special treatment was given with the consent of the family members. A female fetus was delivered weighing 3,520 g at 39 weeks. An exploratory laparotomy was performed on the eighth day after delivery. During the operation, it was found that the tumor originated from the fifth, sixth and seventh hepatic segment and the corresponding hepatic segments were removed. Recovery was uneventful and the infant was discharged on the 6th day after surgery. Follow-up at 2 years showed a thriving young girl, and there was no tumor recurrence.

The issue of employability has already become a well-delineated topic of study among interpreting educators. However, the current literature still lacks descriptive research on interpreting students' employability development and ignores the developmental effects of interpreter competences in this process. Moreover, the advantage of using career adaptability for measurement is also under-researched. This exploratory case study aims at taking an initial step forward, surveying interpreting students' career adaptability development and the developmental effects of different interpreter competences on major adaptability resources, and ultimately diagnosing curriculum problems and making modifications accordingly. Thirty grade 2019 interpreting students from three Chinese universities contributed to data collection, through six questionnaires in a two-wave survey. The results highlight that, throughout the Chinese MTI program, interpreting students could become more concerned and well prepared for their future (concern), more curious to explore themselves and their surroundings (curiosity), and more capable of solving problems (confidence). The results also indicate that students' knowledge and language competence serve as the major facilitators in this process, and that other interpreter competences, such as psychological competence, transfer competence, professionalism, and cross-cultural competence, are also instrumental. In order to further boost their adaptability constructs, the results suggest that students' language and knowledge competence, professionalism, and cross-cultural and mental agility still need to be improved. Five suggestions for curriculum revision have been raised accordingly. As an initial effort, the current study will hopefully inspire further studies on interpreting students' career adaptability and add more knowledge to the curriculum design from this viewpoint.

AIM: To compare the consistency of IOL Master 700 with IOL Master 500 and A-mode ultrasound for biological measurements, and evaluate the measurements of IOL Master 700 in preoperative examinations of cataract patients. METHODS:In this prospective study, a total of 52 patients(100 eyes)diagnosed as age-related cataract were selected at the Nanjing Medical University Eye Hospital. All the patients were examined in turn by IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500 and A-mode ultrasound. Measurements by these three instruments were compared for axial length(AL), corneal curvature(Km), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), white-to-white(W-W)and pupil diameter(P). The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman. RESULTS: The detection rates of AL and ACD with IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500 and A-mode ultrasound were 98%, 87%, 99% and 100%, 99%, 99%; respectively. The detection of Km with IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500 were 100%, 99%. The detection of W-W and P were both 99%. Among them, 24 eyes had high myopia, posterior scleral grape swelling and axial length ≥26mm. The detection of AL with IOL Master 700, IOL Master 500 and A-mode ultrasound were 96%, 79%, 96%. There was a significant difference in AL and ACD between three instruments(F=11.58, P=0.03; F=12.46, P=0.02). There were no significant differences in Km, W-W and P parameters among three instruments(all P>0.05). The average difference between three instruments for AL measurement: IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500 was 0.05±0.12mm, IOL Master 700 and A-mode ultrasound was 0.16±0.14mm; The average difference between three instruments for AL measurement in axial length≥26mm: IOL Master 700 and IOL Master 500 was 0.17±0.16mm, IOL Master 700 and A-mode ultrasound was 0.55±0.22mm. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation between the measured results of each equipment. The consistency of AL results using Bland-Altman analysis showed there was good consistency in the range of 95% consistency.CONCLUSION: There was high consistency in ocular biological measurements between three instruments in cataract eyes. However, the detection rate of IOL Master 700 in AL was higher than that of IOL Master 500, and the accuracy of the IOL Master 700 measurement was higher in the AL measurement in high myopia with posterior staphyloma. Compared with traditional examination equipment, IOL Master 700 has better penetration and accuracy to provide more accurate measurement parameters.

Background: The key active component(s) in an anti-tumor preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, Xihuang Pills, remains unclear. Methods: We used a network pharmacology analysis to construct a component-disease-target network diagram and used this to determine quercetin as a critical active ingredient in Xihuang Pills. Subsequently, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, H22 and HepG2 cells, were treated with quercetin, and BALB/c mice were injected with H22 cells and treated with different concentrations of quercetin. Tumor volume and weight were determined in these mice with and without quercetin administration. Immune and pro-inflammatory factors were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Macrophage polarization was assessed by western blot and flow cytometry. Finally, PD-L1, autophagy-related proteins, and the NF-κB pathway were also analyzed. Results: Quercetin could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion characteristics of HCC cells and promote apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. After quercetin treatment, tumor volume and weight significantly decreased in vivo. Granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF and G-CSF, respectively) levels were blunted in response to quercetin, as well as the PD-L1 level. CD86+ cell ratio was increased, while the CD206+ cell ratio was decreased, suggesting that macrophages tend to undergo M1 polarization in response to quercetin. The expression of LC3 II/I was increased, while the expression of p62 was down-regulated. The pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A, as well as NF-κB signaling were suppressed in a quercetin concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: Quercetin is a key ingredient of anti-HCC activity in Xihuang Pills by regulating macrophage polarization and promoting autophagy via the NF-κB pathway.

The growing popularity of interpreting technology in the industry has raised awareness of incorporating it into interpreter education. However, it is unclear what factors may contribute to students' behavioral use and the consequent effects of using it. With the addition of three external factors (motivation, task-technology fit, and technology self-efficacy) to the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model (UTAUT), we surveyed 182 Chinese student interpreters and tested 14 proposed hypotheses using their response data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that students' actual use of interpreting technology is primarily predicted by their behavioral intention, followed by facilitating conditions. Three factors are found to positively and significantly affect students' behavioral intention, of which task-technology fit and performance expectancy have the most significant influence. Furthermore, performance expectancy can positively affect students' motivation to learn interpreting, whereas motivation could exert an effect on use behavior. The enhanced UTAUT model identifies significant factors associated with students' use of interpreting technology and confirms its positive effects. Theoretical implications and practical significance for interpreting teaching and education policy-making regarding the findings are also discussed.

Diapause is a common biological phenomenon that occurs in many organisms, including fish, insects, and nematodes. In the silkworm (Bombyx mori), diapause generally occurs in the egg stage. Treatment with O2, HCl, or other compounds can prevent egg diapause. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of newly laid eggs treated with O2 or HCl. Digital gene expression analysis showed that 610 genes in O2-treated eggs and 656 in HCl-treated eggs were differentially expressed. Of these, 343 genes were differentially expressed in both treatments. In addition to trehalases, sorbic acid dehydrogenases, and some enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, we also identified heat shock proteins, cytochrome P450, and GADD45, which are related to stress tolerance. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed differentially expressed genes in O2-treated eggs were involved in oxidoreductase activity as well as in binding, catalytic, and metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the pathways for ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome, and circadian rhythm were significantly enriched in HCl-treated eggs. The reliability of the data was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Our results improved the understanding of the mechanism of diapause blocking in silkworm eggs treated with O2 or HCl and identified novel molecular targets for future studies.

The vascular-stromal elements of lymph nodes can play important roles in regulating the activities of the lymphocytes within. During model immune responses, the vascular-stromal compartment has been shown to undergo proliferative expansion and functional alterations. The state of the vascular-stromal compartment and the potential importance of this compartment in a spontaneous, chronic model of autoimmunity have not been well studied. Here, we characterize the vascular expansion in MRL-lpr/lpr lymph nodes and attempt to ask whether inhibiting this expansion can interfere with autoantibody generation. We show that characteristics of vascular expansion in enlarging MRL-lpr/lpr lymph nodes resemble that of the VEGF-dependent expansion that occurs in wild-type mice after model immunization. Surprisingly, treatment with SU5416, an inhibitor of VEGF and other receptor tyrosine kinases, did not have sustained effects in inhibiting vascular growth, but attenuated the anti-dsDNA response and altered the phenotype of the double negative T cells that are expanded in these mice. In examining for anatomic correlates of these immunologic changes, we found that the double negative T cells are localized within ectopic follicles around a central B cell patch and that these T cell-rich areas lack the T zone stromal protein ER-TR7 as well as other elements of a normal T zone microenvironment. SU5416 treatment disrupted these follicles and normalized the association between T zone microenvironmental elements and T cell-rich areas. Recent studies have shown a regulatory role for T zone stromal elements. Thus, our findings of the association of anti-dsDNA responses, double negative T cell phenotype, and altered lymphocyte microenvironment suggest the possibility that lymphocyte localization in ectopic follicles protects them from regulation by T zone stromal elements and functions to maintain autoimmune responses. Potentially, altering the lymphocyte microenvironment that is set up by the vascular-stromal compartment can be a means by which to control undesired autoimmune responses.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the application effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with tiapride hydrochloride tablets in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The medical records of 197 children with ADHD in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Seven children who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, and 190 children were finally included in this retrospective study. Based on the different clinical therapeutic methods, these children were divided into tiapride (n = 64), rTMS (n = 64), and combination (n = 62) groups. The clinical effects of different therapeutic schemes were compared. The clinical effectiveness and the scores of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale Version IV (SNAP-IV), Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale--Parent Report (WFIRS-P) were compared among the 3 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, course of disease, weight, and WISC-IV score among the combination, tiapride, and rTMS groups (all P > .05). The effective rate of treatment in the combination group (93.55%) was significantly higher than that in the tiapride group (78.13%) and the rTMS group (81.25%). There was a significant difference in the comparison of the combination group with the tiapride group (P = .013) and the rTMS group (P = .038). Before treatment, no significant difference existed in the scores of attention deficit symptoms and hyperactivity disorder symptoms among the 3 groups (all P > .05). After 3 months of treatment, the difference score of the combination group before and after treatment was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (all P < .001). Before treatment, no significant difference was found in the scores of conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders, impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity index among the 3 groups (all P > .05). After treatment, the combination group had significantly higher difference score before and after treatment than other 2 groups (all P < .001). There was no significant difference in WFIRS-P scores among the 3 groups before treatment (all P > .05). After treatment, the difference score in the combination group before and after treatment was significantly higher compared with other 2 groups (all P < .001). Conclusion: Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with tiapride hydrochloride tablets had a positive effect on improving the condition of children with ADHD, with certain clinical promotion value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulation of mutant proteins is a major cause of many diseases (collectively called proteopathies), and lowering the level of these proteins can be useful for treatment of these diseases. We hypothesized that compounds that interact with both the autophagosome protein microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3).sup.1 and the disease-causing protein may target the latter for autophagic clearance. Mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) contains an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract and causes Huntington's disease, an incurable neurodegenerative disorder.sup.2. Here, using small-molecule-microarray-based screening, we identified four compounds that interact with both LC3 and mHTT, but not with the wild-type HTT protein. Some of these compounds targeted mHTT to autophagosomes, reduced mHTT levels in an allele-selective manner, and rescued disease-relevant phenotypes in cells and in vivo in fly and mouse models of Huntington's disease. We further show that these compounds interact with the expanded polyQ stretch and could lower the level of mutant ataxin-3 (ATXN3), another disease-causing protein with an expanded polyQ tract.sup.3. This study presents candidate compounds for lowering mHTT and potentially other disease-causing proteins with polyQ expansions, demonstrating the concept of lowering levels of disease-causing proteins using autophagosome-tethering compounds. Compounds that interact with mutant huntingtin and an autophagosomal protein are able to reduce cellular levels of mutant huntingtin by targeting it for autophagic degradation, demonstrating an approach that may have potential for treating proteopathies., Author(s): Zhaoyang Li [sup.1] , Cen Wang [sup.1] , Ziying Wang [sup.1] , Chenggang Zhu [sup.2] , Jie Li [sup.3] , Tian Sha [sup.1] , Lixiang Ma [sup.4] , Chao [...]