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Alxa Bactrian camel meat is an organic diet that provides balanced nutrition and is easy to digest and absorb. Despite its potential, it is currently underutilized. To develop a new type of camel jerky, this study utilized a single‐factor design method to optimize the formula and fermentation process parameters of Alxa Bactrian camel jerky. Additionally, the physical and chemical composition, nutritional components, protein degradation, and microbial changes of the camel jerky were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional benefits of the new camel jerky created using modern fermentation technology. The results show that the optimal addition amounts of camel fermented jerky ingredients are 2.2% black pepper, 3% salt, 1.8% white sugar, and 9% cooking wine, whereas the optimal fermentation conditions by compound starter culture are 0.07% starter, 23 h of fermentation time, and a 30°C fermentation temperature. Compared to the single starter, the compound starter significantly increased the protein content, total amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, and a*, L*, and e‐values of jerky; however, it also decreased the water activity (aw), thiobarbituric acid, and pH values of jerky during storage. Compound starter strains can compensate for the shortage of single starters and improve the overall quality of meat products. These findings could provide new insights and serve as a reference for the development of camel meat products and hold significant importance for the growth of the camel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effect of plasma electric field assisted freezing on the quality and freezing process of mutton, the longissimus dorsi muscles of sheep was selected as the experimental material, the effect of the auxiliary plasma electric field of different field strength (1, 3 kV/m and 5 kV/m) on the freezing velocity of mutton and the distribution of ice crystal and the diameter and roundness of ice crystal in the frozen meat were studied, and the thermodynamic theory was used to analyze it. The results showed that the meat samples in the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma field environment had the shortest time to pass the maximum ice crystal generation zone at -20 °C and -35 °C, 70 min and 40 min, respectively, with significant differences compared with the control group (P <0.05); the tissue sections showed the smallest ice crystal area and grain size formed at -35 °C assisted 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, and -20 °C assisted the roundness of ice crystals was the highest in 5 kV/m plasma field freezing, with a mean value of 0.88, and the above indexes were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). The entropy of the system was analyzed using Boltzmann's formula, and the results showed that the entropy of the meat samples frozen by the assisted 5 kV/m plasma electric field was the smallest at -20°C and -35 °C, with significant differences compared with the control group (P<0.05). It proved that the auxiliary 5 kV/m plasma electric field could significantly improve the system frozen meat moisture vitrification degree, could make the crystallization process more controllable, the electric field assisted freezing required less energy to improve the subcooling degree, accelerate the freezing rate of meat samples, and the larger the field strength the more significant the effect. Based on the experimental results and energy-saving requirements, it was considered that -20 °C assisted 5 kV/m voltage freezing can be used as a new freezing method in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to optimize the utilization of deposited fat in Sunit sheep, with a focus on dietary nutrition. This study also elucidated variations in lipid metabolism among subcutaneous fat (SF), perirenal fat (PF), and tail fat (TF) in sheep of different ages using non-targeted lipidomic techniques. In total, 173 different lipids were identified, of which triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were prominent. The relative intensity of TG was highest at 6 months of age in three adipose depots. Glycerophospholipids (PLs) were expressed at peak levels in TF and SF at 18 months of age. Pathway analysis revealed that biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis were the main pathways involved in the metabolism of adipose depots. These findings provide a comprehensive reference for the metabolic characteristics and pathways of adipose tissue in sheep and the utilization of its by-products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH)., Methods: A case study has been carried out on a boy who had presented at the Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital for microcephaly and mental deficiency in September 2022. Prenatal ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed, and whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out for his family. A literature review was also carried out using keywords such as "ASPM gene", "microcephaly", "prenatal diagnosis", "primary microcephaly", "ASPM", "MCPH5", "MCPH", "autosomal recessive microcephaly", and "prenatal diagnosis on ultrasonography" on the PubMed database, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge until September 2023. This study was approved by the Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital (Ethics No. 2021-093-1)., Results: The proband had shown progressive reduction in biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) during the fetal period. He was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the ASPM gene, which included a paternally derived c.8044C>T (p.R2682X) and a maternally derived c.8652dup (p.A2885Sfs*35). Both variants were classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2&#95;Supporting+PP4; PVS1+PM2&#95;Supporting+PM3) based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). For other fetuses in his family, prenatal ultrasound and genetic testing were all normal. Literature research has identified 11 relevant articles, which included 14 MCPH cases. All of the MCPH5 cases had shown various degrees of reduced BPD/HC on fetal imaging (100%, 15/15). Developmental delay, intellectual disability, and attention deficits were noted in all survived cases, with one case having seizures (12.5%, 1/8). Their genotypes had included homozygotes (46.2%, 6/13) and compound heterozygotes (53.8%, 7/13) for nonsense variants (45%, 9/20) and frameshifting variants (55%, 11/20)., Conclusion: The compound heterozygous variants c.8044C>T (p.R2682X) and c.8652dup (p.A2885Sfs*35) of the ASPM gene probably underlay the reduced BPD and HC in this proband with MCPH.