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This paper aims to study the design, simulation, and optimization of low-loss Y-branch passive optical splitters up to 64 output ports for telecommunication applications. For a waveguide channel profile, the standard material silica-on-silicon is used. The Y-splitters are designed and simulated at telecommunication operating wavelength, λ = 1550 nm. Except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, and a core size of the waveguides, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters are considered fixed. The simulation results are analyzed to determine the optimum length of the splitters and the optimum core size. Based on this optimization the total length of the highest designed 1 × 64 Y-branch splitter was reduced by 41.14 % for a waveguide core ( 5 × 5 ) μ m 2 compared to the length of splitter with a standard ( 6 × 6 ) μ m 2 core size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design and optimization of 1 × 2N Y-branch optical splitters for telecom applications. A waveguide channel profile, used in the splitter design, is based on a standard silica-on-silicon material platform except for the lengths of the used Y-branches, design parameters such as port pitch between the waveguides and simulation parameters for all splitters were considered fixed. For every Y-branch splitter, insertion loss, non-uniformity, and background crosstalk are calculated. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length for each Y-branch is determined. Finally, the individual Y-branches are cascade joined to design various Y-branch optical splitters, from 1 × 2 to 1 × 64. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the design, simulation, evaluation, and technological verification of various low-index optical demultiplexers based on arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). When designing such optical demultiplexers, a set of input geometrical parameters must be first calculated. They are essential to create AWG layout that will be then simulated using commercial photonics tools. However, these tools do not support or support only partially such a fundamental calculation. Therefore, a new stand-alone tool called AWG-Parameters was developed, which strongly reduces the time needed for the design. From the calculated geometrical parameters, the AWG layouts were created and simulated using three commercial photonic tools: Optiwave, (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), Apollo Photonics, (Ancaster, Ontario, Canada), and R-Soft, (Pasadena, California). The designs were also technologically verified. The simulated/measured transmission characteristics were evaluated by our newly developed AWG-Analyzer tool. This tool provides calculations of AWG transmission parameters, which are also missing in commercial photonic tools. Additionally, the tool provides clear definitions of calculated transmission parameters together with their textual and graphical representations. Finally, the transmission characteristics and parameters achieved from different photonic tools were compared with each other and discussed in detail. The simulated results were also compared with the measurements. Very good agreement was achieved between theoretical (AWG-Parameters tool), simulated (commercial photonic tools), and fabricated AWG transmission parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, low-loss Y-branch splitters up to 128 splitting ratio are designed, simulated, and optimized by using 2D beam propagation method in OptiBPM tool by Optiwave. For an optical waveguide, a silica-on-silicon material platform is used. The splitters were designed as a planar structure for a telecommunication operating wavelength of 1.55 μ m. According to the minimum insertion loss and minimum non-uniformity, the optimum length for each Y-branch is determined. The influence of the pre-defined S-Bend waveguide shapes (Arc, Cosine, Sine) and of the waveguide core size reduction on the splitter performance has been also studied. The obtained simulation results of all designed splitters with different S-Bend shape waveguides together with the different waveguide core sizes are discussed and compared with each other. • We designed, simulated, and optimized the Y-branch splitters from 1 × 2 up to 1 × 128. • The splitters were designed with every predefined S-Bend shape (Arc, Cosine, Sine). • The waveguide core size was optimized to support only fundamental mode propagation. • 1 × 128 optimized splitters length was reduced almost to half of the original. • The optimized splitters reached significantly better optical performance as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents different approaches to increase the sensing area of NiO based semiconducting metal oxide gas sensors. Micro- and nanopatterned laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are generated on silicon and Si/SiO2 substrates. The surface morphologies of the fabricated samples are examined by FE SEM. We select the silicon samples with an intermediate Si3N4 layer due to its superior isolation quality over the thermal oxide for evaluating the hydrogen and acetone sensitivity of a NiO based test sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the technological verification of a size-optimized 160-channel, 50-GHz silicon nitride-based AWG-spectrometer. The spectrometer was designed for TM-polarized light with a central wavelength of 850 nm applying our proprietary "AWG-Parameters" tool. For the simulations of AWG layout, the WDM PHASAR photonics tool from Optiwave was used. The simulated results show satisfying optical properties of the designed AWG-spectrometer. However, the high-channel count causes a large AWG size with standard design approaches. To solve this problem we designed a special taper enabling the reduction of AWG structure by about 15% while keeping the same optical properties. The AWG design was fabricated and the measured spectra not only confirm the proposed size-reduction but also the improvement of optical properties of the size-optimized AWG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in integrated photonics enables development of photonics integrated circuits (PIC) with new unique properties and overcomes current limits in information and communication technologies. The effective coupling of optical radiation between telecom optical fiber and photonic integrated circuits is necessary. To address these challenges, we present our concept of photonics integrated circuit (PIC) fully customized packaging with microwave, direct current, and fiber array ports with automated active alignment system. Automated adjustment and coupling of single-mode fiber (SMF) arrays with 8 fibers to PIC based on the detection of edges and markers on PIC and SMF arrays were successfully realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present various designs of optical splitters for access networks, such as GPON and XG-PON by ITU-T with triple-play services (ie data, voice and video). The presented designs exhibit a step forward, compared to the solutions recommended by the ITU, in terms of performance in transmission systems using WDM. The quality of performance is represented by the bit error rate and the Q-factor. Besides the standard splitter design, we propose a new length-optimized splitter design with a smaller waveguide core, providing some reduction of non-uniformity of the power split between the output waveguides. The achieved splitting parameters are incorporated in the simulations of passive optical networks. For this purpose, the OptSim tool employing Time Domain Split Step method was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]