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Coronary artery disease is a multifactorial genetic disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Angiography is the gold standard method for the diagnosis and determ...

Coronary artery disease is a multifactorial genetic disease caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Angiography is the gold standard method for the diagnosis and determining the stage of cardiac disorder. The rs1800588 at the

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), which is a multifactorial genetic disease, is known as one of the most common causes of death worldwide. In this regard, X-ray Repair Cross-Complementing group 1 (XRCC1), a DNA repair protein involved in Single-Strand Breaks (SSBs), and Base Excision Repair (BER) pathways have been reported to be responsible for the efficient repair of single strand breaks and damaged bases in DNA. Objective: In the current study, we analyzed Arg399Gln (rs25487), which is one of the most common polymorphism of XRCC1 gene that might be associated with the increased risk for CAD. Method: This case-control study was performed to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and the CAD development. In this study, 290 patients and 216 controls were diagnosed by cardiac angiography and then screened for the above-mentioned polymorphism using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) method. Results: The frequency of the GA genotype of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487) was significantly higher in CAD patients compared to the controls (p=0.002, OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.37). Moreover, its dominant mode (AA + GA) genotype had a 1.851-fold increase in the risk of CAD (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that Arg399Gln polymorphism of XRCC1 (rs25487) has a significant relationship with CAD and also plays a probable predisposing role in that. Our results support the role of DNA damages and the malfunctions of DNA repair system in the patients with CAD.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are lengthy noncoding transcripts which are actively involved in crucial cellular pathways. Tissue-specific expression of lncRNAs besides its secretion into the body fluids, has made lncRNAs in attention as biomarkers of the diseases. According to the role of lncRNAs, especially H19 in cardiac regeneration, it is not surprising if their altered expression levels lead to cardiac diseases. In the present study, the relative expression of H19 was compared in the plasma of atherosclerotic myocardial infarction and control individuals by real time-PCR, and data were normalized using GAPDH. The association of plasma level of lipid and homocystine with H19 expression was also considered. The potential of H19 to discriminate the case from control was studied using the ROC analysis. We found that the plasma level of H19 transcript significantly increased in the plasma of patients in comparison with the control group. Additionally, the relative expression level of H19 was directly associated with the plasma homocystine level. The relative expression of H19 at threshold of 0.3 showed 70% sensitivity and 94% specificity to discriminate cases from controls. This study revealed that the expression level of H19 may be considered as a biomarker of myocardial infarction, although further studies are needed to generalize this finding.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. The role of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is very important in platelet adhesion, microcirculation, and acute stenosis and it contributes to the development of atherothrombotic processes. Objectives: We decided to evaluate the level of VWF in diabetic and non-diabetic patients as an effective factor in CAD. Methods: This study was performed on 65 patients (32 diabetic patients and 33 non-diabetic patients), who referred to an Echocardiography and Angiography Department. They were evaluated for the VWF level, blood group, and fasting blood glucose. Patients underwent echocardiography, angiography, and, if necessary, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during the hospitalization. They also underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) if they needed the surgery. After 40 days, we evaluated the anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), heart failure, and limb ischemia. Results: The VWF level was significantly higher in diabetic patients (P < 0.0001). Also, the increased VWF levels were significantly more frequent in diabetic patients under CABG than in non-diabetic patients under CABG (P = 0.013). There was a significant relationship between positive MACE and increased VWF levels. Conclusions: The level of VWF in diabetic patients increases cardiovascular problems. Therefore, it seems that these patients can benefit from VWF-reducing drugs. Clinical research can be promising in this field.

Background: Cardiogoniometry (CGM) is a novel non-invasive technique for quantitative three-dimensional vectorial analysis of myocardial depolarization and repolarization. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value of cardiogoniometry for the identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with history of chest pain. Materials and Methods: Cardiogoniometry was performed in 190 patients with history of chest pain prior to diagnostic coronary angiography. Then cardiogoniometry parameters correlated with angiography findings to determine accuracy of cardiogoniometry for diagnose of CAD. Result: Cardiogoniometry showed a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 60%, which was less sensitive than perfusion scan but more sensitive than the ECG and comparable with exercise ECG. The specificity was less than these three methods. Conclusions: Cardiogoniometry is a new, noninvasive method which is helpful in identifying patients with coronary artery disease and can be performed at rest and free of risk such as radiation exposure, and also is suitable for patients who are not able to exercise.

Background: This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cardio-goniometry (CGM ) in detection of coronary artery disease in patients with osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis that have symptoms of chest pain through angiography or radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Study Methods and design:100 patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, according to WHO criteria suspected to have ischemic heart disease enrolled in study. The patients were studied by cardio-goniometry and then the results were compared with angiography or MPI of the same patient (selected as standard diagnosis method). then sensitivity and specificity of cardio-goniometry were calculated. Results: 71 patients underwent to angiography and in 29 patients MPI was done. In first a group 42 patients had Coronary artery disease (CAD). In MPI group 18 patients had CAD in CGM.Seventy-one of these patients underwent angiography for diagnose of ischemic heart disease .29 of them diagnosed as healthy. Of the 100 patients, 29 patients were evaluated previously using MPI to determine ischemic heart disease .11 patients diagnosed as healthy. All 100 patients were examined by cardio-goniometry among which 47 subjects were healthy and the rest subjects had significant and nonsignificant ischemia. Statistical analyses didn’t show significant difference between the results of cardio-goniometry with angiography and myocardial perfusion (p Value >0/05). the results showed the sensitivity and specificity of cardiogoniometry compared rather than angiography and cardiac scan was equal to 0/86 and 0/63. Conclusion: CGM can be suitable for screening of ischemic heart disease in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis (who cannot do exercise test).

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after revascularization and healthy young men. Background: Impaired endothelial function has been observed in patients with CAD and those with CAD risk factors. Studies have shown that exercise can enhance endothelial function. Methods: This experimental cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CAD (3 months after CABG and PCI) and students of medical school in 2011. Endothelium dependent dilation of the brachial artery was determined by using high-resolution vascular ultrasonography through flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) after induction of ischemia, and the data were analyzed using SPSS, dependent t-test and ANCOVA. Findings: The findings showed that at baseline, FMD was reduced in revascularized patients, when compared with healthy young men, after 8 weeks, and exercise training significantly improved FMD in patients underwent training group [from 4.31 ± 1.45 (SD)% to 6.15 ± 0.773 (SD)%, p p ed unchanged, and even after aerobic training, it did not significantly modify the brachial artery diameter in these groups. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that endothelial dysfunction persisting in CAD patients after revascularization and aerobic training can improve endothelial function in different vascular beds in CAD patients and healthy young men. This may contribute to the benefit of regular exercise in preventing and restricting cardiovascular disease.

Background One billion people in the world are addicted to cigarettes; due to smoking and related illnesses, over five million people in the world, suffered death yearly. Epidemiological studies have shown that more than one case out of 10 cases of cardiovascular deaths, which include 54% of all deaths worldwide, is due to cigarettes. Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of smoking on the left and right ventricular (RV) diastolic function. Patients and Methods One hundred healthy male, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers, underwent echocardiography, before smoking and 5 and 30 minutes after it to compare diastolic function of left ventricular (LV) and RV and examine the chronic and acute effects of smoking. Results Atrial late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (Am) Atrial and late diastolic septal mitral annular velocity (ams) were high in smokers in comparison to those of the control group before smoking, but there was no difference in tricuspid diastolic parameters. Five minutes later, isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was prolonged and ams further increased as a sign of LV diastolic dysfunction. Similar changes occurred in RV, in favor of acute RV diastolic dysfunction. After 30 minutes, early diastolic tricuspid inflow (Et) decreased and ams and late diastolic tricuspid inflow (At) remained high. After five minutes, diastolic blood pressure increased, but returned to normal state after 30 minutes. Pulmonary arterial pressure did not change before and after smoking. Conclusions Chronic smoking caused left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Acute intake caused left and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Changes persisted up to 30 minutes after smoking, although diastolic blood pressure returned to normal state.