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Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating the scale of applicability of semantic relations in information retrieval.Methodology: To carry out this research, the mixed method with the exploratory design of the tool development model has been used. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part was all the librarians of the central libraries of the medical sciences universities of the country with a statistical population of 280 people, 163 people were selected based on Cochran's formula by available sampling method. In the quantitative part, the sample size included 15 librarians and information specialists working in the libraries of the medical sciences universities of the country, who were selected as a sample in a targeted non-probability way. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. Validity and reliability of the research tool were examined and confirmed in both qualitative and quantitative sections. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the grounded theory method was used, and in the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used. Findings: The results of the qualitative and quantitative part of the research showed that the tool developed for the applicability of semantic relations in information retrieval consists of five components with 30 items. The components obtained from this research include machine ambiguities, existence of semantic ambiguities, formulation of strategy in Information retrieval systems, semantic search systems and the use of quality processes were the part that, according to the results of factor analysis, the highest factor load was related to the strategy formulation component in information retrieval systems, which was compiled in 6 items. And it has the highest relationship with the component of strategy formulation in information retrieval systems, the existence of effective support systems with a factor load of 0.82. The highest combined reliability coefficient was related to the component of semantic ambiguity and the lowest combined reliability coefficient was related to the component of strategy formulation in information retrieval systems. It can be stated that the items determined in the component of the existence of semantic ambiguity have more group appropriateness in their structure than other items. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed research tool has a very favorable fit.Conclusion: The questionnaire designed in this study can be used as a suitable tool to measure the applicability of semantic relationships in information retrieval in libraries.

1. IntroductionThe importance of this research will be to add more color to the inherent characteristics of the field of information science and epistemology in terms of storing and retrieving information and meeting the information needs of the clients by producing an archive ontology and the role and impact of the information profession in meeting the information needs of the clients.2. Literatur ReviewSince librarians play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge. In the new era, their challenges and the scope of their responsibilities have increased significantly so that they are able to be important helpers to control the expanding world of information.What constitutes the main problem of information science today is the methods of accessing information. If previously the concern of information science specialists was to regularly collect resources and provide bibliographies, now most efforts are focused on providing more information about resources and delivering them to the end user. For these reasons, it can be said that today the traditional structures of libraries have collapsed and the new order has replaced it. In the past, the traditional role of reference department employees of libraries and information centers was to provide bibliographic information to the referents, that is, to provide information about the information, but today their duty is to guide the referents to the same information. Another important thing that happened in the process of the information revolution is the sharing of resources, the creation of information networks using new information technologies made not only the information centers of a country but all the information centers of the world share in each other's resources. (Mahdavi, 1998)Libraries play an intermediary role in the exchange of knowledge, the emergence of the Internet created the impression that libraries will go away, but the passage of time has shown that this impression only stems from a lack of proper understanding of the position and function of the library (Middleton, 2012)3. MethodologyThis research is applied in terms of purpose and sequential combination (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of type. In this way, first by using the library method based on the study of literature and backgrounds related to the subject, the components and characteristics of the dictionary were extracted, then by using the qualitative method (Delphi study) based on the opinions of experts in information science and an in-depth interview was conducted in three stages, the components were extracted by the content analysis method and the lexical circle was determined. After the analysis of quantitative data, the necessity of creating an ontology for radio and television archives became clearer, and in the following, the proposed ontology model of radio and television archives was presented.In this research, the studied community of archivists of radio and television archives in Tehran, whose number was 120, has been investigated through a census through a digital questionnaire. Also, in order to present the proposed ontology model, the words related to the topics and production programs in the broadcasting organization were collected and a preliminary ontology was prepared for the broadcasting archive as a sample using Protege software. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for producing the ontology of radio and television archives. ​​​4. ResultsAfter three rounds of interviews with experts in the field of archives (10 experts in the field of archives and managers of radio and television archives in Tehran) and analysis of the opinions of the participants in the Delphi study panel, it was determined that 15 components were used to measure vocabulary. From these main components, a number of quantitative questions were developed by the researcher. 85 questions were asked from the statistical population. The following results are the results of the analysis of the research questionnaire for the section related to the vocabulary of radio and television archivists:Descriptive statistics indices such as: frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation have been used to examine and analyze the respondents' information. Research hypotheses are also used. The structural equation modeling technique has been tested. In order to get a better understanding of the research community and get more familiar with the research variables, before analyzing the statistical data, it is necessary to describe these data. Therefore, before testing the research hypotheses, the descriptive statistics of the variables used in the research were examined. The average, as one of the central parameters, represents the center of gravity of the society, and in other words, it shows that if the average is placed instead of all the observations of the society, there will be no change in the sum total of the society's data. Also, the maximum shows the highest variable number in the statistical population and the minimum shows the lowest variable number in the statistical population.5. Discussion and ConclusionBroadcasting archives play a role in program production as the beating heart of programming, since these centers are considered as a center for storing the produced resources, less attention has been paid to their role and influence in the program production process. Radio archivists, since they are educated in information science and science, and professionally, can play an effective role in retrieving information and providing optimal information for producing programs and helping to improve the programming process. Archive ontology and training related to information retrieval and the use of information retrieval tools can play a more colorful role in professional activity. The strength of the relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of the information provided by radio archivists has been calculated as 0.74, which shows that there is a favorable correlation between vocabulary and ontology in information delivery. The t-statistic of the test is also 2.14, which is greater than the critical value of t at the 5% error level, i.e. 1.96, and it shows that the observed correlation is significant. Therefore, the hypothesis of the research is confirmed and it can be said that there is a direct relationship between the rich vocabulary and the quality of information provided by radio archivists and the ontology of the archive.Enhancing their vocabulary, which is one of the main components of the field of information science and epistemology, can help in achieving the goal of providing quality information and retrieving resources in archives and using them in programming. The results of the present research also confirm the opinion that an archivist with a rich vocabulary using archive ontology can be useful in retrieving information and providing information optimally. The proposed ontology resulting from the transformation of concepts in the field of radio and television programs, which is available in its archives, was carried out in four stages: collecting concepts, discovering and determining the relationships between concepts, creating a worksheet for each concept and implementing the ontology in the project environment. This proposed model can be useful for the production of the ontology of radio and television archives.

IntroductionThe field of providing information and the method of publishing information has permanently been subject to modification and alteration, and as we know, with the introduction of computer technology in the field of librarianship and the change in the way of providing services, the imperative task of information dissemination has been reserved for librarians (Kanjilan,2011).Due to the nature of their job, librarians must be interested to changes and change their services and the way they provide services at the same time and in agreement with the changes, so that they can respond to the information needs of the residents(Mohammadi Fard,2015).Nowadays, with the development of new information technologies and the challenges of information societies, the traditional role of public libraries has changed and functions such as teaching and creating computer skills have become more projecting. Thus, librarians of public libraries should initially, be prepared with these skills. A librarian who is not computer literate will never be a good guide for library users. The inability of individuals to access information and their limited knowledge in using computers can hinder their success in retrieving information. Hence, enhancing computer literacy is particularly essential for these individuals. Education can play a crucial role in improving their computer skills (Abtahi,2017). One form of instruction is electronic training, also referred to as e-learning or virtual learning. This type of learning involves online courses provided through a virtual education system, enabling electronic learning processes(Ghalian & Zalpour,2018). The objective of this study was to examine the impact of electronic information retrieval training on the information retrieval abilities of librarians.Literature ReviewKia, Moazzami, and Kia Lashaki (2021) in a study entitled: “Examining the influence of virtual skills training during the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Chalous Scientific-Applied University graduates” concluded that virtual skill training has a positive and significant effect on the performance of graduates in the Corona era, and the regression equation was also presented to predict the effect of the predictor variable on the criterion variable. Mohaghegh, Raiesi Dehkordi, Alibeik, Ghashghaee and Janbozorgi (2017) showed that consistent with the employees' attitude towards participating in in-service virtual training courses, their satisfaction along the course and the productivity of the topics discussed in these courses, from the point of view of librarians, the effectiveness and quality of in-service virtual training courses are at the favorite level.Al-Fraihat, Masa'deh and Sinclair (2020) showed there are four structures influencing the use of e-learning, the quality of the educational system, the quality of the support system, the quality of the learner and the perceived usefulness, which together account for 1.34% of the variance. Finally, 64.7% of the variance of e-learning benefits is explained by supposed usefulness, alleged satisfaction, and use. Maurice (2017) showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between virtual training and employee empowerment, and employees who did not participate in in-service training are less empowered than those who participated in these courses.MethodologyThe current research was of the type of applied research and the method of conducting the research was of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this research included all the librarians of the public libraries of Mazandaran province in 1401 in the number of 285 people (taken from the statistics center of the general administration of the public library of Mazandaran province). After the homogenization of the statistical population geographically (Mazandaran province was divided into three parts, east, central and west) and from each part according to the inclusion criteria such as willingness to participate in training sessions at certain hours, being librarians of public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree, having an age between 25 and 40 years, working experience of more than 5 years in a library, obtaining a score below 39 from the questionnaire and exit criteria including not working in public libraries in Mazandaran province, having a bachelor's degree and obtaining a score above 39 from Questionnaire, first, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method and they were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The experimental group received information retrieval skills training in 9 sessions (each session lasting 2 hours) electronically and remotely. But the control group did not use any training. In order to measure the information retrieval skills of librarians, due to the lack of a standard scale, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 in a test run.DiscussionThe findings displayed that the average skill of information retrieval in the experimental group (47.07) in the post-test is higher than the average in the control group (26.86). which indicates that, electronic information retrieval training has an effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval. In the explanation of the research findings, it can be stated that electronic training allows people to obtain scientific information in less time and at a cheaper cost and it increases its generality and also causes rapid learning of skills in various dimensions. The internet is an easy way in the new age to get up-to-date and new articles and information for learning and empowerment. In other words, the availability of the Internet makes it possible to obtain new information in less time, and in the context of librarians' use of new methods and patterns in information retrieval, it surges their skill in information retrieval.ConclusionThe results of the research showed that electronic information retrieval training has a positive and significant effect on the skills of librarians in information retrieval, and electronic information retrieval training can be one of the effective options in increasing the capabilities and skills of librarians.

Purpose: The present research aims to examine and offer a model of a cloud-based knowledge-sharing process among the faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU).Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of type of research, it is mixed exploratory, and in terms of research method, it is research-based on grounded theory. For the purpose of the research, all 2800 faculty members of Islamic Azad University (IAU) in the country were studied. To determine the sample size (397 people), a multi-stage sampling method and Cochran's sample size formula were used. In this research, structured interviews and electronic questionnaires were used as research tools in two qualitative and qualitative stages. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the interview with the experts continued until the theoretical adequacy. The pattern of knowledge-sharing behavior was extracted from the data of the qualitative phase of the research. Also, the research employed structural equations (Partial Least Square Model) to analyze the research data, using smartPLS software.Findings: The research findings indicated that there were six effective components connected with the exploratory pattern of knowledge-sharing behavior, which are given below in order of priority: 1. Principal Component; the pivotal component with the factor of organizational maturity level, 2. Causal Conditions; including the management and organizational factors, 3. Strategies; including the factors affecting the development of job security and the improvement of the level of trust across organizations and organizational communication network, 4. Background Conditions; including organizational culture and technological infrastructures 5. Intervening Conditions, including the enhancement of workforce skills, and 6. Consequences. These include the factors affecting the efficiency of human resources and the development of occupational engagement.Similarly, the research results indicated that both the management factor and the organizational factors, as the dual elements of the component causal conditions, influenced the organizational maturity development process. This is because the T-statistic value given the effectiveness of the management factors and the path coefficient equaled 3.666 and 0.21, respectively, which is indicative of the direct positive effects of the management factors on organizational maturity. The organizational factors affected the maturity process directly and positively since the T-statistic value was 6.334 going beyond the absolute value of 1.96, and the path coefficient was 0.327.Conclusions: Organizations can pave the way for the development of organizational maturity if they are in favorable conditions in terms of support from managers and the coordination between cloud computing and knowledge-sharing systems. The implementation of such systems across organizations will result in improved performance of the faculty members and an increased competitive advantage.

The present study aims to design a model for the effect of content marketing on e-customer relationship management (E-CRM) in the Iran Public Libraries Foundation (IPLF). This research is applied in terms of its objective and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) in terms of its approach. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research consists of experts who are fully acquainted with the subject of content marketing, including 17 professors in the departments of information science and knowledge, business management with the marketing orientation, information technology (IT), computer engineering and content production experts have chosen using purposeful and snowball sampling method. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative stage includes all managers, staff, and, librarians of Iranian public libraries, i.e. 7000 people. Using Cochran's formula and by stratified random sampling method, 364 people are selected as the total sample size. Due to sampling error (0.05) and the possibility of non-return of some questionnaires, 375 questionnaires are distributed and 366 questionnaires are collected and analyzed. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, which is designed based on the findings of the qualitative part of the research. Also, the standard Kamalian, Amini Lari and Moezzi (2009) questionnaire is used to assess ECRM. In this study, theme analysis is used to identify the factors affecting content marketing, the fuzzy Delphi technique is used to consolidate the opinions of experts, and confirmatory factor analysis is used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Results: Based on the study of texts and exploratory interviews with experts, five dimensions of strategic planning, content supply, and production, content distribution and dissemination, content analysis, pricing, and sales are identified for content marketing. Among these, content supply and production factor with an impact factor of 0.931 has the most impact and is the priority. Factors of content distribution and dissemination with a coefficient of 0.917; content analysis with a coefficient of 0.894; strategic planning with a coefficient of 0.877; and pricing and sales with a coefficient of 0.642 are in the second to fifth priorities in terms of effectiveness, respectively. Also, the impact factor of content marketing on the effectiveness of ECRM is calculated to be 816%. Findings at the error level of 0.05 indicate that content marketing has a significant effect on the effectiveness of ECRM in IPLF. ECRM in IPLF can be explained by the content marketing model. In addition to producing useful content related to the needs and preferences of its audience, it creates a powerful tool to gain trust and change the audience's attitude towards the services provided. Moreover, by increasing the skills of staff and managers, IPLF has made more efforts to identify, attract and retain audiences, which in the long run will lead to customer satisfaction, increased revenue growth, and achievement of competitive advantage.https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.11.8

Maturity models were introduced with the advancement, development and application of technologies and are considered as management topics. Maturity models have levels that each level includes the characteristics related to it. Using maturity models, the effectiveness and performance of the organization can be evaluated. In the present study, articles on maturity models and maturity capability models with a qualitative approach and meta-combined method are reviewed. In addition to examining maturity models in different fields and examining the dimensions of that maturity model, the ability to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of university libraries should be examined. The existing writings on maturity models are based on their translation and interpretation. Based on this, 93 valid sources in the field of maturity models and 37 sources in the field of maturity models of capability and university libraries were examined. By analyzing the sources, 3 categories, 9 indicators and 21 codes for the characteristics of each level were obtained for the maturity model of university libraries. Based on the results, the technical category and the concept of hardware and software systems have the first rank and are of higher importance. The maturity model of university libraries helps library and university administrators to plan for the promotion of each level and reach the ideal level by determining and evaluating the characteristics of each level.

Aim: The purpose of this study was an exploratory analysis of the factors affecting the implementation of management information systems (MIS) and their effect on the value chain of knowledge management in the library, museum, and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Methodology: This research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The type of research is qualitative in the first stage in terms of exploratory purpose and quantitative in the second stage with explanatory purpose. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research is composed of professors of information science and knowledge departments and managers with experience in the library, museum, and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. 16 experts were selected by snowball sampling method. The statistical population in a small stage includes all librarians, administrators, and officials of the library, museum, and documentation center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, 215 people. Due to the limited population, a census was conducted. Data obtained from researcher-made questionnaires of management information system implementation and standard of knowledge management value of Newman and Conrad (1999) were analyzed using SPSS24 and PLS3.8 software. Finding: According to the results, three humans, organizational and technical factors have been identified as effective factors in the implementation of management information systems. Also, the research findings at the error level of 0.05 show that the implementation of management information systems has a significant effect on the knowledge management value chain. Conclusion: According to the results, it is suggested that human, organizational, and technical factors be considered in the library, museum, and document center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly regarding the implementation of the information system. Managers should know how the management information system implements the knowledge management value chain to improve organizational affairs. The results of this study in line with similar studies around the world confirm that to improve the value chain of knowledge management, effective implementation of management information systems is essential.

Background and aim: One of the most common methods of evaluation of researchers' scientific outputs and their affiliated organizations is using different methods of scientometrics, which is done by a citation databases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific outputs of Mazandaran University from 2006 to 2016. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted using scientometric approach. Research population was the indexed papers in Scopus citation (4091 documents). Data related to articles with the affiliation of (AF-ID = "University of Mazandaran") were searched in the Scopus. Then, the time limit for scientific output was defined (LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR)) and the final research was conducted. Finally, data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Findings: The results showed that the scientific outputs of Mazandaran University have increased during the study period. The least amount of scientific output was in 2006, and the highest in 2013. The largest number of indexed documents, the most received citations, and the prolific authors (60%) belong to the Faculty of Chemistry and Physics. In terms of the type of the indexed scientific documents, the largest number was related to research papers (93/4%), In terms of scientific collaboration and inter-organizational co-authorship, Mazandaran University had the most cooperation with neighboring universities. Conclusion: Totally, due to the ascending trend of recorded documents until 2013 and its descending one in the following years and for observing the research results of researchers in the world and reaching the University to the peak of their scientific publications, this University authorities should be provided the conditions in which the researchers can achieve to the necessary motivation and ability for publication in valid scientific journals.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of research texts in the field of locating Iranian public libraries using GIS. Accordingly, the considerable components in locating public libraries in Iran were examined based on the relevant research texts. Method: The present research is an applied study in terms of purpose that was conducted based on a systematic analysis using Prisma model. To collect data, relevant keywords were searched in reliable databases and 372 research articles were retrieved. By studying and reviewing the abstracts of these articles and, if necessary, their results, duplicate and irrelevant articles were omitted. Finally, by conducting a preliminary survey in accordance with the input and output criteria, these studies were controlled by researchers, and 29 articles remained. The research tool was a checklist. Findings: Findings show that most of the investigated studies were conducted in 2014 (17.24 percent). The survey-descriptive research method (27/48 percent) was applied more than other methods and using operational and cartographic-based research methods were neglected. In terms of geographical area, most of the studied were carried out in Tehran (17.24 percent) and then in Kerman (34/10 percent), and the geographical distribution of studies is not commensurate with the distribution of cities in Iran. Since the research tools of these studies were mostly questionnaires, it is made clear that the focus was on the response-based method, and testing the hypotheses has significantly helped to validate the results of studies. The main problems were: non-use of GIS in building libraries, lack of geographical distribution of libraries and weakness in the optimal use of components of compatibility, comfort and centrality in building libraries. The most frequent research topic in the studies was location in terms of geographical location (86.20 percent). The most frequent component in locating libraries using GIS system is comfort (32.81 percent), followed by compatibility (31.25 percent). Originality/value: By reviewing the studies in the field of location of public libraries, the findings of this field were identified in terms of the distribution status of libraries, the desirability of accessing them and the influential components in location. This research provides an overview of what has been done and what should be considered in determining the location of public libraries for future researchers.

Background and aim: One of the most common methods of evaluation of researchers' scientific outputs and their affiliated organizations is using different methods of scientometrics, which is done by a citation databases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the scientific outputs of Mazandaran University from 2006 to 2016. Material and methods: This descriptive study was conducted using scientometric approach. Research population was the indexed papers in Scopus citation (4091 documents). Data related to articles with the affiliation of (AF-ID = "University of Mazandaran") were searched in the Scopus. Then, the time limit for scientific output was defined (LIMIT-TO (PUBYEAR)) and the final research was conducted. Finally, data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS. Findings: The results showed that the scientific outputs of Mazandaran University have increased during the study period. The least amount of scientific output was in 2006, and the highest in 2013. The largest number of indexed documents, the most received citations, and the prolific authors (60%) belong to the Faculty of Chemistry and Physics. In terms of the type of the indexed scientific documents, the largest number was related to research papers (93/4%), In terms of scientific collaboration and inter-organizational co-authorship, Mazandaran University had the most cooperation with neighboring universities. Conclusion: Totally, due to the ascending trend of recorded documents until 2013 and its descending one in the following years and for observing the research results of researchers in the world and reaching the University to the peak of their scientific publications, this University authorities should be provided the conditions in which the researchers can achieve to the necessary motivation and ability for publication in valid scientific journals.