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Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To observe the effect of sevoflurane combined with brachial plexus block (BPB) in children with humeral fracture surgery and its effect on hemodynamics. 84 children who received surgical treatment of humeral fracture in our hospital from September 2019 to September 2022 were selected. According to different anesthesia methods, the children were divided into control group and study group. The control group only received laryngeal mask sevoflurane; the study group received laryngeal mask sevoflurane combined with BPB. The operation situation, hemodynamic indexes, stress level, pain and adverse reactions of children was observed. The postoperative awakening time in the study group was lower than control group, the postoperative pain onset time in the study group was higher than control group (P<0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative 2 h, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in the study group were lower than control group (P<0.05). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative 2h, there was no significant difference in oxygen saturation between the two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative 2h, the levels of serum cortisol, b-endorpin, norepinephrine and epinephrine in the study group were lower than control group (P<0.05). Postoperative 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, the visual analogue scale scores in the study group were lower than control group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Sevoflurane combined with BPB is helpful to shorten the postoperative awakening time of children with humeral fracture, reduce the degree of postoperative pain, improve hemodynamics, and reduce stress response, and has good safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present is to present the anesthetic management that occurred before a critical event malignant hyperthermia HM) in an electively scheduled Madden radical mastectomy and which was managed with what was available at that time for not having the drug specific (dantrolene) for this type of event HM. Breast cancer is a complex disease, being the leading cause of death in women worldwide, with 70% occurring in developed countries. Mexico is at an intermediate level, being a health problem with a tendency to rise due to the aging of the population. population and higher prevalence of risk factors. Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an anesthetic-triggered pharmacogenetic disorder that triggers a massive accumulation of calcium in the sarcoplasm, leading to accelerated metabolism and increased skeletal muscle contractile activity. Leading to a hypermetabolic state showing an increase in body temperature, leading to significant sequelae and high mortality. It was a 40-year-old female with no relevant history for anesthetic procedures, being managed with balanced general anesthesia at 60 minutes present data clinicians that they suggested malignant hyperthermia, being managed. With the available means, obtaining a favorable result from the point of view of morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the impact of different recumbency on sevoflurane-anaesthetised sheep. Seven female sheep were premedicated with 0.1 mg.kg-1 butorfanol and subsequently administered a combination of 3 mg.kg-1 ketamine and 0.5 mg.kg-1 midazolam. Animals were maintained on sevoflurane anaesthesia with pressure-controlled ventilation (12 cm H2O peak inspiratory pressure) and ƒ of 10 mpm. During the anaesthetic procedure, animals underwent one out of three different recumbency: dorsal, left lateral, or right lateral positions. Treatments lasted 120 min with a 48-h washout period in between the treatments. Arterial and central venous blood samples were withdrawn for blood gas and electrolytes analysis and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) CaO2, CcvO2, and CcO2 were calculated accordingly. Results showed that Qs/Qt greatly decreased from 0 to 120 min in all the groups (dorsal: 69.3% to 27.3%; left lateral: 59.1% to 25.0%; right lateral: 67.2% to 32.4%). CaO2, CcvO2 and CcO2 improved over time points, with no difference among treatments. PaO2 and PAO2 showed higher values for 60 and 120 min compared to the 0 min value in all groups, with no differences among treatments as well. PaCO2 and ETCO2 in the lateral groups were higher than those in the dorsal group at 120 min. Pressure-controlled ventilation improved gas exchanges in sheep, thereby reducing pulmonary shunt. Recumbency did not interfere with pulmonary shunt, nevertheless, special attention must be paid to lateral recumbency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMEN Las úlceras de la extremidad inferior siguen siendo en la actualidad un problema global. Las opciones analgésicas para el control del dolor se basan generalmente en medidas farmacológicas con acción local y/o sistémica. El sevoflurano es un anestésico general inhalatorio, asociado a sus efectos sobre el sistema nervioso central, y tradicionalmente no se emplea por otras vías que no sea inhalado. Sin embargo, hoy en día se le conoce una acción analgésica a nivel central y también periférico. Actualmente, su uso clínico ha llevado a algunos autores a considerar la posibilidad de nuevos efectos del sevoflurano a través de la vía tópica. Objetivo: Sintetizar las evidencias científicas disponibles sobre el uso del sevoflurano aplicado de forma tópica en úlceras de la extremidad inferior. Metodología: Revisión sistematizada de la literatura científica, siguiendo la guía PRISMA. La búsqueda de estudios se realizó en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas, sin límite de fechas ni de idiomas. También se realizó una búsqueda incluyendo resúmenes de congresos. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 120 referencias. Finalmente, ocho de ellas correspondían a los estudios incluidos para la síntesis cualitativa. En la mayoría de los estudios se encontró una disminución del dolor de 8 a 2 puntos en las escalas empleadas. Conclusiones: Los escasos estudios parecen sugerir un importante efecto analgésico aplicado de forma tópica, un probable efecto antibacteriano y un posible efecto promotor de la cicatrización. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios comparativos con un tamaño de muestra mayor, con mejor calidad en sus diseños.

RESUMEN Una paciente frágil tetraparética presentaba una úlcera por presión sacra que se había mostrado resistente al tratamiento conservador tópico, consistente en higiene postural y curas con sulfadiazina de plata. Fue programada para cirugía de cobertura con colgajo glúteo, pero ante el elevado riesgo anestésico se le ofertó intentar curar la herida con sevoflurano tópico, lo cual fue aceptado. El sevoflurano fue aplicado diariamente en domicilio, y la herida evolucionó satisfactoriamente, con reducción progresiva de la superficie y la profundidad hasta cerrar por completo en pocas semanas, evitándose así una intervención quirúrgica. El empleo fuera de indicación de sevoflurano irrigado tópicamente sobre el lecho de heridas complejas aparece como una herramienta muy ventajosa, pues supone una alternativa a medidas más invasivas y es de fácil aplicación.

Background and objectives: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of two different inhalation anesthetic agents on postoperative olfactory memory and olfactory function in patients who underwent micro laryngeal surgery. Methods: This randomized prospective controlled study consisted of 102 consecutive patients with a voice disorder. The patients underwent micro laryngeal surgery for voice disorders under general anesthesia. Patients who did not meet inclusion criteria and/or declined to participate (n = 34) were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Four patients from Group 1 and four patients from Group 2 were lost to follow-up. Group 1 (n = 30) received sevoflurane, and Group 2 (n = 30) received desflurane during anesthesia. We compared the results by performing the pre-op and post-op Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Results: Thirty-three patients (55%) were male and 27 (45%) were female. The mean age was 48.18 ± 13.88 years (range: 19‒70 years). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory functions did not show a significant difference within the groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory memory showed a significant decrease 3 hours after the surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Olfactory functions and memory were not affected by desflurane in the early postoperative period. Although sevoflurane did not affect olfactory functions, it had a temporary negative effect on olfactory memory in the early postoperative period. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O estudo avaliou o efeito pós-operatório de dois agentes anestésicos inalatórios distinto na memória olfativa de curta duração e na função olfativa em pacientes submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe. Método: O estudo prospectivo controlado randomizado avaliou, consecutivamente, 102 pacientes com alteração vocal submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe sob anestesia geral. Trinta e quatro pacientes não obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão e/ou não aceitaram participar do estudo e foram excluídos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. Quatro pacientes do Grupo 1 e quatro do Grupo 2 foram perdidos durante o seguimento. O Grupo 1 (n = 30) recebeu sevoflurano e o Grupo 2 (n = 30) desflurano durante a anestesia. Comparamos resultados pré e pós-operatórios de memória olfativa e funções olfativas, realizando o Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Resultados: Foram incluídos um total de 33 (55%) homens e 27 (45% mulheres. A idade média foi 48,18 ± 13,88 anos variação: 19‒70 anos). As funções olfativas pré e pós-operatórias não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante dentro dos grupos no pós-operatório (p > 0,05). A memória olfativa pré e pós-operatória não mostrou diminuição estatisticamente significante quando avaliada três horas após a cirurgia (p

Introduction: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and balanced anesthesia (BA) are the most commonly used anesthetic techniques. The differences are the variability of the depth of anesthesia between these techniques, that might predict which one is safer for patients and presents a lower risk of intraoperative awakening. Objective: To determine whether a difference exists in the variability of depth of anesthesia obtained by response entropy (RE). Methods: A crossover clinical trial was conducted on 20 healthy patients receiving upper or lower limb ambulatory orthopedic surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to: a) target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol using the Schnider model at a target concentration of 2.5mg/mL for 15min and a 10- minute washout, followed by sevoflurane administration at 0.8 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) for the reminder of the surgery, or b) the reverse sequence. Differences in the variability of the depth of anesthesia using RE were evaluated using paired ttest. Results: The treatment effect showed no significant difference in the average values of Response Entropy (RE), during TIVA= 97.23 vs. BA 97.04 (P=0.39). Carry Over (-4.98 vs. 4.08) and Period (100.3 vs. 94.68) effects were not significantly different. Conclusions: This study suggests that both anesthetic techniques are equivalent in terms of the stability of the depth of anesthesia. It is important to keep testing the determinants of the efficacy of different populations because the individual behaviors of patients might ultimately tip the scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Hospital a Domicilio is the property of Centro Internacional Virtual de Investigacion en Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatologia (English Edition) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O estudo avaliou o efeito pós‐operatório de dois agentes anestésicos inalatórios distintos na memória olfativa de curta duração e na função olfativa em pacientes submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe. O estudo prospectivo controlado randomizado avaliou, consecutivamente, 102 pacientes com alteração vocal submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe sob anestesia geral. Trinta e quatro pacientes não obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão e/ou não aceitaram participar do estudo e foram excluídos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. Quatro pacientes do Grupo 1 e quatro do Grupo 2 foram perdidos durante o seguimento. O Grupo 1 (n = 30) recebeu sevoflurano durante a anestesia e o Grupo 2 (n = 30), desflurano. Comparamos resultados pré e pós‐operatórios de memória olfativa e funções olfativas, realizando o Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Foram incluídos um total de 33 (55%) homens e 27 (45%) mulheres. A idade média foi 48,18 ± 13,88 anos (variação: 19‐70 anos). As funções olfativas pré e pós‐operatórias não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante dentro dos grupos no pós‐operatório (p > 0,05). A memória olfativa pré e pós‐operatória não mostrou diminuição estatisticamente significante quando avaliada três horas após a cirurgia (p < 0,05). Memória e funções olfativas não foram alteradas pelo desflurano no pós‐operatório imediato. Embora o sevoflurano não tenha alterado as funções olfativas, causou efeito temporário negativo na memória olfativa no pós‐operatório imediato. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of two different inhalation anesthetic agents on postoperative olfactory memory and olfactory function in patients who underwent micro laryngeal surgery. This randomized prospective controlled study consisted of 102 consecutive patients with a voice disorder. The patients underwent micro laryngeal surgery for voice disorders under general anesthesia. Patients who did not meet inclusion criteria and/or declined to participate (n = 34) were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Four patients from Group 1 and four patients from Group 2 were lost to follow‐up. Group 1 (n = 30) received sevoflurane, and Group 2 (n = 30) received desflurane during anesthesia. We compared the results by performing the pre‐op and post‐op Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Thirty‐three patients (55%) were male and 27 (45%) were female. The mean age was 48.18 ± 13.88 years (range: 19‐70 years). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory functions did not show a significant difference within the groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory memory showed a significant decrease 3 hours after the surgery (p < 0.05). Olfactory functions and memory were not affected by desflurane in the early postoperative period. Although sevoflurane did not affect olfactory functions, it had a temporary negative effect on olfactory memory in the early postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O delirium do despertar após a anestesia geral com sevoflurano não tem sido relatado com frequência em adultos como nas crianças. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a incidência de delirium do despertar em pacientes adultos submetidos à anestesia com sevoflurano como agente volátil e os prováveis fatores de risco associados à sua ocorrência. Um estudo observacional prospectivo foi conduzido com pacientes adultos sem distúrbios neurológicos ou psiquiátricos submetidos à anestesia geral para procedimentos não neurológicos. Dados demográficos como idade, sexo, etnia e dados clínicos, inclusive estado físico ASA, estado cirúrgico, tentativas de intubação, tempo de cirurgia, hipotensão intraoperatória, drogas usadas, dor pós‐operatória, analgesia de resgate e presença de cateteres, foram registrados. A intensidade do delirium do despertar foi medida com a Escala de Triagem de Delirium em Enfermagem (Nursing Delirium Scale – NuDESC). A incidência de delirium do despertar foi de 11,8%. Os fatores significativamente associados ao delirium do despertar incluíram idade avançada (> 65) (p = 0,04), cirurgia de emergência (p = 0,04), descendência africana (p = 0,01), tempo maior de cirurgia (p = 0,007) e número de tentativas de intubação (p = 0,001). Fatores como sexo, uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e especialidade cirúrgica não influenciaram a ocorrência de delirium do despertar. A incidência de delirium do despertar em adultos após a anestesia geral com sevoflurano é significativa e não tem sido relatada adequadamente. Fatores de risco modificáveis precisam ser abordados para reduzir ainda mais sua incidência. Emergence delirium after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has not been frequently reported in adults compared to children. This study aimed to determine the incidence of emergence delirium in adult patients who had anesthesia with sevoflurane as the volatile agent and the probable risk factors associated with its occurrence. A prospective observational study was conducted in adult patients who had non‐neurological procedures and no existing neurological or psychiatric conditions, under general anesthesia. Demographic data such as age, gender, ethnicity and clinical data including ASA physical status, surgical status, intubation attempts, duration of surgery, intraoperative hypotension, drugs used, postoperative pain, rescue analgesia and presence of catheters were recorded. Emergence delirium intensity was measured using the Nursing Delirium Scale (NuDESC). The incidence of emergence delirium was 11.8%. The factors significantly associated with emergence delirium included elderly age (>65) (p = 0.04), emergency surgery (p = 0.04), African ethnicity (p = 0.01), longer duration of surgery (p = 0.007) and number of intubation attempts (p = 0.001). Factors such as gender, alcohol and illicit drug use, and surgical specialty did not influence the occurrence of emergence delirium. The incidence of emergence delirium in adults after general anesthesia using sevoflurane is significant and has not been adequately reported. Modifiable risk factors need to be addressed to further reduce its incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El sulfuro de hidrógeno (H2S) es tóxico y mortal para los mamíferos a elevadas concentraciones, pero a bajas concentraciones puede resultar beneficiosa. Objetivos: Evaluar la inocuidad del H2S a 80 ppm en el corazón de Cavia porcellus in vivo. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Instituciones: Laboratorio de Farmacología Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, y Unidad de Cirugía Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. Materiales biológico: Veintiún Cavia porcellus (cobayas). Intervenciones: El diseño experimental consideró 3 grupos (n = 7): 1) Control (exposición a aire limpio); 2) Experimental (exposición gaseosa de H2S a 80 ± 20 ppm); 3) Referente (exposición a sevoflurano 1,5%). Los animales fueron colocados en una campana, donde fueron nebulizados por veinte minutos; al final del experimento se les retiró el corazón para estudio histopatológico. Principales medidas de resultados: Porcentaje de lesión en células cardiacas. Resultados: Los tejidos cardiacos de los grupos control y experimental no mostraron alteraciones, lo contrario al grupo expuesto a sevoflurano que mostraron moderada alteración en 3 muestras de 7, pero el resultado no fue significativo (p > 0,05) para este grupo. Conclusión: El H2S a 80 ± 20 ppm fue inocuo para el tejido cardiaco de Cavia porcellus.

OBJECTIVES: In infants, there is a high incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after sevoflurane (Sev) anesthesia. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine (Dex) administration would reduce the incidence and severity of EA after Sev-based anesthesia in infants undergoing palatoplasty. METHODS: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted with 70 patients undergoing palatoplasty, aged 10-14 months. Infants were randomly allocated into two groups: Dex (n = 35) and saline (n = 35). In the Dex group, Dex (6 µg/kg/h) was administered approximately 10 min before the end of the surgery for 10 min, followed by 0.4 µg/kg/h until 5 min after extubation. In the saline group, an equivalent amount of saline was administered in a similar manner. After the surgery, patients were transferred to the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). The infant's behavior and pain were assessed with scoring system for EA (5-point rating scale) and pain scale (PS; 10-point rating scale), respectively. EA and PS were estimated at six time points (after extubation, leaving the operating room, 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after arrival in PACU). RESULTS: EA and PS scores were significantly lower in the Dex group than in the saline group from extubation to 120 min after arrival in PACU. CONCLUSIONS: Dex administration has the advantage of a reduced EA and PS without any adverse effects. Dex provided satisfactory recovery in infants undergoing palatoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is an inhalational agent of choice in paediatric anaesthesia. For management of airways in children a suitable alternative to ETT is a paediatric proseal laryngeal mask airway (benchmark second generation SAD). Various studies have shown that less sevoflurane concentration is required for LMA insertion in comparison to TI. BIS is a useful monitor of depth of anaesthesia. AIMS: To compare concentration of sevoflurane (end tidal and MAC value) required for proseal laryngeal mask airway insertion and tracheal intubation in correlation with BIS index. METHOD: The prospective randomised single blind study was done in children between 2 and 9 years of ASA I and II and they were randomly allocated to Group P (proseal laryngeal mask airway insertion) and Group TI (tracheal intubation). No sedative premedication was given. Induction was done with 8% sevoflurane and then predetermined concentration was maintained for 10 min. Airway was secured either by proseal laryngeal mask airway or endotracheal tube without using muscle relaxant. End tidal sevoflurane concentration, MAC, BIS, and other vital parameters were monitored every minute till insertion of an airway device. Insertion conditions were observed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Students t test. RESULTS: Difference between ETLMI (2.49 ± 0.44) and ETTI (2.81 ± 0.65) as well as MACLMI (1.67 ± 0.13) and MACTI (1.77 ± 0.43) was statistically very significant, while BISLMI (49.05 ± 10.76) and BISTI (41.25 ± 3.25) was significant. Insertion conditions were comparable in both the groups. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that in children airway can be secured safely with proseal laryngeal mask airway using less sevoflurane concentration in comparison to tracheal intubation and this was supported by BIS index.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of a novel method of anesthesia combining propofol and volatile anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into three groups: those maintained with sevoflurane (Group S, n = 42), propofol (Group P, n = 42), or combined propofol and sevoflurane (Group PS, n = 42). We assessed complete response (no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no rescue antiemetic use), incidence of nausea and vomiting, nausea severity score, vomiting frequency, rescue antiemetic use, and postoperative pain at 2 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: The number of patients who exhibited a complete response was greater in Groups P and PS than in Group S at 0-2 h (74%, 76% and 43%, respectively, p = 0.001) and 0-24 h (71%, 76% and 38%, respectively, p < 0.0005). The incidence of nausea at 0-2 h (Group S = 57%, Group P = 26% and Group PS = 21%, p = 0.001) and 0-24 h (Group S = 62%, Group P = 29% and Group PS = 21%, p < 0.0005) was also significantly different among groups. However, there were no significant differences among groups in the incidence or frequency of vomiting or rescue antiemetic use at 0-24 h. CONCLUSION: Combined propofol and volatile anesthesia during laparoscopic gynecological surgery effectively decreases the incidence of postoperative nausea. We term this novel method of anesthesia "combined intravenous-volatile anesthesia (CIVA)".

Introduction and Objectives: Sedation is used in intensive care units (ICU) to improve comfort and tolerance during mechanical ventilation, invasive interventions, and nursing care. In recent years, the use of inhalation anaesthetics for this purpose has increased. Our objective was to obtain and summarise the best evidence on inhaled sedation in adult patients in the ICU, and use this to help physicians choose the most appropriate approach in terms of the impact of sedation on clinical outcomes and the risk-benefit of the chosen strategy., Methodology: Given the overall lack of literature and scientific evidence on various aspects of inhaled sedation in the ICU, we decided to use a Delphi method to achieve consensus among a group of 17 expert panellists. The processes was conducted over a 12-month period between 2022 and 2023, and followed the recommendations of the CREDES guidelines., Results: The results of the Delphi survey form the basis of these 39 recommendations - 23 with a strong consensus and 15 with a weak consensus., Conclusion: The use of inhaled sedation in the ICU is a reliable and appropriate option in a wide variety of clinical scenarios. However, there are numerous aspects of the technique that require further study., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

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ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: The bispectral index (BIS) is a parameter derived by electroencephalography (EEG) which provides a direct measurement of the effects of sedatives and anesthetics on the brain and offers guidance on the adequacy of anesthesia. The literature lacks studies on BIS monitoring in pediatric patients with congenital brain disease undergoing general anesthesia.CLINICAL FEATURES: A 13-year-old child weighing 32 kg, suffering from lobar holoprosencephaly, underwent surgery in which the bispectral index (BIS) monitoring the depth of anesthesia showed an abnormal response. Detailed analysis of the trends of BIS values in the different observation times demonstrated sudden falls and repetitive values of BIS likely related to repetitive epileptiform electrical activity caused by sevoflurane.CONCLUSION: The BIS is a very useful monitoring tool for assessing the degree of depth of anesthesia and to analyze the electroencephalographic variations of anesthetics. Particular attention should be given to patients with congenital disorders of the central nervous system in which the BIS may give abnormal responses that do not reflect an accurate assessment of the depth of anesthesia.

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Justificativa e objetivo A agitação ao despertar é um comportamento pós‐operatório negativo que afeta principalmente as crianças. Avaliamos o efeito de duas doses diferentes de dexmedetomidina na incidência e no grau de agitação ao despertar em crianças submetidas à correção de estrabismo. Métodos Noventa pacientes foram alocados em três grupos iguais: receberam 0,5 μg.kg−1 de dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex‐alta), 0,25 μg.kg−1 de dexmedetomidina (grupo Dex‐baixa) ou solução salina normal (grupo placebo). Todos os medicamentos foram administrados com o fechamento da conjuntiva antes do fim da cirurgia. A escala pediátrica de delírio ao despertar da anestesia (PAED – Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium) foi usada para avaliar a agitação e a escala dos padrões de face, pernas, atividade, choro e consolabilidade (FLACC – Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) para avaliar a dor. Os efeitos adversos de dexmedetomidina e os tempos de recuperação foram registrados. Resultados A incidência de agitação foi significativamente menor no grupo Dex‐alta em comparação com os outros grupos, foi significativamente menor no grupo Dex‐baixa em comparação com o grupo placebo. A mediana (variação) do escore FLACC foi significativamente menor em ambos os grupos Dex em comparação com o grupo placebo. O tempo de recuperação, o tempo transcorrido desde a remoção da máscara laríngea até a abertura dos olhos e o tempo de permanência na sala de recuperação pós‐anestesia foram significativamente maiores no grupo Dex‐alta em comparação com os outros grupos. Não houve registro de bradicardia ou hipotensão significativa. O tempo de recuperação foi significativamente maior no grupo Dex‐alta em comparação com os outros dois grupos. Conclusão Dexmedetomidina (0,5 μg.kg−1) antes do despertar da anestesia geral resultou em uma redução da incidência de agitação ao despertar em comparação com dexmedetomidina (0,25 μg.kg−1), mas em detrimento dos tempos de recuperação sem efeitos adversos. Abstract Background and objective Emergence agitation is a postoperative negative behavior that affects mainly children. We studied the effect of two different doses of dexmedetomidine on the incidence and degree of EA in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods 90 patients were allocated into three equal groups; patients received 0.5 μg.kg−1 of dexmedetomidine in high Dex group, 0.25 μg.kg−1 of dexmedetomidine in low Dex group, or normal saline in the placebo group. All drugs were received with the closure of the conjunctiva before the end of the surgery. Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale was used to evaluate the agitation, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale was used for pain assessment. Adverse effects of dexmedetomidine and recovery times were recorded. Results The incidence of agitation was significantly lower in high Dex group compared to other groups and it was significantly lower in low Dex group compared to placebo group. The median (range) of FLACC score was significantly lower in both Dex groups compared to placebo group. Recovery times; time from removal of laryngeal mask to eye opening and time stay in post anesthesia care unit was significantly longer in high Dex group compared to other groups. No significant bradycardia or hypotension was recorded. Recovery time was significantly longer in high Dex group compared to the other two groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg.kg−1) before emergence from general anesthesia resulted in a reduction in the incidence of emergence agitation compared to a dexmedetomidine (0.25 μg.kg−1) but on the expense of recovery times without adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertension and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane, desflurane and propofol maintenances on serum levels of selenium, copper, zinc, iron, malondialdehyde, and glutathion peroxidase measurements, and antioxidant capacity. METHODS: 60 patients scheduled for unilateral lower extremity surgery which would be performed with tourniquet under general anesthesia were divided into three groups. Blood samples were collected to determine the baseline serum levels of selenium, copper, zinc, iron, malondialdehyde and glutathion peroxidase. Anesthesia was induced using 2-2.5 mg kg-1 propofol, 1 mg kg-1 lidocaine and 0.6 mg kg-1 rocuronium. In the maintenance of anesthesia, under carrier gas of 50:50% O2:N2O 4 L min-1, 1 MAC sevoflorane was administered to Group S and 1 MAC desflurane to Group D; and under carrier gas of 50:50% O2:air 4 L min-1 6 mg kg h-1 propofol and 1 µg kg h-1 fentanyl infusion were administered to Group P. At postoperative blood specimens were collected again. RESULTS: It was observed that only in Group S and P, levels of MDA decreased at postoperative 48th hour; levels of glutathion peroxidase increased in comparison to the baseline values. Selenium levels decreased in Group S and Group P, zinc levels decreased in Group P, and iron levels decreased in all three groups, and copper levels did not change in any groups in the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: According to the markers of malondialdehyde and glutathion peroxidase, it was concluded that maintenance of general anesthesia using propofol and sevoflurane activated the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and using desflurane had no effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant system.

Background and objectives: Emergence delirium is a distressing complication of the use of sevoflurane for general anesthesia. This study sought to determine the incidence of emergence delirium and risk factors in patients at a specialist pediatric hospital in Kingston, Jamaica. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study including pediatric patients aged 3-10 years, ASA I and II, undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane for elective day-case procedures. Data collected included patients' level of anxiety pre-operatively using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, surgery performed, anesthetic duration and analgesics administered. Postoperatively, patients were assessed for emergence delirium, defined as agitation with non-purposeful movement, restlessness or thrashing; inconsolability and unresponsiveness to nursing and/or parental presence. The need for pharmacological treatment and post-operative complications related to emergence delirium episodes were also noted. Results: One hundred and forty-five (145) children were included, with emergence delirium occurring in 28 (19.3%). Emergence delirium episodes had a mean duration of 6.9±7.8 min, required pharmacologic intervention in 19 (67.8%) children and were associated with a prolonged recovery time (49.4±11.9 versus 29.7± 10.8 min for non-agitated children; p

Justificativa e objetivo: sabe-se que a vasoconstrição pulmonar hipóxica aumenta como resultado de desafios hipóxicos regionais intermitentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de sevoflurano e propofol na oxigenação e fração de shunt durante a ventilação monopulmonar em um novo modelo de hipóxia pré-condicionado antes da ventilação monopulmonar. Métodos: foram anestesiados intraperitonealmente antes das canulações venosa e arterial e traqueostomizados 16 ratos albinos Wistar. Os animais foram randomicamente distribuídos para receber perfusão de sevoflurano a 2% ou 10 mg/kg/h de propofol e ventilados com oxigênio a 100%, a uma taxa inspiratória de 80 respirações/minuto por 30 minutos. Três ciclos de ventilação monopulmonar e ventilação de ambos os pulmões foram feitos e a ventilação monopulmonar foi continuada por 15 min. Amostras de gasometria arterial foram obtidas da seguinte forma: após punção e traqueotomia, após 30 minutos de tratamento com sevoflurano ou propofol e aos cinco e 15 minutos de ventilação monopulmonar. Resultados: os níveis de PaO2 foram maiores e as frações de shunt menores nos ratos que receberam propofol em comparação com os ratos tratados com sevoflurano, mas a diferença não foi significante. Os dois grupos foram comparáveis em termos de PaCO2. Conclusões: os efeitos similares de sevoflurano e propofol na PaO2 durante a ventilacão monopulmonar após pré-condicionamento hipóxico podem ter resultado de outras causas além da inibição da vasoconstrição pulmonar hipóxica. A transição gradual para a ventilação monopulmonar é uma técnica nova de pré-condicionamento de experimentos para ventilação monopulmonar.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos O índice de analgesia/nocicepção (ANI) é usado para medir os níveis de dor, a atividade do sistema simpático e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca durante a anestesia geral. Em nosso estudo, a monitoração do ANI em dois grupos que foram submetidos à cirurgia de estabilização da coluna vertebral e receberam propofol‐remifentanil ( Total Intravenous Anesthesia – TIVA) e sevoflurano‐remifentanil foram comparados para identificar sua importância na previsão precoce de dor no pós‐operatório. Métodos Os pacientes foram monitorados com o uso de BIS e ANI juntamente com a monitoração padrão. Durante a indução, fentanil (2 μg.kg −1 ), propofol (2,5 mg.kg −1 ) e rocurônio (0,6 mg.kg −1 ) foram administrados. Durante a manutenção, 1 CAM de sevoflurano + remifentanil (0,05‐0,3 μg.kg −1 .min −1 ) e propofol (50‐150 μg.kg −1 .min −1 ) + remifentanil (0,05‐0,3 μg.kg −1 .min −1 ) foram administrados aos grupos S e T, respectivamente. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos, valores de BIS e ANI foram registrados durante a cirurgia e aos 30 minutos de pós‐operatório. Os valores escala visual analógica (EVA) aos 30 minutos de pós‐operatório foram registrados. Resultados Enquanto não observamos diferença entre as médias do ANI em todos os tempos de mensuração de ambos os grupos, as mensurações do ANI após a administração do analgésico no perioperatório foram significativamente maiores do que os valores basais de ambos os grupos. Houve correlação entre as médias dos valores de ANI e EVA após a anestesia. Conclusão ANI é um parâmetro importante para o monitoração de analgesia nos períodos perioperatório e pós‐operatório. Na cirurgia da coluna vertebral, analgesia semelhante pode ser obtida com anestesia intravenosa total com remifentanil e com a administração de sevoflurano. O ANI é eficiente para prever a necessidade de analgesia durante o período pós‐operatório imediato e, portanto, para proporcionar conforto ao paciente. Background and objectives The Analgesia Nociception Index is an index used to measure the levels of pain, sympathetic system activity and heart rate variability during general anesthesia. In our study, Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring in two groups who had undergone spinal stabilization surgery and were administered propofol–remifentanil (Total Intravenous Anesthesia) and sevoflurane–remifentanyl anesthesia was compared regarding its significance for prediction of postoperative early pain. Methods BIS and Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring were conducted in the patients together with standard monitoring. During induction, fentanyl 2 μg.kg −1 , propofol 2.5 mg.kg −1 and rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg −1 were administered. During maintenance, 1.0 MAC sevoflurane + remifentanil 0.05–0.3 μg.kg −1 .min −1 and propofol 50–150 μg.kg −1 .min + remifentanil 0.05–0.3 μg.kg −1 .min −1 were administered in Group S and Group T, respectively. Hemodynamic parameters, BIS and Analgesia Nociception Index values were recorded during surgery and 30 min postoperatively. Postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) values at 30 minutes were recorded. Results While no difference was found between mean Analgesia Nociception Index at all times of measurement in both groups, Analgesia Nociception Index measurements after administration of perioperative analgesic drug were recorded to be significantly higher compared to baseline values in both groups. There was correlation between mean values of Analgesia Nociception Index and VAS after anesthesia. Conclusion Analgesia Nociception Index is a valuable parameter for monitoring of perioperative and postoperative analgesia. In spine surgery, similar analgesia can be provided in both Total Intravenous Anesthesia with remifentanil and sevoflurane administration. Analgesia Nociception Index is efficient for prediction of the need for analgesia during the early postoperative period, and therefore is the provision of patient comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Perioperative anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. The global incidence is estimated to be 1 in 10,000-20,000 procedures. The most common agents are neuromuscular blockers, latex, and antibiotics. There are very few reports of allergies to inhaled anesthetics such as sevoflurane, which is considered relatively safe in patients with drug allergies. Case report: 12-year-old patient, admitted to oncology, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. History of two perioperative hypersensitivity reactions. In the first event, lidocaine and rupivacaine were administered, he presented urticaria, managed with an antihistamine. On the second occasion, he received only sevoflurane and presented anaphylaxis, treated with intramuscular adrenaline. Later during intrathecal therapy, he received sevoflurane, he presented rash and arterial hypotension, managed again with adrenaline, with total remission of symptoms. Retrospectively Brighton criteria level I of certainty, classified as serious by Brown. Hypersensitivity to sevoflurane was suspected, ruling out other anesthetics such as lidocaine and rupivacaine with negative intradermal skin tests. Molecular components for latex were requested with negative results for Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 6. Due to the above and associated with the characteristics of the drug, a basophil activation test for sevoflurane was performed with an activation percentage of 50% (positive). Perioperative anaphylaxis due to sevoflurane is confirmed. Conclusion: All drugs involved in perioperative hypersensitivity reactions should be considered to establish adequate and safe treatment alternatives for this small group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acercarnos a un respirador anestésico (o bien, a una estación de trabajo para los más finos) es acercarnos a una maquinaria relativamente reciente. Y a pesar de que los actuales modelos se presentan con diseños futuristas, mostrando variedad de pantallas y lucecitas, acercándolos más a la consola de un vehículo Tesla que a un dispositivo para ventilar pacientes, la verdad es que la tecnología de un respirador descansa más sobre aspectos mecánicos que sobre aspectos puramente electrónicos. Y junto al respirador está, casi siempre, el vaporizador. El vaporizador anestésico se ha convertido en un elemento fundamental dentro de la obra de ingeniería que es un respirador y representa, en sí mismo, la labor de un anestesiólogo en quirófano. Hay que admirar también cómo su funcionamiento tiene mucho de física y poco de electrónica siendo el propósito de este escrito mostrar algo más sobre la evolución y el funcionamiento de estos aparatos que nos acompañan en nuestra vida profesional. ABSTRACT Anaesthetic vaporizer Approaching an anaesthetic respirator (or a workstation for the finer ones) is to approach a relatively new machine: the current models are presented with futuristic designs, showing a variety of screens and little lights, and look more like a Tesla vehicle console than a patient ventilation device. The truth is that the technology of a respirator rests more on mechanical aspects than on electronic aspects. And next to the respirator is almost always the vaporizer. The anesthetic vaporizer has become a fundamental element in the design of a respirator and represents the work of an anesthesiologist in the operating room. The purpose of this paper is to show something more about the evolution and functioning of these devices. An engineering design that accompanies our professional life.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Comparar os efeitos da anestesia com sevoflurano e propofol sobre o dano oxidativo ao DNA que ocorre na isquemia de extremidade inferior e é causada pela aplicação de torniquete. Métodos Foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos iguais 14 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia. Grupo S (n = 7) recebeu inalação de sevoflurano (2,5‐4%) e Grupo P (n = 7) recebeu perfusão de propofol (1‐2 mg·kg −1 ·min −1 ), logo após um torniquete pneumático foi colocado na extremidade inferior direita. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes da colocação do torniquete (fase basal), após 120 minutos de isquemia, 15 minutos após a isquemia e 120 minutos após a isquemia. Os níveis de malondialdeído (MDA) foram analisados para determinar a peroxidação de lipídios e eletroforese em gel de célula única (EGCU) foi usada para determinar o dano ao DNA. Resultados Aos 15 minutos após a isquemia, os níveis de MDA no Grupo P (8,15 ± 2,61 μM) foram superiores aos da fase basal (6,26 ± 3,19 μM, p = 0,026) e dp Grupo S (4,98 ± 0,77 μM, p = 0,01). O dano causado ao DNA foi semelhante nos dois grupos, embora tenha sido maior do que na fase basal (momento da cauda 0,63 ± 0,27, intensidade da cauda 3,76 ± 1,26) no Grupo P no 15 minutos de reperfusão (momento da cauda 1,05 ± 0,45, p = 0,06; intensidade da cauda 5,33 ± 1,56, p = 0,01). O aumento no momento da cauda e a intensidade da cauda voltaram aos níveis normais nos dois grupos duas horas após o término da isquemia. Conclusão Como o estresse oxidativo e o efeito genotóxico desaparecem nos estágios finais da reperfusão, concluímos que não há superioridade tanto de sevoflurano quanto de propofol em práticas de anestesia para procedimentos cirúrgicos de extremidades que envolvem o uso de torniquete. Background and objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on oxidative DNA damage that occurs in low‐extremity ischemia and is caused by tourniquet application. Methods Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group S ( n = 7) received sevoflurane (2.5–4 percent) inhalation and Group P ( n = 7) received a propofol infusion (1–2 mg·kg −1 ·min −1 ), after which a pneumatic tourniquet was placed on the right lower extremity. Blood samples were collected prior to tourniquet placement (baseline), 120 min after ischemia, 15 min after ischemia and 120 minutes (min) after ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were analyzed to determine lipid peroxidation, and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to determine DNA damage. Results At 15 min after ischemia, the MDA levels in Group P (8.15 ± 2.61 μM) were higher than baseline (6.26 ± 3.19 μM, p = 0.026) and Group S (4.98 ± 0.77 μM, p = 0.01). DNA damage was similar in both groups, although DNA damage was higher than baseline (tail moment 0.63 ± 0.27, tail intensity 3.76 ± 1.26) in Group P at the 15th minute of reperfusion (tail moment 1.05 ± 0.45, p = 0.06; tail intensity 5.33 ± 1.56, p = 0.01). The increase in tail moment and tail intensity returned to normal levels in both groups 2 hours after the termination of ischemia. Conclusion Given that oxidative stress and genotoxic effect disappear in the late stages of reperfusion, we conclude that neither sevoflurane nor propofol can be considered superior to the other in anesthesia practices for extremity surgeries involving the use of a tourniquet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Anestésicos inalatórios são usados em humanos e também na prática médica veterinária. No presente estudo investigamos o efeito de isoflurano e sevoflurano em hepatócitos de rato. Métodos Foram usados neste estudo 40 ratos Wistar fêmeas. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de cinco. Os grupos IM e SM serviram como controle. Os grupos I1, I2 e I3 foram usados para o estudo de isoflurano e os grupos S1, S2 e S3 para o estudo de sevoflurano. Os ratos foram anestesiados três vezes, durante duas horas em intervalos de dois dias, com uma concentração de 1,5% de isoflurano (I1, I2, I3) e 2% de sevoflurano (S1, S2, S3). O fornecimento de oxigênio durante a anestesia foi de 1 L O 2 /min. Os grupos IM, IS, I1 e S1 foram sacrificados imediatamente após a última anestesia. Os grupos I2 e S2 foram sacrificados seis horas após a última anestesia e os grupos I3 e S3 foram sacrificados 24 horas após a anestesia. Amostras dos fígados foram colhidas para ressaltar a caspase‐3 em hepatócitos apoptóticos. Resultados Após a administração de isoflurano, havia menos de 1% das células em apoptose em destaque nos fígados dos ratos dos grupos IM, I1 e I2. Às 24 horas após a anestesia (grupo I3), um pequeno número de hepatócitos apoptóticos foi destacado (3,23% de células em apoptose), com uma disposição estritamente periacinar, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um pequeno número de lóbulos hepáticos. Após a administração do sevoflurano, menos de 1% de hepatócitos apoptóticos foi identificado em todos os momentos de controle ao longo do estudo. Conclusões Os resultados sugerem que os anestésicos não apresentam uma hepatotoxicidade considerável. A avaliação comparativa dos dois anestésicos mostra que sevoflurano é superior ao isoflurano. Background and objectives Inhalation anesthetics are used in human, as well as veterinary medical practice. In the present study we investigated the effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on rat hepatocytes. Methods A total of 40 Wistar female rats were used in this study. Animals were divided in groups of 5 rats. Groups IM, SM served as control groups. Groups I1, I2, I3 were used to study isoflurane and S1, S2, S3 for sevoflurane study. They were anesthetized 3 times, for 2 h long, at 2 days interval with a concentration of: 1.5% isoflurane (I1, I2, I3) and 2% sevoflurane (S1, S2, S3). The oxygen supply throughout the anesthesia was 1 L O 2 /min. Groups IM, IS, I1, S1 were sacrificed immediately after the last anesthesia. Groups I2, S2 were sacrificed 6 h after the last anesthesia, and groups I3, S3, 24 h post‐anesthesia. Liver samples were harvested to highlight caspase‐3 in apoptotic hepatocytes. Results Following isoflurane administration, there were less than 1% cells in apoptosis highlighted in rat livers from groups IM, I1 and I2. At 24 h post‐anesthesia (group I3), a small number of apoptotic hepatocytes was highlighted (around 3.23% cells in apoptosis), with a strictly periacinar disposition, randomly distributed in a small number of hepatic lobules. After sevoflurane administration, less than 1% apoptotic hepatocytes were identified at all control moments throughout the study. Conclusions The results suggest that the anesthetics do not present a considerable hepatotoxicity. The comparative assessment of the two anesthetics shows that sevoflurane is superior to isoflurane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Esclerose múltipla é doença desmielinizante do cérebro e da medula espinhal, caracterizada por fraqueza muscular, disfunção cognitiva, perda da memória, alterações de personalidade. Fatores que promovem exacerbação da doença são estresse, trauma físico, infecções, cirurgias, hipertermia. O objetivo é descrever a abordagem anestésica de um caso encaminhado a cirurgia urológica. Relato de caso Paciente do sexo feminino, 44 anos, portadora de esclerose múltipla, com o diagnóstico de nefrolitíase, é encaminhada a ureterolitotripsia endoscópica. Optou‐se por anestesia geral balanceada com midazolam, propofol e remifentanil em infusão alvo‐controlada, sevoflurano sob máscara laríngea e ventilação espontânea. Tendo apresentado dificuldade ventilatória por tórax rígido, optou‐se por interromper a infusão de remifentanil. Não se registraram outras intercorrências nem exacerbação da doença no pós‐operatório. Conclusão O uso de bloqueadores neuromusculares (tanto despolarizantes como não‐despolarizantes) constitui um problema nestes pacientes. Como não havia necessidade de relaxamento muscular neste caso, eles foram omitidos. Concluímos que a associação de propofol e sevoflurano foi satisfatória, não resultando em instabilidade hemodinâmica nem exacerbação da doença. Background and objectives Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, characterized by muscle weakness, cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and personality disorders. Factors that promote disease exacerbation are stress, physical trauma, infection, surgery, hyperthermia. The objective is to describe the anesthetic management of a case referred to urological surgery. Case report A female patient, 44 years of age, with multiple sclerosis, diagnosed with nephrolithiasis, referred for endoscopic ureterolythotripsy. Balanced general anesthesia was chosen, with midazolam, propofol and remifentanil target‐controlled infusion; sevoflurane via laryngeal mask airway; and spontaneous ventilation. Because the patient had respiratory difficulty presenting with chest wall rigidity, it was decided to discontinue the infusion of remifentanil. There was no other complication or exacerbation of disease postoperatively. Conclusion The use of neuromuscular blockers (depolarizing and non‐depolarizing) is a problem in these patients. As there was no need for muscle relaxation in this case, muscle relaxants were omitted. We conclude that the combination of propofol and sevoflurane was satisfactory, not resulting in hemodynamic instability or disease exacerbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os anestésicos inalatórios sensibilizam o miocárdio ou seu sistema de condução à ação das catecolaminas endógenas e/ou exógenas, predispondo o animal às arritmias cardíacas. Dentre os anestésicos voláteis, o sevoflurano e o desflurano são fármacos relativamente recentes e, embora sejam dotados de características relacionadas a não sensibilização do miocárdio às catecolaminas, desconhecem-se estudos que comparem suas eventuais propriedades antiarritmogênicas. Com o objetivo de estudar, comparativamente, o comportamento do ritmo cardíaco e observar eventuais bloqueios atrioventriculares em cães anestesiados pelo sevoflurano e desflurano e submetidos à infusão contínua de adrenalina, foram utilizados 20 animais adultos, os quais foram separados em dois grupos de igual número (G1 e G2). Aos cães do G1, foi administrado propofol, na dose média de 10mmg.kg-1; em seguida os animais receberam sevoflurano, a 1,5CAM. Decorridos 30 minutos do início da administração do anestésico volátil, iniciou-se a infusão de adrenalina na dose de 1mmg.kg-1.min-1. A cada 10 minutos, a dose da catecolamina foi acrescida em uma unidade, cessando-se a administração em 6mmg.kg-1.min-1. Para o G2, empregou-se a mesma metodologia, substituindo-se o sevoflurano pelo desflurano, administrado a 1,5CAM. A cada dose de adrenalina, foi feita contagem de batimentos ventriculares ectópicos, bem como a observação de bloqueios atrioventriculares. Os achados foram tratados pelos métodos estatísticos de Análise de Perfil e Kruskall-Wallis. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o desflurano minimiza de maneira mais eficiente a arritmia induzida pela adrenalina, além de reduzir a incidência de bloqueios atrioventriculares.

Avaliaram-se as variáveis eletrocardiográficas em cães submetidos à anestesia pelo sevoflurano. Foram empregados 16 cães clinicamente sadios, adultos, machos ou fêmeas, com peso médio de 15±3,5kg. Administrou-se levomepromazina (1,0 mg/kg) seguida pela administração de propofol (5,0 mg/kg), ambos pela via endovenosa. Os animais foram intubados e submetidos à anestesia inalatória com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio, através de circuito semi-fechado na concentração de 3,5V%. As aferições das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, oximetria, capnometria, pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média e das variáveis eletrocardiográficas foram realizadas imediatamente antes da administração da levomepromazina, 15 minutos após e imediatamente antes da administração do propofol, após 15 minutos da administração do agente inalatório e consecutivamente a cada 20 minutos. Após administração de levomepromazina, propofol e sevoflurano observou-se decréscimo das pressões arteriais sistólica e média. A levomepromazina ocasionou prolongamento do intervalo QT. O sevoflurano promoveu prolongamento da onda P e aumento de sua amplitude aos 70 e 130 minutos de anestesia, respectivamente, além de prolongamento do intervalo QT. Concluiu-se que a anestesia por sevoflurano, nas condições deste experimento, promoveu prolongamento do intervalo QT, sem no entanto incorrer em arritmias.

La relación entre anestesista/anestesiólogo y cirujano está plagada de mitos y realidades dando pie a una considerable lista de chascarrillos, chistes y exageraciones. Todos los que vivimos el quirófano sabemos, de la que a veces, puede ser una coexistencia difícil en un entorno muy especial. Afortunadamente, hoy en día, la medicina moderna tiende a constituir equipos multidisciplinares cuyos integrantes colaboran e interaccionan entre ellos. Pero también no es menos cierto que siguen existiendo profesionales que no han entendido cómo debe ser la actividad quirúrgica moderna y piensan que el enfermo viene a anestesiarse o a operarse (dependiendo del lado del río donde se mire) sin asumir, que simplemente, el paciente viene a que le solucionen un problema de salud o, al menos, a que su calidad de vida mejore tras dicho procedimiento. Y en este difícil equilibrio de egos, responsabilidades y oficios compartidos viene a sumarse, desde hace ya bastantes añitos, otra persona que se encarga de la monitorización neurofisiológica… El neurofisiólogo. Se ha sumado así a este baile un señor (o señora, no me malinterpreten) que viene con un carrito cargado de cables, que ocupa parte del apreciado y exiguo espacio que brindan los quirófanos y que encima, te dice cómo debes modificar tu anestesia habitual. Todo ello para que sus potenciales queden bien. ¡Tamaña desfachatez!

Inhalation anesthesia is widely used in veterinary medicine. New inhalation anesthetics that present less untoward effects, are more potent and produce a safe and easily changeable anesthetic plane are desirable over the older agents presently available. In this review some of the physical and chemical aspects of inhalation anesthesia is revisited. Because the agents used in inhalation anesthesia are gases or vapors, the physics of vaporization, delivery and administration of these agents should be understood. The two new inhalation anesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane, and the new anesthetic gas xenon have been used in human beings for some time. In veterinary medicine there is a lack of investigation and reports that assure the safety and clinical aspects of using them in animals. The information available on the use of these new agents in animals is revised in this article.A anestesia inalatória é amplamente utilizada em Medicina Veterinária. Novos anestésicos inalatórios que apresentem menos efeitos indesejáveis, que sejam mais potentes e que favoreçam a rápida modificação do plano anestésico com ampla margem de segurança, são desejáveis sobre os fármacos mais antigos disponíveis atualmente. Neste artigo de revisão, os aspectos físicos e químicos da anestesia inalatória foram revistos. Como, em geral, os fármacos anestésicos inalatórios são gases ou vapores, os aspectos físicos da volatização desses anestésicos, assim como os de sua administração devem ser entendidos. Os dois novos anestésicos inalatórios sevoflurano e desflurano e o novo gás anestésico xenônio têm sido usados em seres humanos já há algum tempo. Em medicina veterinária, ainda existe a necessidade de mais investigação e literatura publicada com relação ao uso clínico e a segurança do uso desses novos fármacos em animais. A literatura disponível sobre o uso desses anestésicos em animais está revisada neste artigo.