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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic findings of patients who were referred to the Genetic Diseases Diagnosis Center in Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty with a pre-diagnosis of infertility and diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Material and Methods: 50 of 412 cases applied to genetic diseases diagnosis center with pre-diagnosed of infertility were diagnosed with KS between 2016 and 2020. Karyotype and microdeletion analysis of AZF and SRY regions localized on the Y chromosome were performed in all cases. Conventional G banding technique by using Trypsin-Giemsa was applied for karyotype analysis. Y chromosome microdeletions were evaluated with DNA fragment analyses. Results: Our cases were phenotypi-cially onychoid, leggy and tall (1.79±0.05), and the volume of their testicles was small (right 1.97±0.51, left 2.12±0.66). 44% of the patients had beard growth and 28% had gynecomastia. In karyotype analysis within 50 KS cases, we found 46 cases with 47,XXY (92%), 2 cases with mosaic 47,XXY/46,XY (4%) and also 2 cases rarely seen mosaic 47,XXY/46,XX and 47,XXY/46,XX/46,XY (4%) karyotype. AZFc (sy1291) (2%) deletion was detected at one case in Y chromosome mi-crodeletion analysis. Conclusion: 50 of the 412 individuals who applied to genetic diseases diagnosis center with infertility complaints were diagnosed with KS (12.1%). Gynecomastia was present in 28% of the cases. In karyotype analysis, 92% regular, 8% mosaic type, 2 of mosaic cases had a rare karyotype. In molecular analysis, AZFc microdeletion was detected in one patient (2%). The clinical and laboratory findings in our cases with KS were compatible with the literature when we evaluated in general. However, our 2 cases with different mosaic structure has been reported only at eight cases in the literature so far, for that reason we thought that these rare findings are going to make a contribution to the literature. © 2021 by Türkiye Klinikleri.

Objective. Erysipelas-like erythema (ELE) is a well-known pathognomonic skin lesion associated with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and demographic features and phenotypic differences between paediatric FMF patients with and without ELE.

Given our reliance and affective attachment with non-human others, our vulnerabilities and resiliencies are deeply intertwined. This is made most apparent during a disaster. According to Oliver-Smith (2002), “Vulnerability is a concept that allows us to bring nature in from ‘out there’ and facilitates reconceptualizing nature-society relations from a duality to a mutuality” (42). In this paper I focus on the mutuality between humans and domesticated species, outlining how vulnerabilities are co-produced by our bonds with, and reliance on animal others. Domesticated animals are some of the most vulnerable of living beings in a disaster, as they often rely on humans for basic needs and are rarely included in disaster policy. Thus, so, too, are the guardians, friends, and families of these non-human others. Based on 12 months of multispecies ethnographic fieldwork with animal rescue non-profit organizations who assisted in the 2011 Fukushima evacuation and aftermath, I delineate the significance of building resiliency for both humans and domestic animals via disaster preparedness.

Background: The aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the level of marital violence among Turkish women and to determine whether infertility was a risk factor for marital violence. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted during January-July 2009 at a training hospital. The study groups comprised 204 fertile and 228 infertile women. We administered the Descriptive Information Questionnaire and Scale for Marital Violence against Women (SDVW) to obtain data. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between infertile and fertile women for the total score of violence in marriage. The emotional, economic and sexual violence scores were higher in the infertile group. However, the verbal violence score was lower Conclusion: We performed a detailed study aimed at uncovering the presence of any violence from the data collection stage to the end of treatment in infertile couples with the intent to include questions to this effect in the care plan.

Background and purpose : Radiation treatment of the elderly (>75 years) is often modified due to an assumed decrease in normal tissue tolerance in this age group. Since more radiobiological data concerning normal tissue toxicity as a function of age are needed, a histological study of age-related radiation changes of the rectum was performed. Materials and methods : The rectum of young and old female Wistar rats (12 and 78 weeks, respectively) was irradiated with single doses of 22 and 39 Gy. The field size was 1.5×2.0 cm. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 10 weeks after treatment. To evaluate radiation damage, 12 histological parameters were scored in four areas of the rectum. A total radiation injury score was calculated. The number of proliferative epithelial cells was evaluated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeling. Results : Some age-related histological differences were observed; especially, the incidence of ulceration and vascular occlusion was higher in the older group. In the low dose group of the older animals, 60% showed ulceration, which was 0% for the young low dose animals. Severe vascular changes occurred early and were more extensive in older animals (4 weeks) than in the younger group (10 weeks). In the area adjacent to the treatment field, cell proliferation increased significantly in older rats at 1 week after 22 Gy, which did not occur in the young group. Conclusions : Discrete radiation-induced histological differences were observed between the rectum of young and old Wistar rats, especially in the development of ulceration and vascular changes. Although the survival of these Wistar rats in earlier studies was not affected by age, the impact of the observed histological differences for their importance in the long-term is currently being investigated.

Eğitimde Bilginin Felsefi Temelleri adlı bu çalışmada, bilim felsefesinin amacı üzerinde durulmuştur.Makalede, bilimin tanımı yapılıp önemi irdelenmiş, felsefi temeli kısaca açıkladıktan sonra, eğitim felsefesi ve felsefenin eğitime katkıları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, çeşitli kaynaklar incelenerek, bilginin felsefi temelleri sunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Felsefe, Eğitim, Felsefi Temel.Abstract: In this study by the name of Philosophical Principals of Knowledge in Education, it has been studied the aim of philosophy of science.The definition of science and its importance has been made. After explaining the philosophical principals briefly, philosophy of science and the supply of philosophy to education has tried to be explained.As investigating various resources, philosophical principals of knowledge has been represented.Key Words: Philosophy, Education, Philosophical Principal.

Umblical and Uterine Artery Doppler Results and its Significance Related to Prognosis in Cases of Intracervical Prostoglandin E2 (PGE2) ApplicationInvestigation of the effect of intracervical application of PGE2 on fetal and uterine hemodynamics by using Doppler Ultrasonography.Our study group consisted of 46 cases followed in our high risk pregnancy unit between November 1996 and June 1997. All of the cases were nulliparous women with 37-42 weeks of pregnancy prepared for induction of labour. PGE2 was applied intra cervically. Umblical and uterine artery Doppler parameters were detected by using Vasoflo-3 sonicaid Continous Wave Doppler. Results were analyzed by variance analysis and paired t test.Doppler detected frank increase of arteria uterina PI 120 minutes after PGE2 appliation in cases with dilatation of cervix. This increase was absent in cases which did not respond to induction with PGE2. No significant difference was found in umblical artery PI in both groups of succesful and unsuccesful response to PGE2.We conclude that cervical dilatation and uterine contractions will ensue if Doppler detects an In uterine artery PI. 120 minutes after PGE2 application.We expect no favorable response to PGE2 application in cases without increase in PI and operative delivery may be considered.PGE2 doğum eyleminin başlamasına katkıda bulunmak amacı ile servikal olgunlaşmayı sağlamada kullanılan ajanlardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada intraservikal PGE2 uygulamasının uterus ve fetus hernodinamiğine olan etkisini ve prognozun Doppler ile erken belirlenip belirlenemeyeceği amaçlandı.Kasım 1996 ve Haziran 1997 tarihleri arasında Süleymaniye Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hastanesi'nin riskli gebelik ünitesi tarafından takipleri yapılan nullipar ve doğum eyleminin başlatılmasına karar verilmiş olan 37-42 haftalar arasındaki 46 gebelik olgusu çalışma kapsamına alındı. İntraservikal olarak PGE2 uygulandı. Uygulamanın hemen öncesinde, uygulamanın 60. ve 120. dakikalarında umblikal ve uterin arter Doppler bulguları (Pulsatilite İndeksi=PI) VASOFLO-3 SONICAID Continious Wave Doppler ile tespit edildi. Elde Edilen değerlerin istatistiksel analizleri varyans analizi ve iki eş arasındaki farkın önemlilik testi ile yapıldı.PGE2 uygulamasını takiben ilerleyen süre içersindeki Doppler incelemelerinde uygulamaya olumlu cevap vererek dilatasyon ve doğumla sonlanmış olgularda uterin arter PI değerlerinde 120.dakikada belirgin olarak tespit edilebilen artış gözlendi. PGE2'ye cevap alınamayan başarısız olgularda bu yükselme tespit edilmedi. Başarılı ve başarısız her iki grupta umblikal arter PI değerlerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik olmadı. PGE2 tatbikatından sonra 120. dakikada yapılan uterin arter PI değerlerinde uygulama öncesine göre artış tespit ediliyorsa serviks ve uterusun olumlu yanıt vereceğini dilatasyon ve doğumun rahatlıkla gerçekleşeceğini, PI değerinde artış olmayan grupta ise PGE2'ye cevap alınamayacağını ve operatif doğum gerekliliğinin ortaya çıkabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.