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SEN, Alaattin/0000-0002-8444-376X; WOS:000568886900001 PubMed ID: 32915696 Context CapparisL. (Capparaceae) is grown worldwide. Caper has been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including rheumatism, kidney, liver, stomach, as well as headache and toothache. Objective To isolate and elucidate of the secondary metabolites of theC. ovataextracts which are responsible for their anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods Buds, fruits, flowers, leaves and stems ofC. ovataDesf. was dried, cut to pieces, then ground separately. From their dichloromethane/hexane (1:1) extracts, eight compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR, mass spectroscopic techniques. The effects of compounds on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in SH-SY5Y cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR ranging from 4 to 96 mu M. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of the control, untreated cells. Results This is a first report on isolation of triterpenoids and steroids fromC. ovatawith anti-inflammatory activity. One new triterpenoid ester olean-12-en-3 beta,28-diol, 3 beta-pentacosanoate (1) and two new natural steroids 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxycholestan-3 beta-ol (5) and 5 beta,6 beta-epoxycholestan-3 beta-ol (6) were elucidated besides known compounds; oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), stigmast-5,22-dien-3 beta-myristate (7) and bismethyl-octylphthalate (8). mRNA expression levels as EC(10)of all the tested seven genes were decreased, particularly CXCL9 (19.36-fold), CXCL10 (8.14-fold), and TNF (18.69) by the treatment of 26 mu M of compound1on SH-SY5Y cells. Discussion and conclusions Triterpenoids and steroids isolated fromC. ovatawere found to be moderate-strong anti-inflammatory compounds. Particularly, compounds1and3were found to be promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK-112S187]; Pamukkale UniversityPamukkale University [PAUBAP-2014FBE051] This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-112S187] and Pamukkale University PAUBAP-2014FBE051 projects funds.

Nickel (Ni) is a frequently used metal in the production of many products, and Ni exposure occurs in humans through food, inhalation, and skin. Studies reported Ni as the most common allergen diagnosed in the serial patch test. The main purpose of our study was to determine the concentration of Ni and other elements in the urine samples of individuals with Ni-sensitivity and to determine the effect of lifestyle habits on these variables. This study was conducted with 388 participants; additionally, both Ni patch test and inorganic analysis (for 24 elements) method in urine with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were applied to all participants. Ninety-two (23.7%) of the participants were found to have nickel sensitivity with a mean urine concentration of 4.475 mu g/g creatinine (median=4.260; SD=2.527). The urine nickel concentration was significantly different between female and male participants (p =0.001). We found a significant correlation between Ni and other metals alongside various element pairs. The mean urine Ni concentration of the individuals with a positive Ni sensitivity test result was not different from that of the participants without Ni sensitivity (4.475 vs 4.256 mu g/g creatinine, respectively; p = 0.068). The high accuracy, recovery, and repeatability data obtained from the analyses indicate that this study is efficient and appropriate for the quantitative determination of nickel and other elements in urine samples. Ni-containing objects and Ni-rich foods should be of concern for individuals with hypersensitivity reactions to the element.

Pesticides are chemical agents used to destroy or control pests, both in agriculture and in public health. Despite the beneficial effects associated with the usage of them, these chemicals may cause adverse effects to humans and to the nature. In addition, many pesticides are persistent and may therefore bioaccumulate in the environment; also some of them are important carcinogens and mutagens. In the world, alarming levels of pesticides have been detected in air, water, soil, as well as in foods and biological materials. Because of the special character as sink and source of contaminants soil is a critical medium, and as an environmental contaminant that comes into contact with soil intensively, pesticides are one of the important issues of environmental soil forensics. The different classes and wide range of pesticides and environmental mediums containing them have made essential the development of sensitive and current methods for the analysis of pesticide residues for environmental monitoring and forensic investigations. This chapter describes pesticides, historical background of pesticide usage, pesticides classification, environmental impacts and fate of pesticides, misuse and overuse of them, and provides a general brief overview on the soil sampling and pre-treatment, the basic principles of the conventional and also modern extraction approaches (including their advantages and disadvantages), and the chromatographic-based determination techniques used for pesticide residue analysis in soil.

α-Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control insects. In soil, α-cypermethrin biodegrades relatively slowly under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A high-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of α-cypermethrin from soil by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The linearity range was between 12.5 and 1000 ng/spot, the limit of detection was 2.1 ng/spot, the limit of quantification was 6.4 ng/spot, and the recovery was 91%. The reported method was found to be sensitive, rapid, and suitable for the analysis of α-cypermethrin in soil and it was successfully applied to the soil samples collected from a treated agricultural field. α-Cypermethrin was detected in all soil samples at concentrations ranging from 78.9 to 708.7 ng g−1.

The concentration of twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) in green coffee samples and their infusions were determined by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Prior to analysis, green coffee samples were prepared by microwave digestion, while infusions were analyzed without any pre-treatment. The accuracy and precision of the proposed methods were verified by recovery experiments. Considering samples; K, Cu, and Al had the highest mean concentrations with 6714.5 μg g−1, 12.1 μg g−1, and 25.9 μg g−1 among major, trace and toxic elements, respectively. The impact of brewing type on leachability of elements was also studied and the results outlined that mean leachability of elements to Turkish coffee were greater than to mud coffee. Furthermore, dietary element intakes through green coffee consumption were also estimated. This is the first study presenting wide range of elements in green coffee brews and calculating dietary intakes.