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1. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Children With COVID-19 in Turkey

Author

Adem Karbuz, Gulsen Akkoc, Tugba Bedir Demirdag, Dilek Yilmaz Ciftdogan, Arife Ozer, Deniz Cakir, Selda Hancerli Torun, Eda Kepenekli, Tugba Erat, Nazan Dalgic, Sare Ilbay, Ayse Karaaslan, Emine H. Erdeniz, F. Deniz Aygun, S. Elmas Bozdemir, Nevin Hatipoglu, Melike Emiroglu, Zumrut Sahbudak Bal, Ergin Ciftci, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Zeynep Gokce Gayretli Aydin, Sevliya Ocal Demir, Omer Kilic, Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu, Dicle Sener Okur, Semra Sen, Aysun Yahsi, Hacer Akturk, Benhur Cetin, Murat Sutcu, Manolya Kara, Hatice Uygun, Tugce Tural Kara, Gulay Korukluoglu, Ozlem Akgun, Gülnihan Üstündağ, Mevsim Demir Mis, Enes Sali, Ozge Kaba, Nurhayat Yakut, Orhan Kılıc, M. Kemal Kanik, Ceren Cetin, Adem Dursun, Muharrem Cicek, Esra Kockuzu, Esra Sevketoglu, Gulsum Alkan, Gizem Guner Ozenen, Erdal İnce, Zekiye Baydar, Ahmet Kagan Ozkaya, Husnu Fahri Ovali, Seher Tekeli, Solmaz Celebi, Birgul Cubukcu, Alkan Bal, Fidan Khalilova, Mehmet Kose, Halil Ugur Hatipoglu, Tahir Dalkiran, Mehmet Turgut, Ayse Basak Altas, Hatice Nilgün Selcuk Duru, Ahu Aksay, Sevcan Saglam, Mehpare Sari Yanartas, Zeynep Ergenc, Yasemin Akin, Yeter Duzenli Kar, Sabit Sahin, Sadiye Kubra Tuteroz, Nimet Melis Bilen, Halil Ozdemir, Mine Cidem Senoglu, Burcu Pariltan Kucukalioglu, Gulser Esen Besli, Yalcin Kara, Cansu Turan, Burcu Selbest Demirtas, Aydın Celikyurt, Yasemin Cosgun, Murat Elevli, Aslihan Sahin, Serife Bahtiyar Oguz, Ayper Somer, Bulent Karadag, Recep Demirhan, Hatice Turk Dagi, Zafer Kurugol, Esra Cakmak Taskin, Aysegul Sahiner, Edanur Yesil, Yildiz Ekemen Keles, Remzi Sarikaya, Ela Erdem Eralp, Ferda Ozkinay, Hatice Kubra Konca, Songul Yilmaz, Yasemin Gokdemir, Gul Arga, Seval Ozen, Fevziye Coksuer, Goksel Vatansever, Hasan Tezer, and Ates Kara

Subjects
COVID-19, pediatric, epidemiology, laboratory findings, disease severity, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by pediatric infectious disease specialists from 32 different hospitals from all over Turkey by case record forms. Pediatric cases who were diagnosed as COVID-19 between March 16, 2020, and June 15, 2020 were included. Case characteristics including age, sex, dates of disease onset and diagnosis, family, and contact information were recorded. Clinical data, including the duration and severity of symptoms, were also collected. Laboratory parameters like biochemical tests and complete blood count, chest X-ray, and chest computed tomography (CT) were determined.Results: There were 1,156 confirmed pediatric COVID-19 cases. In total, male cases constituted 50.3% (n = 582) and females constituted 49.7% (n = 574). The median age of the confirmed cases was 10.75 years (4.5–14.6). Of the total cases, 90 were younger than 1 year of age (7.8%), 108 were 1–3 years of age (9.3%), 148 were 3–6 years of age (12.8%), 298 were 6–12 years of age (25.8%), 233 were 12–15 years of age (20.2%), and 268 cases were older than 15 years of age (23.2%). The most common symptom of the patients at the first visit was fever (50.4%) (n = 583) for a median of 2 days (IQR: 1–3 days). Fever was median at 38.4°C (38.0–38.7°C). The second most common symptom was cough (n = 543, 46.9%). The other common symptoms were sore throat (n = 143, 12.4%), myalgia (n = 141, 12.2%), dyspnea (n = 118, 10.2%), diarrhea (n = 112, 9.7%), stomachache (n = 71, 6.1%), and nasal discharge (n = 63, 5.4%). When patients were classified according to disease severity, 263 (22.7%) patients were asymptomatic, 668 (57.7%) patients had mild disease, 209 (18.1%) had moderate disease, and 16 (1.5%) cases had severe disease. One hundred and forty-nine (12.9%) cases had underlying diseases among the total cases; 56% of the patients who had severe disease had an underlying condition (p < 0.01). The need for hospitalization did not differ between patients who had an underlying condition and those who do not have (p = 0.38), but the need for intensive care was higher in patients who had an underlying condition (p < 0.01). Forty-seven (31.5%) of the cases having underlying conditions had asthma or lung disease (38 of them had asthma).Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest pediatric data about confirmed COVID-19 cases. Children from all ages appear to be susceptible to COVID-19, and there is a significant difference in symptomatology and laboratory findings by means of age distribution.

Published
2021
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2. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Features of Children With COVID-19 in Turkey

Author

Sadiye Kubra Tuteroz, Hatice Turk Dagi, Melike Emiroglu, Yalçın Kara, Gulnihan Ustundag, Dicle Sener Okur, Nimet Melis Bilen, Fevziye Coksuer, Yasemin Cosgun, Esra Çakmak Taşkın, Ceren Çetin, Tugba Erat, Zeynep Ergenc, Mehmet Köse, Enes Sali, Zafer Kurugol, Cansu Turan, Nurhayat Yakut, M Kemal Kanik, Fidan Khalilova, Gulser Esen Besli, Halil Özdemir, Erdal Ince, Yıldız Ekemen Keleş, Mine Cidem Senoglu, Murat Sutcu, Zümrüt Şahbudak Bal, Gül Arga, Burcu Selbest Demirtas, Mehpare Sarı Yanartaş, Emine H Erdeniz, Aydın Celikyurt, Orhan Kılıc, Göksel Vatansever, Ayşe Karaaslan, Birgul Cubukcu, Hüsnü Fahri Ovalı, Halil Ugur Hatipoglu, Serife Bahtiyar Oguz, Burcu Pariltan Kucukalioglu, Sabit Sahin, Muharrem Cicek, Ozlem Marti Akgun, S Elmas Bozdemir, Aysun Yahşi, Deniz Çakır, Hatice Nilgün Selçuk Duru, Aslıhan Şahin, Aysegul Sahiner, Zeynep Gökçe Gayretli Aydın, Özge Kaba, Solmaz Celebi, Tuğba Bedir Demirdağ, Manolya Kara, Mehmet Turgut, Tuğçe Tural Kara, Alkan Bal, Hacer Aktürk, Ferda Ozkinay, Hasan Tezer, Nevin Hatipoğlu, Arife Ozer, Bulent Karadag, Yasemin Gokdemir, Seval Özen, Esra Kockuzu, Adem Karbuz, Yasemin Akın, Ergin Çiftçi, Tahir Dalkiran, Hatice Kübra Konca, Murat Elevli, Gizem Guner Ozenen, Benhur Şirvan Çetin, Ahu Kara Aksay, Sevcan Saglam, Gülşen Akkoç, Omer Kilic, Selda Hançerli Törün, Dilek Yılmaz Çiftdoğan, Edanur Yeşil, Sare Ilbay, Semra Şen, Ateş Kara, Nazan Dalgic, Gulay Korukluoglu, Ayper Somer, Eda Kepenekli, Yeter Duzenli Kar, Zekiye Baydar, Recep Demirhan, Esra Şevketoğlu, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Gülsüm Alkan, Ela Erdem Eralp, Ayse Basak Altas, Ahmet Kağan Özkaya, Mevsim Demir Mis, Seher Tekeli, Hatice Uygun, Adem Dursun, Sevliya Öcal Demir, Mustafa Hacimustafaoglu, Songül Yılmaz, Remzi Sarikaya, F Deniz Aygun, Karbuz, Adem, Akkoc, Gulsen, Bedir Demirdag, Tugba, Yilmaz Ciftdogan, Dilek, Ozer, Arife, Cakir, Deniz, Hancerli Torun, Selda, Kepenekli, Eda, Erat, Tugba, Dalgic, Nazan, Ilbay, Sare, Karaaslan, Ayse, Erdeniz, Emine H., Aygun, F. Deniz, Bozdemir, S. Elmas, Hatipoglu, Nevin, Emiroglu, Melike, Sahbudak Bal, Zumrut, Ciftci, Ergin, Bayhan, Gulsum Iclal, Gayretli Aydin, Zeynep Gokce, Ocal Demir, Sevliya, Kilic, Omer, Hacimustafaoglu, Mustafa, Sener Okur, Dicle, Sen, Semra, Yahsi, Aysun, Akturk, Hacer, Cetin, Benhur, Sutcu, Murat, Kara, Manolya, Uygun, Hatice, Tural Kara, Tugce, Korukluoglu, Gulay, Akgun, Ozlem, ustundag, Gulnihan, Demir Mis, Mevsim, Sali, Enes, Kaba, Ozge, Yakut, Nurhayat, Kilic, Orhan, Kanik, M. Kemal, Cetin, Ceren, Dursun, Adem, Cicek, Muharrem, Kockuzu, Esra, Sevketoglu, Esra, Alkan, Gulsum, Guner Ozenen, Gizem, Ince, Erdal, Baydar, Zekiye, Ozkaya, Ahmet Kagan, Ovali, Husnu Fahri, Tekeli, Seher, Celebi, Solmaz, Cubukcu, Birgul, Bal, Alkan, Khalilova, Fidan, Kose, Mehmet, Hatipoglu, Halil Ugur, Dalkiran, Tahir, Turgut, Mehmet, Basak Altas, Ayse, Selcuk Duru, Hatice Nilgun, Aksay, Ahu, Saglam, Sevcan, Sari Yanartas, Mehpare, Ergenc, Zeynep, Akin, Yasemin, Duzenli Kar, Yeter, Sahin, Sabit, Tuteroz, Sadiye Kubra, Bilen, Nimet Melis, Ozdemir, Halil, Senoglu, Mine Cidem, Pariltan Kucukalioglu, Burcu, Besli, Gulser Esen, Kara, Yalcin, Turan, Cansu, Selbest Demirtas, Burcu, Celikyurt, Aydin, Cosgun, Yasemin, Elevli, Murat, Sahin, Aslihan, Bahtiyar Oguz, Serife, Somer, Ayper, Karadag, Bulent, Demirhan, Recep, Turk Dagi, Hatice, Kurugol, Zafer, Taskin, Esra Cakmak, Sahiner, Aysegul, Yesil, Edanur, Ekemen Keles, Yildiz, Sarikaya, Remzi, Erdem Eralp, Ela, Ozkinay, Ferda, Konca, Hatice Kubra, Yilmaz, Songul, Gokdemir, Yasemin, Arga, Gul, Ozen, Seval, Coksuer, Fevziye, Vatansever, Goksel, Tezer, Hasan, Kara, Ates, Aktürk, Hacer, Çelikyurt, Aydın, Akkoç, Gülşen, Bedir Demirdağ, Tuğba, Yılmaz Çiftdoğan, Dilek, Özer, Arife, Çakır, Deniz, Hançerli Törün, Selda, Erat, Tuğba, Dalgıç, Nazan, İlbay, Sare, Karaaslan, Ayşe, Aygün, F. Deniz, Hatipoğlu, Nevin, Emiroğlu, Melike, Şahbudak Bal, Zümrüt, Çiftçi, Ergin, Bayhan, Gülsüm İclal, Gayretli Aydın, Zeynep Gökçe, Öcal Demir, Sevliya, Kılıç, Ömer, Hacımustafaoğlu, Mustafa, Şener Okur, Dicle, Şen, Semra, Yahşi, Aysun, Çetin, Benhur, Sütçü, Murat, Tural Kara, Tuğçe, Korukluoğlu, Gülay, Akgün, Özlem, Üstündağ, Gülnihan, Salı, Enes, Kaba, Özge, Kılıç, Orhan, Kanık, M. Kemal, Çetin, Ceren, Çiçek, Muharrem, Koçkuzu, Esra, Şevketoğlu, Esra, Alkan, Gülsüm, Güner Özenen, Gizem, İnce, Erdal, Özkaya, Ahmet Kağan, Ovalı, Hüsnü Fahri, Çelebi, Solmaz, Çubukçu, Birgül, Köse, Mehmet, Hatipoğlu, Halil Uğur, Dalkıran, Tahir, Başak Altaş, Ayşe, Selçuk Duru, Hatice Nilgün, Sağlam, Sevcan, Sarı Yanartaş, Mehpare, Ergenç, Zeynep, Akın, Yasemin, Düzenli Kar, Yeter, Şahin, Sabit, Tüter Öz, Şadiye Kübra, Özdemir, Halil, Şenoglu, Mine Çiğdem, Parıltan Küçükalioğlu, Burcu, Besli, Gülser Esen, Kara, Yalçın, Selbest Demirtaş, Burcu, Coşgun, Yasemin, Şahin, Aslıhan, Bahtiyar Oğuz, Şerife, Karadağ, Bülent, Türk Dağı, Hatice, Kurugöl, Zafer, Taşkın, Esra Çakmak, Şahiner, Ayşegül, Yeşil, Edanur, Ekemen Keleş, Yıldız, Sarıkaya, Remzi, Özkınay, Ferda, Konca, Hatice Kübra, Yılmaz, Songül, Gökdemir, Yasemin, Arga, Gül, Özen, Seval, Çoksüer, Fevziye, Vatansever, Göksel, Kara, Ateş, Koç University Hospital, School of Medicine, İstinye Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Murat Sütçü / 0000-0002-2078-9796, Halil Uğur Hatipoğlu / 0000-0002-7393-677X, Murat Sütçü / ABG-7336-2021, Halil Uğur Hatipoğlu / AAR-7056-2020, Murat Sütçü / 55499199300, and Halil Uğur Hatipoğlu / 56545443800

Subjects
myalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pediatrics, Asymptomatic, RJ1-570, COVID-19, Pediatric, Epidemiology, Laboratory findings, Disease severity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Sore throat, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Asthma, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Complete blood count, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, CORONAVIRUS DISEASE, pediatric, laboratory findings, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, epidemiology, disease severity, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Objectives: the aim of this study is to identify the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.Methods: a retrospective study was conducted by pediatric infectious disease specialists from 32 different hospitals from all over Turkey by case record forms. Pediatric cases who were diagnosed as COVID-19 between March 16, 2020, and June 15, 2020 were included. Case characteristics including age, sex, dates of disease onset and diagnosis, family, and contact information were recorded. Clinical data, including the duration and severity of symptoms, were also collected. Laboratory parameters like biochemical tests and complete blood count, chest X-ray, and chest computed tomography (CT) were determined. Results: there were 1,156 confirmed pediatric COVID-19 cases. In total, male cases constituted 50.3% (n = 582) and females constituted 49.7% (n = 574). The median age of the confirmed cases was 10.75 years (4.5-14.6). Of the total cases, 90 were younger than 1 year of age (7.8%), 108 were 1-3 years of age (9.3%), 148 were 3-6 years of age (12.8%), 298 were 6-12 years of age (25.8%), 233 were 12-15 years of age (20.2%), and 268 cases were older than 15 years of age (23.2%). The most common symptom of the patients at the first visit was fever (50.4%) (n = 583) for a median of 2 days (IQR: 1-3 days). Fever was median at 38.4 degrees C (38.0-38.7 degrees C). The second most common symptom was cough (n = 543, 46.9%). The other common symptoms were sore throat (n = 143, 12.4%), myalgia (n = 141, 12.2%), dyspnea (n = 118, 10.2%), diarrhea (n = 112, 9.7%), stomachache (n = 71, 6.1%), and nasal discharge (n = 63, 5.4%). When patients were classified according to disease severity, 263 (22.7%) patients were asymptomatic, 668 (57.7%) patients had mild disease, 209 (18.1%) had moderate disease, and 16 (1.5%) cases had severe disease. One hundred and forty-nine (12.9%) cases had underlying diseases among the total cases; 56% of the patients who had severe disease had an underlying condition (p < 0.01). The need for hospitalization did not differ between patients who had an underlying condition and those who do not have (p = 0.38), but the need for intensive care was higher in patients who had an underlying condition (p < 0.01). Forty-seven (31.5%) of the cases having underlying conditions had asthma or lung disease (38 of them had asthma). Conclusions: to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest pediatric data about confirmed COVID-19 cases. Children from all ages appear to be susceptible to COVID-19, and there is a significant difference in symptomatology and laboratory findings by means of age distribution., NA

Published
2021

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