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Cerebral infarction in cancer patients is often caused by thrombosis due to hypercoagulability, and in some cases, caused by direct tumor embolism. We report the case of cerebral infarction due to direct tumor embolism mixed with thrombus. Biopsy of blood clots obtained during thrombectomy is important for diagnosis. If there is a high risk of thrombosis among cancer patients with cerebral infarction, the use of appropriate antithrombotic agents along with maintaining a certain level of platelets should be considered.

Vitamin D deficiency has become a social problem in many countries as modern people’s indoor living time increases and their exposure to natural light shortens. In order to solve this problem, sun exposure is recommended. Outdoor activity guide service is provided by providing accurate UV-related information, while UV lighting technology is being developed in order to provide UV dose to indoor residents. However, these methods have limitations in directly supporting adequate UV doses for those who have difficulty in carrying out outdoor activities, whereas UV lighting does not provide accurate safety information about exposure. In this paper, a UVB-LED special lighting that supports indoor residents to meet a daily recommended UVB dose is proposed. First, the UVB-LED light source that can achieve an optimal UVB dose is selected. Its lighting characteristics are measured and analyzed and then a combination and control condition of the light source that can safely provide UVB dose are derived. After a stand-type lighting equipment considering ease of use is designed, a UVB-LED special lighting that meets the photobiological safety standard of lighting (Risk Group 2) is developed. The expected amount of vitamin D synthesis by distance and use duration is calculated through a performance test for the proposed lighting. The test results show that when the proposed lighting is used at a distance of 20 cm for 33–40 min, the daily recommended vitamin D synthesis can be achieved.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unique characteristics, i.e., self-renewal and pluripotency, that are clearly distinct from those of other types of cells. These characteristics of hESCs are tightly regulated by complex signaling mechanisms. In this study, we show that the yes-associated protein (YAP) functions in an hESC-specific manner to maintain self-renewal and survival in hESCs. hESCs reacted highly sensitively to YAP downregulation for cell survival. Interestingly, hESC displayed dynamic changes of YAP expression in response to YAP downregulation. Our results also demonstrated that YAP is critical for the maintenance of self-renewal. Meanwhile, we found that doxycycline upregulated YAP in hESCs and attenuated the decrease in cell survival induced by YAP downregulation. However, neither the decrease in the expression of self-renewal markers triggered by YAP downregulation nor neural/cardiac differentiation was affected by doxycycline treatment. Collectively, the results of this study revealed the mechanism underlying the role of YAP as well as a novel function of doxycycline in hESCs.

As outdoor activities are necessary for maintaining our health, research interest in environmental conditions such as the weather, atmosphere, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is increasing. In particular, UV radiation, which can benefit or harm the human body depending on the degree of exposure, is recognized as an essential environmental factor that needs to be identified. However, unlike the weather and atmospheric conditions, which can be identified to some extent by the naked eye, UV radiation corresponds to wavelength bands that humans cannot recognize; hence, the intensity of UV radiation cannot be measured. Recently, although devices and sensors that can measure UV radiation have been launched, it is very difficult for ordinary users to acquire ambient UV radiation information directly because of the cost and inconvenience caused by operating separate devices. Herein, a deep neural network (DNN)-based ultraviolet index (UVI) calculation method is proposed using representative color information of sun object images. First, Mask-region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) are applied to sky images to extract sun object regions and then detect the representative color of the sun object regions. Then, a deep learning model is constructed to calculate the UVI by inputting RGB color values, which are representative colors detected later along with the altitude angle and azimuth of the sun at that time. After selecting each day of spring and autumn, the performance of the proposed method was tested, and it was confirmed that accurate UVI could be calculated within a range of mean absolute error of 0.3.

Background The cost-effectiveness of both cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine by delaying nursing home placement has been supported by numerous studies. The importance of sustained pharmacological treatment in dementia has been relatively less recognized by public health policies compared to early diagnosis. We investigated the effect of the drug (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine) compliance on the health care costs in newly-diagnosed dementia. Methods National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database which covers the entire population of South Korea was used for analysis. Health care expenditure of patients newly-diagnosed with dementia in between 2012 and 2014 was investigated for 3–5 years. For drug compliance, we used Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) that indicates the percentage of time a patient has access to medication. Multivariate linear regression analysis including generalized estimated equation and gamma distribution was used for statistical analysis. Results We identified 252,594 patients who were both prescribed with cognitive enhancers and newly diagnosed with dementia. When initial MPR increased 20%, total health care costs decreased 8.4% (RR = 0.916, 95%; CI 0.914 to 0.916). Same relationship was shown with medical costs related to dementia, admission to a general hospital, and emergency room visits. When MPR increased 20% compared to the previous year, the total health care costs, admission to a general hospital, emergency room visits, and admission to a nursing hospital decreased. Conclusions This population-based retrospective cohort study provides evidence that patients newly-diagnosed with dementia who showed higher initial drug compliance or maintained antidementia drugs (Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) would benefit in total health-care costs.

Circadian rhythm is linked to sleep, arousal and human health overall, affecting body temperature and heart rate. A 24-h natural-light cycle provides optimum lighting environment for humans. However, as people increasingly stay indoors with artificial lighting, lacking periodic characteristics, imbalance in the circadian rhythm ensues. Previous lighting-related studies to resolve such problem partially provided the colour temperatures of natural light but failed to reproduce the 24-h periodic characteristics of it. This study proposes a natural light-reproducing system that provides the daylight cycle characteristics of natural light in order to maintain the circadian rhythm. Natural light was measured through an optical measurement equipment, while the characteristics (colour temperature and short-wavelength ratio) of natural light by season and time were analysed. Subsequently, the control indicator of seasonal and hourly lighting was extracted and applied to the light-emitting diode lighting to provide lighting service, executing a daylight cycle that reflects the characteristics of natural light. After the sunset, especially, the circadian rhythm was maintained by minimizing the short-wavelength ratio of the lighting while maintaining indoor illumination.

The development of cerebral organoid technology has allowed the human neural tissue to be collected for studying human brain development and neurological diseases. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids (hCOs) are a theoretically infinite source of fresh human brain tissue for various research purposes. However, hCOs have limitations, including core necrotic cell death. To solve this problem, we tested a simple method, which has been previously overlooked. In this study, we mechanically cut 70-day-old hCOs with a scalpel blade into 2 to 4 pieces, each depending on their original size. After culturing cut hCOs for additional 7 days, their size was less variable and smaller than uncut hCOs and there were no histological differences between uncut and cut hCOs. Note that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)−1α was expressed in the central area of uncut hCOs but not in cut hCOs. Uncut hCOs, therefore, showed broad core areas stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), whereas cut hCOs did not. In conclusion, this simple mechanical cutting method allowed us to acquire a larger number of hCOs without a necrotic core., Human pluripotent stem cell; Cerebral organoids; Necrosis; Mechanical cutting.

Ultraviolet rays are closely related with human health and, recently, optimum exposure to the UV rays has been recommended, with growing importance being placed on correct UV information. However, many countries provide UV information services at a local level, which makes it impossible for individuals to acquire user-based, accurate UV information unless individuals operate UV measurement devices with expertise on the relevant field for interpretation of the measurement results. There is a limit in measuring ultraviolet rays’ information by the users at their respective locations. Research about how to utilize mobile devices such as smartphones to overcome such limitation is also lacking. This paper proposes a mobile deep learning system that calculates UVI based on the illuminance values at the user’s location obtained with mobile devices’ help. The proposed method analyzed the correlation between illuminance and UVI based on the natural light DB collected through the actual measurements, and the deep learning model’s data set was extracted. After the selection of the input variables to calculate the correct UVI, the deep learning model based on the TensorFlow set with the optimum number of layers and number of nodes was designed and implemented, and learning was executed via the data set. After the data set was converted to the mobile deep learning model to operate under the mobile environment, the converted data were loaded on the mobile device. The proposed method enabled providing UV information at the user’s location through a mobile device on which the illuminance sensors were loaded even in the environment without UVI measuring equipment. The comparison of the experiment results with the reference device (spectrometer) proved that the proposed method could provide UV information with an accuracy of 90–95% in the summers, as well as in winters.

Ultraviolet rays have beneficial or detrimental effects on human health, depending on the degree of exposure. Recently, with increasing interest about health, the demand for UV-related information has also increased. Therefore, this paper proposes a DNN model that applies seasonal characteristics to calculate the illuminance-based UV information at the user’s location. For that, the relationship between the UV information and natural light’s characteristics using the measured natural light data was analyzed. After that, a data set was constructed by considering seasonal characteristics of the light, and DNN model learning is performed through the data set. The DNN model which calculates illuminance-based UV information is validated by considering accuracy of UVI calculation according to adaptation of seasonal characteristics in the input data. The proposed model was validated by comparing accuracy of UVI calculation according to application of the seasonal characteristics for the DNN model that determines the illuminance-based UV information.

This paper proposes a lighting system that maintains color temperature of natural light by reflecting the changes of external incoming light. For that, characteristics of indoor lighting environment are measured and experimental environment to control the light is constructed. The color temperature of the natural light by solar terms are derived by analyzing measured natural light database. After that, color temperatures from various points inside the room are measured and LED lighting is controlled by linking it with the measured color temperature data. The results indicated that the lighting system that adaptably reproduce the color temperature of natural light even if external incoming light is changed. The color temperature changes of the indoor lighting environment are measured and analyzed before and after implementing the proposed system to validate the performance of the proposed lighting system that maintains color temperature of natural light.

Modern people spend longer time in artificial lighting environments, it causes problems such as biorhythm imbalance. In order to resolve this problem, studies are being conducted to reproduce the characteristics of natural light through indoor lighting. However, researches for detect anomalies of color temperature caused by cloud and weather changes during real-time measurement of the color temperature are lacking. This paper proposes classification algorithm of real-time color temperature anomalies of natural light based on deep learning. First, anomaly was defined by analyzing daily color temperature pattern on the clear day and cloudy day with the natural light data measured for two years. The factors related with the occurrence of anomalies were explored and a data set to be used in the deep learning model was extracted. The deep learning model that uses LSTM layer which is beneficial to reflect time series characteristics of the extracted data was designed.

The characteristics of natural light are mostly collected through specialized measuring equipment, such as a spectroradiometer, and some suggested measurement methods through a small RGB sensor. However, specialized measuring equipment presents difficulty in its high cost, and the RGB-sensor-based method has the limitation of being unable to measure the wavelength characteristics of natural light that are needed to implement lighting that supports circadian rhythms. This paper presents a method for calculating the short-wavelength-ratio-based color temperature of natural light in real time. First, an analysis of the correlation between the characteristics of natural light collected through a spectroradiometer was performed to determine the factors that were needed to accurately measure the color temperature of natural light. Then, the short-wavelength ratio of natural light was calculated through chromaticity coordinates (x and y), which are output values of the RGB sensor, and an equation for calculating the color temperature of natural light was derived through the short-wavelength ratio. Furthermore, after producing an RGB-sensor-based device, the derived equation was applied to calculate the color temperature of real-time natural light that reflects the wavelength characteristics. Then, as a result of the performance evaluation of the proposed method, the color temperature of natural light was accurately calculated within 1% of the average error rate.

Special attention needs to be paid to particulate matters and ultraviolet rays since they may cause diseases such as respiratory ailment and skin troubles when the exposure level is excessive. To reduce damages by environmental elements in Korea, the Korean Meteorological Agency provides environmental information real-time. However currently environmental information services are based on the administrative districts, there is a limitation in providing information on particulate matters and ultraviolet rays in the neighborhood efficiently. Besides, particulate matters or UV dosimeters that were released recently are operated individually and thus it is difficult to measure various environmental elements simultaneously. This study proposes a neighborhood particulate matters and ultraviolet rays warning system that utilizes a P2P-based open IoT platform in order to provide users with information on harmful environmental elements efficiently. The proposed system establishes an open IoT platform that manages collectively IoT smart devices capable of measuring particulate matters and ultraviolet rays, the measured data, and RSS data provided by administrative institutes. In addition, this system provides alerts based on the level of particulate matters and ultraviolet rays in utilization of a smart-phone application that provides environmental information, contributing to maintaining users’ healthy life patterns.

Background The cost-effectiveness of both cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine by delaying nursing home placement has been supported by numerous studies. The importance of sustained pharmacological treatment in dementia has been relatively less recognized by public health policies compared to early diagnosis. We investigated the effect of the drug (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine) compliance on the health care costs in newly-diagnosed dementia. Methods National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database which covers the entire population of South Korea was used for analysis. Health care expenditure of patients newly-diagnosed with dementia in between 2012 and 2014 was investigated for 3 to 5 years. For drug compliance, we used Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) that indicates the percentage of time a patient has access to medication. Multivariate linear regression analysis including generalized estimated equation and gamma distribution was used for statistical analysis. Results We identified 252,594 patients who were both prescribed with cognitive enhancers and newly diagnosed with dementia. When initial MPR increased 20%, total health care costs decreased 8.4% (RR = 0.916, 95%; CI 0.914 to 0.916). Same relationship was shown with medical costs related to dementia, admission to a general hospital, and emergency room visits. When MPR increased 20% compared to the previous year, the total health care costs, admission to a general hospital, emergency room visits, and admission to a nursing hospital decreased. Conclusions This population-based retrospective cohort study provides evidence that patients newly-diagnosed with dementia who showed higher initial drug compliance or maintained antidementia drugs (Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine) would benefit in total health-care costs. Key messages Public health care policies should not only focus on early diagnosis in dementia, but also recognize the importance of adherence to cognitive enhancers. To maximize the positive pharmacoeconomic effect of early diagnosis of dementia, it is important to sustain adequate drug compliance to cognitive enhancers.

The ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted from sunlight greatly influence human health. Excessive exposure to UV rays can be harmful to eyes and skin, however, limited UVB exposure is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D. Nowadays, owing to insufficient exposure to natural light, there is increasing concerns about low vitamin D amongst individuals. To address this issue, many lighting devices that provide UVB doses have been released, however, such devices are only used for treatments or for special purposes. This study proposes a general indoor lighting system with a UVB LED light source to provide safe UVB doses to users who spend large amounts of time indoors. The optical characteristics of two UVB LEDs with output of 20 and 100 mW were analyzed based on their distances and applied currents. The light source combination of UVB LEDS that meets the UV hazard standard of IEC-62471 was derived, this is a photobiological safety evaluation standard of LED lighting devices. We then produced a lighting module in which the UVB LED light source was applied to general LED lighting and measured and analyzed the spectral irradiance of the proposed lighting according to the measurement standard for the general lighting of IEC 62471. The actinic UV hazard (AUV) and near-UV hazard (NUV) were calculated to be 0.001 and 10 W/m2, respectively. Thus, the provision of UVB dose did not pose any risks. In addition, the total EUV (Erythemal weighted UV) dose when the proposed lighting was implemented for 16 h was 187.66 J/m2, confirming that this dose did not cause erythema for the general skin types (Skin Types 1&ndash, 6). Further, the design plan of general indoor lighting with a UVB LED light source is presented.

The short-wavelength ratio of natural light that changes a day cycle helps maintain the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is a phenomenon in which the flow of physical activity is repeated every 24 hours and is synchronized mainly by natural light. However, since people's exposure time to artificial lighting has increased recently, the issue of circadian rhythm imbalance has been raised, and lighting techniques for reproducing the color temperature or wavelength characteristics of natural light have been proposed. There has not been any case for the short-wavelength ratio cycle reproduction of natural light close to the circadian rhythm; thus, a circadian rhythm-assisted LED light that reproduces the short-wavelength ratio of natural light for one day is presented in this paper, and its effect is confirmed through animal experiment. After the lighting control standard is derived through the analysis of natural light characteristics, its periodic short-wavelength ratio is realized through the control of each LED lighting channel. Subsequently, rat-based animal experiment is conducted to analyze the amount of melatonin, a major factor in circadian rhythm. The results confirm that the proposed lighting environment has higher melatonin levels by about 17% (day7) and 24% (day14) compared with the general lighting environment.

Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil is complicate and hard to apply traditional methods because of its persistency,durability, and high viscosity. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil remediation was testedby developing a pilot-scale thermal desorption system using the indirect heating method with an exhaust gas treatment.Under optimal condition drawed by temperature and retention time, the remedial efficiency of crude oil contaminated soiland treatability of exhaust gas were analyzed. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of crude oilcontaminated soil was decreased to 69.7 mg/kg on average and the remedial efficiency was measured at 99.60%. Throughthe exhaust gas, 86.0% of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) was degraded and 97.16% of complex malodor wasreduced under the suggested optimum operation condition. This study provides important basic data to be useful in scalingup of the indirect thermal desorption system for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil.Key words : Crude oil contamination, Indirect thermal desorption, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOC), Complex malodor

Bioremediation is one of the most effective ways to remediate TPH-contaminated sites. However, under actual field conditions that are not at the optimum temperature, degradation of microorganisms is generally reduced, which is why the efficiency of biodegradation is known to be significantly affected by the soil temperature. Therefore, in this study, the labscale experiment was conducted using indigenous crude oil degrading microorganisms isolated from crude oil contaminated site to evaluate the remediation efficiency. Crude oil degrading microorganisms were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil and temperature, which is a significant factor affecting the remediation efficiency of land farming, was adjusted to evaluate the microbial crude oil degrading ability, degradation time, and remediation efficiency. In order to assess the field applicability, the remediation efficiency was evaluated using crude oil contaminated soil (average TPH concentration of 10,000 mg/kg or more) from the OO premises. Followed by the application of microorganisms at 30 o C, the bioremediation process reduced its initial TPH concentration of 10,812 mg/kg down to 1,890 mg/kg in 56 days, which was about an 83% remediation efficiency. By analyzing the correlation among the total number of cells, the number of effective cells, and TPH concentration, it was found that the number of effective microorganisms drastically increased during the period from 10 to 20 days while there was a sharp decrease in TPH concentration. Therefore, we confirmed the applicability of land farming with isolated microorganisms consortium to crude oil contaminated site, which is also expected to be applicable to bioremediation of other recalcitrant materials.

Delirium can be defined as an ‘acute brain dysfunction.’ Compared to dementia, which is a disease that deteriorates the brain function chronically, delirium shows very similar symptoms but is mostly ameliorated when the causative factors are normalized. Due to the heterogeneity in etiologies and symptoms, people including health care workers often mistake delirium for dementia or other psychiatric disorders. Delirium has attracted global interest increasingly and a vast amount of research on its management has been conducted. Experts in the field have constantly suggested that systematic intervention should be implemented through a team-based multicomponent approach aimed to reduce the incidence and duration of delirium. Surgery involves many health care workers with different expertise who are not familiar with delirium. For a team-based approach on the management of delirium, it is vital that all medical personnel concerned have a common understanding of delirium and keep in constant communication. Postoperative delirium is a common complication and exerts an enormous burden on patients, their families, hospitals, and public resources. To alleviate this burden, this article aimed to review general features and the latest evidence-based knowledge of delirium with a focus on postoperative delirium.

UV (Ultraviolet) is known to negatively affect human body. Especially UV A promotes skin aging, and UVB enhances skin cancer prevalence. UVB, however, offers a useful function to support vitamin D production within human body. Therefore it is needed for people to be exposed to UV through proper outdoor activities and to acquire UV environmental information surrounding them. In this regard, this study devises a band-type device to measure UV irradiance in everyday life. The proposed device consists of a band to wear the device on user's wrist, arduino-based micro controller, and a UV sensor measuring UV irradiance. The proposed band-type device is expected to induce appropriate outdoor activities in the UV environment that does not harm human body by offering precise information on UV index and UVB irradiance surrounding users.

Objective To explore the role of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with ypT0-2N0 rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemoradiation therapy (PCRT) and radical resection. Patients and Methods A national consortium of 10 institutions was formed, and patients with ypT0-2N0 mid- and low-rectal cancer after PCRT and radical resection from 2004 to 2009 were included. Patients were categorized into 2 groups according to receipt of additional adjuvant chemotherapy: Adj CTx (+) versus Adj CTx (−). Propensity scores were calculated and used to perform matched and adjusted analyses comparing relapse-free survival (RFS) between treatment groups while controlling for potential confounding. Results A total of 1016 patients, who met the selection criteria, were evaluated. Of these, 106 (10.4%) did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no overall improvement in 5-year RFS as a result of adjuvant chemotherapy [91.6% for Adj CTx (+) vs 87.5% for Adj CTx (−), P =.18]. There were no differences in 5-year local recurrence and distant metastasis rate between the 2 groups. In patients who show moderate, minimal, or no regression in tumor regression grade, however, possible association of adjuvant chemotherapy with RFS would be considered (hazard ratio 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.88; P =.03). Cox regression analysis after propensity score matching failed to show that addition of adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved RFS (hazard ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.39-1.70; P =.58). Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to not influence the RFS of patients with ypT0-2N0 rectal cancer after PCRT followed by radical resection. Thus, the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy needs to be weighed against its oncologic benefits.

Recently, the large scaled lead-acid battery is widely introduced to efficient operation of the photovoltaic system in many islands. but the demand of lithium-ion battery is getting increased by the operation of wind power and replacement of the lead-acid battery. And also, under the renewable portfolio standard(RPS) and energy efficiency resource standard(EERS) policy of Korea government, the introduction of energy storage system(ESS) has been actively increased. Therefore, this paper presents the operation algorithm of hybrid battery management system(BMS) using the lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, in order to maximize advantage of each battery. In other words, this paper proposed the algorithm of state of charge(SOC) and hybrid operation algorithm to calculate the optimal composition rate considering the fixed cost and operation cost of each battery. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithms are an effective tool to evaluate SOC and to optimally operate hybrid ESS.

The location of PV systems in distribution system has been increased as one of countermeasure for global environmental issues. As the operation efficiency of PV systems is getting decreased year by year due to the aging phenomenon and maintenance problems, the optimal algorithm for state diagnosis in PV systems is required in order to improve operation performance in PV systems. The existing output prediction algorithms considering various parameters and conditions of PV modules could have complicated calculation process and then their results may have a possibility of significant prediction error. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an optimal prediction algorithm of PV system by using least square methods of linear regression analysis. And also, this paper presents a performance evaluation algorithm in PV modules based on the proposed optimal prediction algorithm of PV system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is a practical tool of the state diagnosis for performance improvement in PV systems.

p-Snake is an energy minimizing algorithm that applies an additional prototype energy to the existing ActiveContour Model and is used to extract the contour line in the area where the edge information is unclear. In this papersuggested the creation of a prototype energy field that applies a variable prototype expressed as a combination ofcircle and straight line primitives, and a fudge function, to improve p-Snake’s contour extraction performance. The prototype was defined based on the parts codes entered and the appropriate initial contour was extracted in each primitive zones acquired from the pre-processing process. Then, the primitives variably adjusted to create the prototype and the contour probability based on the distance to the prototype was calculated through the fuzzy functionto create the prototype energy field. This was applied to p-Snake to extract the contour from 100 images acquiredfrom various small parts and compared its similarity with the prototype to find that p-Snake made with the adaptive prototype was about 4.6% more precise than the existing Snake method.

In this study, butylolactone-modified lignin (BLL) and tetrahydrofuran-modified lignin (THFL) were used for alkyl chain modification of lignin in order to mimic the relation of lignin-carbohydrate-complex (LCC) and cellulose. The result of FT-IR and 1H-NMR analysis indicate that lignin was well modified. It is confirmed that Aromatic OH of lignin (ArOH, 9.86 ppm) and Aliphatic OH of lignin (AlOH, 3.88 ppm) were decreased. Tensile properties of THFL/polypropylene (PP) blend are increased better than lignin/PP or acetylated lignin/PP. BLL/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blend shows typical “rule of mixture” behavior because property of alkyl chain (P4HB) well reflected that used for modification of BLL. The results of thermal and mechanical analyses of modified lignin/matrix blends demonstrate that the characteristics of the alkyl chains used to modify lignin were well reflected in the final blends compared with lignin/matrix. In the case of THFL/ PP blend shows phase separation because of miscibility gap between alkyl chain of THFL and PP. The result of XRD analysis indicate that BLL/PET shows increased crystallinity because of good compatibility and THFL/PP shows opposite behavior. It can be confirmed that type of alky chain and miscibility gap between alkyl chain-matrix affect mechanical properties enormously in the fungi degradable environment.