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Multi-agent scheduling algorithm is a useful method for the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP). Also, the variability of the target system has to be considered in the scheduling problem that includes the machine failure, the setup change, etc. This study proposes the scheduling method that combines the independent learners with the implicit quantile network by modeling of the FJSP with high variability to the form of the multi-agent. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance compared to the several known heuristic dispatching rules. In addition, the trained model exhibits superior performance compared to the reinforcement learning algorithms such as proximal policy optimization and deep Q-network.

Seung-Heon Oh, MD, Chang-Woo Han, MD, Jeong-Seok Seo, MD, PhD, Keun-Ho Joe, MD, PhD, Hae-Kook Lee, MD, PhD, Hong-Gyun Yoon, MD, Sam-Wook Choi, MD, Hyun-Soo Kim, MD, Bo-Hye Lee, MPH, and Kye-Seong Lee, MD Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National Hospital, Seoul, Korea Keyo Medical Foundation Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Korea 3 Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea Dasarang Central Hospital, Uiwang, Korea 5 Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea Yoon Psychiatric Clinic, Seoul, Korea 7 Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Eulji Hospital, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea Department of Health Science, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea

The occurrence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) and its relationship with gastric mucosa were studied by light and electron microscopy and culture of biopsy specimens from gastric mucosa of 160 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. H. pylori were present in 96.6% of patients with active chronic gastritis, 100% of patients with duodenal ulcer and 76.9% of patients with gastric ulcer, while present in only 6.3% of individuals with histologically normal gastric mucosa. The bacteria colonized the antral mucosa more frequently than the body or than the duodenal cap mucosa. The bacteria were rarely seen in the intestinalized epithelium per se, but there was no significant difference in prevalence of H. pylori between gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and gastritis without intestinal metaplasia. H. pylori could be seen in close association with the surface of gastric epithelial cells below the mucus layer without evidence of intracellular parasitism, All of the strains tested were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, and most of them susceptible to tinidazole and bismuth salts. It is concluded that H. pylori are highly associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases and its prevalence rates in patients with those diseases is higher than in developed countries. This strong association of H. pylori infection with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases suggest a possible etiologic role for the bacterium in those diseases.

A 28-year-old man developed asthma 10 years after working in a metal-plating factory. Recordings of peak expiratory flow rates showed increased variations after exposure at work. Allergy prick skin tests elicited an immediate reaction with nickel sulfate at a concentration of 1 and 10 mg/ml, and with zinc sulfate at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Inhalation challenges with nickel sulfate and zinc sulfate produced bronchial obstructions. Thus, we concluded that this was a case of asthma caused by nickel sulfate and zinc sulfate.