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Introduction: The development of table tennis and its rule changes increased the importance of physical training with the decline of ball speed and rotation, highlighting the importance of strong quality in the game. Objective: To study the effect of the muscular warm-up phase on improving physical conditioning in table tennis players. Methods: We randomly selected 20 high school table tennis players aged between 14 and 16 years as experimental objects through the analysis of pre-test data, combined with the characteristics of the group, where a physical training plan was generated. Results: After 12 weeks of training, the measured values were analyzed and compared, and it was found that this program can effectively improve the functional movement level of male table tennis players in high school students; the total test score was significantly improved (P

Amygdala circuitry encodes associations between conditioned stimuli and aversive unconditioned stimuli, and also controls fear expression (Pape and Pare, 2010). However, whether and how irrelevant information for unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-) is discretely processed, and how it was influenced by stress remain unknown. CS- memory is retrievable immediately after fear conditioning, but then becomes silent after memory consolidation in mice. Synaptic pathway from the lateral to the anterior basal amygdala gates the expression of CS- memory, depending upon Npas4-mediated Drd4 synthesis. The upregulation of Npas4-Drd4 axis, which is precluded by corticosterone, shifts functional states of neural engrams for CS- memory toward silent states and limits its retrievability. In here, we demonstrate the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the functional states of neural engrams, which can be switched or maintained, supporting discriminative memory.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV). Within 8 months of the outbreak, more than 10,000,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide. Since human-to-human transmission occurs easily and the rate of human infection is rapidly increasing, sensitive and early diagnosis is essential to prevent a global outbreak. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced various primer–probe sets for SARS-CoV-2 developed at different institutions: China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC, China), Charité (Germany), The University of Hong Kong (HKU, Hong Kong), National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan (Japan NIID, Japan), National Institute of Health in Thailand (Thailand NIH, Thailand), and US CDC (USA). In this study, we compared the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA among seven primer–probe sets for the N gene and three primer–probe sets for the Orf1 gene. The results revealed that “NIID_2019-nCOV_N” from the Japan NIID and “ORF1ab” from China CDC represent a recommendable performance of RT-qPCR analysis for SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics without nonspecific amplification and cross-reactivity for hCoV-229E, hCoV-OC43, and MERS-CoV RNA. Therefore, the appropriate combination of NIID_2019-nCOV_N (Japan NIID) and ORF1ab (China CDC) sets should be selected for sensitive and reliable SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics.

Epidemics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) now have more than 100,000 confirmed cases worldwide. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is currently performed by RT-qPCR methods, but the capacity of RT-qPCR methods is limited by its requirement of high-level facilities and instruments. Here, we developed and evaluated RT-LAMP assays to detect genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19. RT-LAMP assays in this study can detect as low as 100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Cross-reactivity of RT-LAMP assays to other human Coronaviruses was not observed. We also adapted a colorimetric detection method for our RT-LAMP assay so that the tests potentially performed in higher throughput.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is newly emerging human infectious diseases, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV). Within two months of the outbreak, more than 80,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed worldwide. Since the human to human transmission occurred easily and the human infection is rapidly increasing, the sensitive and early diagnosis is essential to prevent the global outbreak. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) announced various primer and probe sets for SARS-CoV-2 previously developed in China, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand, and USA. In this study, we compared the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA among the seven primer-probe sets for N gene and the three primer-probe sets for Orf1 gene. The result of the comparative analysis represented that the ‘2019-nCoV_N2, N3’ of USA and the ‘ORF1ab’ of China are the most sensitive primer-probe sets for N and Orf1 genes, respectively. Therefore, the appropriate combination from ORF1ab (China), 2019-nCoV_N2, N3 (USA), and NIID_2019-nCOV_N (Japan) sets should be selected for the sensitive and reliable laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2.

This paper describes 1.2-V 5-Gb/s scalable low voltage signaling(SLVS) differential transmitter(TX) with a digital impedance calibration and equalizer. The proposed transmitter consists of a phase-locked loop(PLL) with 4-phase output clock, a 4-to-1 serializer, a regulator, an output driver, and an equalizer driver for improvement of the signal integrity. A pseudo random bit sequence generator is implemented for a built-in self-test. The proposed SLVS transmitter provides the output differential swing level from 80mV to 500mV. The proposed SLVS transmitter is implemented by using a 65-nm CMOS with a 1.2-V supply. The measured peak-to-peak time jitter of the implemented SLVS TX is about 46.67 ps at the data rate of 5Gb/s. Its power consumption is 1.88 mW/Gb/s.

We designed a systematic processing strategy for solution-processed indium zinc oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) with chemically wet-etched Mo electrodes and chemically durable channels prepared by a sol–gel method. First, we explored the effect of H2O2 wet-etchant pH to define efficiently wet-etched Mo source/drain electrodes without Mo residues and with minimal chemical damage to the indium zinc oxide (IZO) channel. Next, sufficient condensation reaction times and a two-step engineering process were performed on the solution-processed IZO thin films to improve their inferior chemical durability (from incomplete metal oxygen bonds and low film density). The solution-processed IZO channels with wet chemical patterning and superior chemical durability preserved the original electrical transfer properties with minimal electrical degradation in the back channel etch (BCE) processes. Finally, additional N2 post-annealing partially recovered the field-effect mobility (2.5 cm2 V−1 s−1), and on-current without oxidation of the Mo electrode, comparable to the lift-off processed TFTs. This approach provides a significant potential for using wet-based BCE processes in sol–gel prepared oxide TFTs.

In order to provide a high-quality voltage, grid fault must be detected quickly. Generally, symmetric coordinate method is used to detect a grid fault by the presence of current unbalance. However, in the case of a 3-phase transformer, zero sequence component is different depending on the structure or wiring method of 3 phase transformer. In this paper, the change of zero sequence component according to the type of transformer is analyzed and a method of zero sequence component detection in micro grid system is proposed. The proposed method is verified through PSIM (Powersim)simulation.

Bidding and contract systems are used for public construction projects to select contractors following fair competition principles and to execute national budgets effectively. Many challenges have arisen due to a lack of transparency and fairness and because bidding practices have been luck-based. Few comprehensive or comparative analyses have been conducted on the performance and limitations of bidding and contract systems, and empirical analyses designed to improve policies on and the practice of such systems are lacking. This study empirically analyzed current bidding and contract systems to seek ways of improving them. The study proposes several alternatives to resolve the problems with and irrationalities of the current system: 1) improving bidding and selection systems by changing them from a luck-based price competition into a technical merit- and value-based competition; 2) improving the assessment criteria to meet the current market level of bid and winning prices; 3) adjusting contractual responsibilities and sharing structures to meet the current trend; and 4) strengthening the competitiveness and expanding the social responsibility-based procurement systems of construction companies.

Late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are mostly "sporadic" age-related neurodegenerative disorders, but with a clear genetic component. However, their genetic architecture is complex and heterogeneous, largely remaining a conundrum, with only a handful of well-established genetic risk factors consistently associated with these diseases. It is possible that numerous, yet undiscovered, AD and PD related genes might exist. We focused on the 'gene' as a mediator to find new potential genes that might have a relationship with both disorders using bio-literature mining techniques. Based on Entrez Gene, we extracted the genes and directional gene-gene relation in the entire MEDLINE records and then constructed a directional gene-gene network. We identified common genes associated with two different but related diseases by performing shortest path analysis on the network. With our approach, we were able to identify and map already known genes that have a direct relationship with PD and AD. In addition, we identified 7 genes previously unknown to be a bridge between these two disorders. We confirmed 4 genes, ROS1, FMN1, ATP8A2, and SNORD12C, by biomedical literature and further checked 3 genes, ERVK-10, PRS, and C7orf49, that might have a high possibility to be related with both diseases. Additional experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Comparing to the co-occurrence approach, our approach detected 25% more candidate genes and verified 10% more genes that have the relationship between both diseases than the co-occurrence approach did.

This paper proposes a new parallelization method to generate Hough space images for real-time lane detection, using the new NVIDIA Jetson TK1 board. The computation cost in Standard Hough Transform is relatively high due to its higher amount of unnecessary operations. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce an enhanced Hough image generation method to reduce computation time for real-time lane detection purposes, and reduce all the unnecessary operations exist in the Standard method. We implemented our proposed method in both CPU and GPU based platforms and compared the processing speeds with the Standard method. The experiment results induce that the proposed method runs 10 times faster than the existing method in CPU platform, whereas 60 times faster in the GPU platform.

For its fourth organization, the Genia event extraction (GE) shared task is refactored toward a general platform for shared information extraction (IE) tasks, and for an IEdriven knowledge base (KB) system. On the newly implemented shared task platform, the GE task is run as an experimental task. The task and the platform has been tested by two teams who cooperated with the organizers. The paper presents the new shared task system and discusses on the experimental submissions.

One of the most promising applications of yet to come vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is commercial advertising. However, in order to realize commercial advertising over VANET, proper incentives and security mechanisms must be taken into consideration due to the existence of selfish and/or malicious users in the real-world scenario. In this paper, we propose a secure incentive scheme for VANET advertising systems based on one-way hash chains. We also analyze the advertisement propagation behavior in our VANET advertising system using a mathematical model.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the change of study variables (knowledge, efficacy, and fatigue) related to using orthosis and fear of falling in fracture patients wearing the leg orthosis after fall prevention education in terms of educational method and frequency. Methods: Participants were 87 fracture patients wearing the leg orthosis. Experimental I group (n

The paper presents the characteristics of capacity control of variable speed water cooler with the electronic expansion valve open/close degree. It is a preliminary study on the optimum control of the water cooler system using a variable speed compressor controlled by inverter. The electronic expansion valve controlled by the variation of compressor speed maintains the constant degree of superheat at the evaporator outlet, which aims to find the degree of superheat obtaining the optimum refrigeration effect. The investigation indicates that there is a point achieving the maximum cooling capacity by the variation of the electronic expansion valve open/close

In this paper, we realized a system that converts the Korean alphabet (Hangul) images, which are in any domain that is formed by the finger movement on the Hangul document, to the editable characters and then outputs them to the word editor. The domain of hand is separated from the sphere of document in the pre-process step of image. The centroid point of hand is drawn by the maximum circular movement method. After the system recognizes the hand with the circular pattern vector algorithm, finds out the position of finger by the distance spectrum and then draws out the sphere of selected character image by the finger movement to divide the characters into character units by applying the histogram between the Hangul characters. We standardized the characters of various sizes. We used the circular pattern vector algorithm that grafts on the fuzzy inference to divert the character images of the domain, which user wants, to the editable characters by comparing the characteristic vectors between the standard pattern character and the inputted character and by recognizing the character.

In this report, we described a very rare type of patient with micropapillary thyroid carcinoma with macronodular lung metastasis that had prolonged growth arrest for more than 8 years without any treatment. Unlike previous reports with stable metastasis, the patient presented here was older than prior cases and had a smaller size of the primary carcinoma.

Background During a golf swing, analysis of the movement in upper torso and pelvis is a key step to determine a motion control strategy for accurate and consistent shots. However, a majority of previous studies that have evaluated this movement limited their analysis only to the rotational movement of segments, and translational motions were not examined. Therefore, in this study, correlations between translational motions in the 3 axes, which occur between the upper torso and pelvis, were also examined. Methods The experiments were carried out with 14 male pro-golfers (age: 29 ± 8 years, career: 8.2 ± 4.8years) who registered in the Korea Professional Golf Association (KPGA). Six infrared cameras (VICON; Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) and SB-Clinc software (SWINGBANK Ltd, Korea) were used to collect optical marker trajectories. The center of mass (CoM) of each segment was calculated based on kinematic principal. In addition, peak value of CoM velocity and the time that each peak occurred in each segment during downswing was calculated. Also, using cross-correlation analysis, the degree of coupling and time lags of peak values occurred between and within segments (pelvis and upper torso) were investigated. Results As a result, a high coupling strength between upper torso and pelvis with an average correlation coefficient = 0.86 was observed, and the coupling between segments was higher than that within segments (correlation coefficient = 0.81 and 0.77, respectively). Conclusions Such a high coupling at the upper torso and pelvis can be used to reduce the degree of motion control in the central nervous system and maintain consistent patterns in the movement. The result of this study provides important information for the development of optimal golf swing movement control strategies in the future.

Todaypsilas high-resolution imaging satellites have complicated missions with an agility capability. For this reason, interesting and studying of the optimization problem of satellite mission scheduling have been increased since 1980s. This paper describes the results of mission scheduling using a genetic algorithm. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the genetic algorithm to the satellite mission scheduling is demonstrated. The computational time and quality of the solutions are usually considered in mission scheduling problem. Two methods, tournament and roulette wheel, of selection operator are applied in this work. The effects of the number of iterations and limitation of memory on the performance are also investigated through the case study. Consequently, the optimization algorithm-based scheduler using a genetic algorithm implemented in this work is expected to reduce the load of mission scheduling task and improve the efficiency in generating the conflict-free mission timeline.

CT remains the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing cystic and solid masses in the mesentery. CT may provide important information regarding the lesion's location, size and shape, the presence and thickness of a wall, the presence of septa, calcifications or fat, and the involvement of adjacent structures. Although percutaneous imaging-guided or surgical biopsy is often necessary to guide medical management, analysis of the CT features along with the clinical history may be helpful in differentiating mesenteric masses, including cystic lesions and primary neoplasms arising from the mesenchymal tissues or the secondary metastatic lesions. CT is useful not only for detecting cystic and solid mesenteric masses, but also for helping physicians become familiar with the features of various mesenteric masses for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

A patient of cerebral sparganosis is reported : The patient, a 47-year-old female complained of frequent seizures and headache. The disease was involved on right frontal lobe, and the lesion was successfully removed by BRW stereotaxic system. The characteristic features of sparganosis are reviewed.

The incidence of multiple meningiomas found prior to the introduction of CT was 1~2%, the incidence since the introduction of CT was 8.9%. The authous report a case of multiple meningiomas without evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. The possible presence of more than 1 tumor in a patient with an intracranial meningiomas must always be kept in mind. The pathogenetic factors related to true multiple meningiomas is unknown. We report a patient with multiple meningiomas which was confirmed by operation.