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3. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Chowdhury, Rinku Roy, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, and zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J.

Published
2022

13. From functional diversity to human well-being: A conceptual framework for agroecosystem sustainability

Author

de la Riva, Enrique G., primary, Ulrich, Werner, additional, Batáry, Péter, additional, Baudry, Julia, additional, Beaumelle, Léa, additional, Bucher, Roman, additional, Čerevková, Andrea, additional, Felipe-Lucia, María R., additional, Gallé, Róbert, additional, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, additional, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, additional, Rusch, Adrien, additional, Seufert, Verena, additional, Stanley, Dara, additional, and Birkhofer, Klaus, additional

Published
2023
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15. Contributors

Author

Abson, David J., primary, Aguilera, Eduardo, additional, Bathily, Bagoré, additional, Baveye, Philippe, additional, Béfort, Nicolas, additional, Benton, Tim G., additional, Bertrand, Isabelle, additional, Billen, Gilles, additional, Bloor, Juliette, additional, Bowles, Timothy M., additional, Bretagnolle, Vincent, additional, Bruce, Toby J.A., additional, Brunori, Gianluca, additional, Cangussú, Mauroni Alves, additional, Carvalho, Paulo César de F., additional, Chabbi, Abad, additional, Chará, Julian, additional, Colazo, Juan Cruz, additional, Corniaux, Christian, additional, Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa, additional, D'Amico, Simona, additional, Deen, William, additional, Deiss, Leonardo, additional, Delaby, Luc, additional, Dupraz, Christian, additional, Duru, Michel, additional, Estrada, Martha Xochitl Flores, additional, Franzluebbers, Alan J., additional, Gabriel, Doreen, additional, Garnier, Josette, additional, Gastal, Francois, additional, Gaudin, Amélie C.M., additional, Giroud, Bernard, additional, Gowdy, John, additional, Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik, additional, Henckel, Laura, additional, Hendrickson, John, additional, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, additional, Huyghe, Christian, additional, Jensen, Erik Steen, additional, Justes, Eric, additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Klumpp, Katia, additional, Korevaar, Hein, additional, Kronberg, Scott L., additional, Labarthe, Pierre, additional, Lang, Claudete Reisdorfer, additional, Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, additional, Lassaletta, Luis, additional, Lawson, Gerry, additional, Lecomte, Philippe, additional, Lemaire, Gilles, additional, Le Noë, Julia, additional, Leterme, Philippe, additional, Litrico, Isabelle, additional, Magrini, Marie-Benoit, additional, Matlock, Marty D., additional, Mauricio, Rogerio Martins, additional, McMillan, Vanessa E., additional, Mehrabi, Zia, additional, Miguet, Paul, additional, Moraes, Anibal de, additional, Murgueitio, Enrique, additional, Nesme, Thomas, additional, Neve, Paul, additional, Nieddu, Martino, additional, Paciullo, Domingos Sávio Campos, additional, Pariz, Cristiano Magalhães, additional, Pellerin, Sylvain, additional, Peoples, Mark B., additional, Pontes, L.D.A.S., additional, Recous, Sylvie, additional, Regan, John, additional, Renwick, Leah L.R., additional, Ribeiro, Rafael Sandin, additional, Ridier, Aude, additional, Rossi, Adanella, additional, Rumpel, Cornelia, additional, Ryschawy, Julie, additional, Sanz-Cobeña, Alberto, additional, Schellberg, J., additional, Seufert, Verena, additional, Siriwardena, Gavin, additional, Storkey, Jonathan, additional, Sulc, R. Mark, additional, Theau, J.P., additional, Therond, O., additional, Tisdell, Clement A., additional, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., additional, Vertès, Françoise, additional, Watson, Christine A., additional, Watté, Jeroen, additional, Williams, Michael, additional, and Wilson, Clevo, additional

Published
2019
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17. Collaborating with care in virtual sessions

Author

Bernstein, Michael, Pitt, Hannah, Haider, Jamila, Friis, Cecilie, Chapman, Mollie, Zähringer, Julie, Hoffmann, Harry, Haenke, Hendrik, Seufert, Verena, Graham, Sonia, Nicol, Poppy, Schill, Caroline, Shu, Kesheng, Reviriego, Isabel, Dressler, Gunnar, Valencia, Vivian, Hernandez-Morcillo, Monica, Kernecker, Maria, Felipe-Lucia, Maria, and Piñeiro, Concepción

Abstract

Working paper A group of 20 international colleagues reflect on how to invite care into productive, creative spaces without being physically together.

Published
2022
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18. From functional diversity to human well-being: A conceptual framework for agroecosystem sustainability

Author

García de la Riva, Enrique, Ulrich, Werner, Batáry, Péter, Baudry, Julia, Beaumelle, Léa, Bucher, Roman, Čerevková, Andrea, Felipe-Lucia, María R., Gallé, Róbert, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, Rusch, Adrien, Seufert, Verena, Stanley, Dara, Birkhofer, Klaus, Ecologia, and Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales

Subjects
Food production, Ecosystem service, Human health, Ecosystem function, Animal Science and Zoology, Agroecosystem health, Biodiversity, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecología. Medio ambiente
Abstract

[EN] CONTEXT: Agricultural intensification contributes to global food security and well-being by supplying the food demand of a growing human population. However, ongoing land-use change and intensification seriously affect the abundance, diversity and distribution of species, besides many other impacts, thereby threatening the functioning of ecosystems worldwide. Despite the accumulating evidence that the current agricultural model is unsustainable, we are far from understanding the consequences of functional diversity loss for functioning and ecosystem service supply and the potential long-term threats to food security and human well-being. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we propose a conceptual framework to understand the relationships between functional diversity and human well-being that also considers agroecosystem health. To this end, we identify the most commonly assumed relationships linking functional diversity to regulating and provisioning agroecosystem services and their importance for human well-being, emphasising the most serious knowledge gaps in the in-dividual pathways of the conceptual framework. METHODS: A consortium formed by an international panel of experts from different disciplines including functional diversity, ecosystem services and human health compiled 275 articles. Members of the consortium proposed literature to exemplify each specific aspect of the conceptual framework in the text, in accordance with his/her field of expertise. The guideline for all experts was to focus mostly in current literature (38% of the references are from the last 5 years and 66% from the last decade), with special interest in reviews and synthesis articles (42% of the references), as well as meta-analyses and global studies (10% of the references). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The factors that influence agroecosystem health are extremely complex, involving both services and disservices related to land-use management and environmental conditions. The global human population needs sustainable and resilient agroecosystems and a concerted effort is needed to fundamentally redesign agricultural practices to feed the growing human population without further jeopardising the quality of life for future generations. We highlight the potential effects of land-use change and ecological intensification on the functional diversity of plant and animal communities, and the resulting consequences for ecosystem services and ultimately human health. SIGNIFICANCE: The resulting conceptual model is developed for researchers as well as policy makers high- lighting the need for a holistic approach to understand diversity impacts on human well-being. Finally, we document a major knowledge gap due to the lack of any studies focusing on the full pathway from diversity to human well-being. SI

Published
2023
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19. Is agroforestry an effective way to diversify cropping systems to improve biodiversity and ecosystem services?

Author

Beillouin, Damien, Ben-Ari, Tamara, Malézieux, Eric, Seufert, Verena, Makowski, David, Beillouin, Damien, Ben-Ari, Tamara, Malézieux, Eric, Seufert, Verena, and Makowski, David

Abstract

Increasing the diversity of species in agricultural systems is expected to benefit biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services. A fast-growing literature on this subject has produced numerous qualitative and quantitative syntheses largely varying in their scope, quality, type of crop diversification considered, and indicators of ecosystem services investigated. It resulted in a fragmented evidence difficult to synthetize and analyze for most decision makers. Here, we quantified simultaneously the biodiversity, supporting, regulating and provisioning ecosystem services of five main type of crop diversification, i.e., agroforestry, associated plants, intercropping, crop rotation and cultivar mixture. In this aim, we collected and integrated the results of 5156 experiments from 95 meta-analyses, covering more than 120 crops and 85 countries. Our results show that, all crop diversification strategies considered together, significant improvement of crop yields, associated biodiversity, and several ecosystem services including water quality, pest and disease control, and soil quality are obtained compare to less diversified systems. Yet, there was substantial variability in the results for each individual ecosystem service between the different diversification strategies. Agroforestry strikes out as a particularly promising strategy compared to the 4 others; that is able to substantially increase all the ecosystem services considered in our analysis, that is, associated biodiversity (+61%, [26%, 105%]), production (+35%, [12%, 62%]), water regulation (+45%, [13%, 87%]), water quality, pest and diseases control (+59%, [38%, 82%]), and soil quality (+19%, [16%, 23%]). We detailed these performances according to the type of agroforestry systems (e.g. parkland, alley cropping, hedgerows); and identified knowledges gaps. Further investigation is of interest to study the performance of systems where several diversification strategies are combined, and the economic performance o

Published
2022

20. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, and zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J.

Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.

Published
2022

22. Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture

Author

Seufert, Verena, Ramankutty, Navin, and Foley, Jonathan A.

Subjects
Sustainable agriculture -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Organic farming -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts (1,2). Organic farming--a system aimed at producing food with minimal harm to ecosystems, animals or humans--is often proposed as a solution (3,4). However, critics argue that organic agriculture may have lower yields and would therefore need more land to produce the same amount of food as conventional farms, resulting in more widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss, and thus undermining the environmental benefits of organic practices (5). Here we use a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine the relative yield performance of organic and conventional farming systems globally. Our analysis of available data shows that, overall, organic yields are typically lower than conventional yields. But these yield differences are highly contextual, depending on system and site characteristics, and range from 5% lower organic yields (rain-fed legumes and perennials on weak-acidic to weak-alkaline soils), 13% lower yields (when best organic practices are used), to 34% lower yields (when the conventional and organic systems are most comparable). Under certain conditions--that is, with good management practices, particular crop types and growing conditions--organic systems can thus nearly match conventional yields, whereas under others it at present cannot. To establish organic agriculture as an important tool in sustainable food production, the factors limiting organic yields need to be more fully understood, alongside assessments of the many social, environmental and economic benefits of organic farming systems., Although yields are only part of a range of ecological, social and economic benefits delivered by farming systems, it is widely accepted that high yields are central to sustainable food [...]

Published
2012
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23. Nitrogen Availability Is Likely To Challenge Organic Farming Production At The Global Scale

Author

Barbieri, Pietro, Pellerin, Sylvain, Smith, Laurence, Seufert, Verena, Ramankutty, Navin, and Nesme, Thomas

Subjects
Animal husbandry, Farming Systems
Abstract

Organic agriculture is often proposed as a promising approach to achieve sustainable food systems but Its capacity to meet the global food demand remains debatable. Some studies have investigated this question, but they have missed a critical ecological phenomenon by not considering the role that nitrogen (N) cycling plays in sustaining food production in organic systems. Using a global spatial N cycling model, we show that a 100% conversion to organic agriculture would lead to a large gap in global food production compared to the current – i.e. non-organic situation. Organic food availability would thus not be sufficient to match global food demand. We also show that lower conversion shares would be feasible in coexistence with conventional farming when coupled with demand-side solutions, such as reduction of the per-capita energy intake or food wastage. These results are critical to explore the option space of the global food system in a sound and systemic manner.

Published
2021

28. A meta-analysis of crop response patterns to nitrogen limitation for improved model representation

Author

Seufert, Verena, Granath, Gustaf, Müller, Christoph, and Environmental Geography

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Pigments, Leaves, Atmospheric Science, Chloroplasts, Plant Science, Biochemistry, Starches, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Photosynthesis, Materials, Plant Biochemistry, Organic Compounds, Plant Anatomy, Statistics, food and beverages, Agriculture, Metaanalysis, Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Rhizosphere, Medicine, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Cellular Types, Research Article, Crops, Agricultural, Nitrogen, Plant Cell Biology, Science, Materials Science, Carbohydrates, Plant Development, Crops, Research and Analysis Methods, Models, Biological, Greenhouse Gases, Plant Cells, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase, Environmental Chemistry, Statistical Methods, Organic Pigments, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organic Chemistry, fungi, Chemical Compounds, Botany, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Botanik, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon, Plant Leaves, Atmospheric Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Mathematics, Crop Science
Abstract

The representation of carbon-nitrogen (N) interactions in global models of the natural or managed land surface remains an important knowledge gap. To improve global process-based models we require a better understanding of how N limitation affects photosynthesis and plant growth. Here we present the findings of a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the impact of N limitation on source (photosynthate production) versus sink (photosynthate use) activity, based on 77 highly controlled experimental N availability studies on 11 crop species. Using meta-regressions, we find that it can be insufficient to represent N limitation in models merely as inhibiting carbon assimilation, because in crops complete N limitation more strongly influences leaf area expansion (-50%) than photosynthesis (-34%), while leaf starch is accumulating (+83%). Our analysis thus offers support for the hypothesis of sink limitation of photosynthesis and encourages the exploration of more sink-driven crop modelling approaches. We also show that leaf N concentration changes with N availability and that the allocation of N to Rubisco is reduced more strongly compared to other photosynthetic proteins at low N availability. Furthermore, our results suggest that different crop species show generally similar response patterns to N limitation, with the exception of leguminous crops, which respond differently. Our meta-analysis offers lessons for the improved depiction of N limitation in global terrestrial ecosystem models, as well as highlights knowledge gaps that need to be filled by future experimental studies on crop N limitation response. PMC6797162[pmcid]; PONE-D-19-13317[PII]

Published
2019
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31. New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge

Author

Reitzel, Kasper, primary, Bennett, William W., additional, Berger, Nils, additional, Brownlie, Will J., additional, Bruun, Sander, additional, Christensen, Morten L., additional, Cordell, Dana, additional, van Dijk, Kimo, additional, Egemose, Sara, additional, Eigner, Herbert, additional, Glud, Ronnie N., additional, Grönfors, Outi, additional, Hermann, Ludwig, additional, Houot, Sabine, additional, Hupfer, Michael, additional, Jacobs, Brent, additional, Korving, Leon, additional, Kjærgaard, Charlotte, additional, Liimatainen, Henrikki, additional, Van Loosdrecht, Mark C.M., additional, Macintosh, Katrina A., additional, Magid, Jakob, additional, Maia, Frederico, additional, Martin-Ortega, Julia, additional, McGrath, John, additional, Meulepas, Roel, additional, Murry, Michael, additional, Neset, Tina-Simone, additional, Neumann, Günter, additional, Nielsen, Ulla G., additional, Nielsen, Per H., additional, O’Flaherty, Vincent, additional, Qu, Haiyan, additional, Santner, Jakob, additional, Seufert, Verena, additional, Spears, Bryan, additional, Stringer, Lindsay C., additional, Stutter, Marc, additional, Verburg, Peter H., additional, Wilfert, Philipp, additional, Williams, Paul N., additional, and Metson, Geneviève S., additional

Published
2019
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32. New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge

Author

Reitzel, Kasper, Bennett, William W., Berger, Nils, Brownlie, Will J., Bruun, Sander, Christensen, Morten L., Cordell, Dana, Van Dijk, Kimo, Egemose, Sara, Eigner, Herbert, Glud, Ronnie N., Grönfors, Outi, Hermann, Ludwig, Houot, Sabine, Hupfer, Michael, Jacobs, Brent, Korving, Leon, Kjærgaard, Charlotte, Liimatainen, Henrikki, Van Loosdrecht, Mark C.m., Macintosh, Katrina A., Magid, Jakob, Maia, Frederico, Martin-ortega, Julia, Mcgrath, John, Meulepas, Roel, Murry, Michael, Neset, Tina-simone, Neumann, Günter, Nielsen, Ulla G., Nielsen, Per H., O’flaherty, Vincent, Qu, Haiyan, Santner, Jakob, Seufert, Verena, Spears, Bryan, Stringer, Lindsay C., Stutter, Marc, Verburg, Peter H., Wilfert, Philipp, Williams, Paul N., Metson, Geneviève S., Reitzel, Kasper, Bennett, William W., Berger, Nils, Brownlie, Will J., Bruun, Sander, Christensen, Morten L., Cordell, Dana, Van Dijk, Kimo, Egemose, Sara, Eigner, Herbert, Glud, Ronnie N., Grönfors, Outi, Hermann, Ludwig, Houot, Sabine, Hupfer, Michael, Jacobs, Brent, Korving, Leon, Kjærgaard, Charlotte, Liimatainen, Henrikki, Van Loosdrecht, Mark C.m., Macintosh, Katrina A., Magid, Jakob, Maia, Frederico, Martin-ortega, Julia, Mcgrath, John, Meulepas, Roel, Murry, Michael, Neset, Tina-simone, Neumann, Günter, Nielsen, Ulla G., Nielsen, Per H., O’flaherty, Vincent, Qu, Haiyan, Santner, Jakob, Seufert, Verena, Spears, Bryan, Stringer, Lindsay C., Stutter, Marc, Verburg, Peter H., Wilfert, Philipp, Williams, Paul N., and Metson, Geneviève S.

Published
2019

33. Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable

Author

Kehoe, Laura, Reis, Tiago, Virah-Sawmy, Malika, Balmford, Andrew, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Knohl, Alexander, Antonelli, Alexandre, Hochkirch, Axel, Vira, Bhaskar, Massa, Bruno, Peres, Carlos A., Ammer, Christian, Goerg, Christoph, Schneider, Christoph, Curtis, David, de la Pena, Eduardo, Tello, Enric, Sperfeld, Erik, Corbera, Esteve, Morelli, Federico, Valladares, Fernando, Peterson, Garry, Hide, Geoff, Mace, Georgina, Kallis, Giorgos, Olsson, Gunilla Almered, Brumelis, Guntis, Alexanderson, Helena, Haberl, Helmut, Nuissl, Henning, Kreft, Holger, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Piotrowski, Jan A., Macdiarmid, Jennie, Newig, Jens, Fischer, Joern, Altringham, John, Gledhill, John, Nielsen, Jonas O., Mueller, Joerg, Palmeirim, Jorge, Barlow, Jos, Alonso, Juan C., Presa Asencio, Juan Jose, Steinberger, Julia K., Jones, Julia Patricia Gordon, Cabral, Juliano Sarmento, Dengler, Juergen, Stibral, Karel, Erb, Karlheinz, Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto, Wiegand, Kerstin, Cassar, Louis F., Lens, Luc, Rosalino, Luis Miguel, Wassen, M. J., Stenseke, Marie, Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, Diaz, Mario, Rounsevell, Mark, van Kleunen, Mark, Junginger, Martin, Kaltenpoth, Martin, Zobel, Martin, Weigend, Maximilian, Partel, Meelis, Schilthuizen, Menno, Bastos Araujo, Miguel, Haklay, Muki, Eisenhauer, Nico, Selva, Nuria, Mertz, Ole, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Borges, Paulo A. V., Kovar, Pavel, Smith, Pete, Verburg, Peter, Pysek, Petr, Seppelt, Ralf, Valentini, Riccardo, Whittaker, Robert J., Henrique Faria, Sergio, Ulgiati, Sergio, Loetters, Stefan, Bjorck, Svante, Larson, Sven Ake, Tscharntke, Teja, Domingos, Tiago, Krueger, Tobias, Pascual, Unai, Olsson, Urban, Kati, Vassiliki, Winiwarter, Verena, Reyes-Garcia, Victoria, Vajda, Vivi, Sutherland, William J., de Waroux, Yann le Polain, Buckley, Yvonne, Rammig, Anja, Kasimir, Asa, Crona, Beatrice, Sindicic, Magda, Persson, Martin, Lapka, Miloslav, Di Gregorio, Monica, Hahn, Thomas, Boonstra, Wiebren, Lipsky, Zdenek, Zucaro, A., Roeder, Achim, Lopez Baucells, Adria, Danet, Alain, Franco, Aldina, Nieto Roman, Alejandra, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Collalti, Alessio, Keller, Alexander, Strugariu, Alexandru, Perrigo, Allison, Fernandez-Llamazares, Alvaro, Salaseviciene, Alvija, Hinsley, Amy, Santos, Ana M. C., Novoa, Ana, Rodrigues, Ana, Mascarenhas, Andre, Martins, Andrea Damacena, Holzschuh, Andrea, Meseguer, Andrea S., Hadjichambis, Andreas, Mayer, Andreas, Hacket-Pain, Andrew, Ringsmuth, Andrew, de Frutos, Angel, Stein, Anke, Heikkinen, Anna, Smith, Annabel, Bjoersne, Anna-Karin, Bagneres, Anne-Genevieve, Machordom, Annie, Kristin, Anton, Ghoddousi, Arash, Staal, Arie, Martin, Arnaud, Taylor, Astrid, Borrell, Asuncion, Marescaux, Audrey, Torres, Aurora, Helm, Aveliina, Bauer, Barbara, Smetschka, Barbara, Rodriguez-Labajos, Beatriz, Peco, Begona, Gambin, Belinda, Celine, Bellard, Phalan, Ben, Cotta, Benedetta, Rugani, Benedetto, Jarcuska, Benjamin, Leroy, Boris, Nikolov, Boris Petrov, Milchev, Boyan Petrov, Brown, Calum, Ritter, Camila Duarte, Gomes, Carmen Bessa, Meyer, Carsten, Munteanu, Catalina, Penone, Caterina, Friis, Cecilie, Teplitsky, Celine, Roemer, Charlotte, Orland, Chloe, Voigt, Christian C., Levers, Christian, Zang, Christian, Bacon, Christine D., Meyer, Christoph, Wordley, Claire, Grilo, Clara, Cattaneo, Claudio, Battisti, Corrado, Banks-Leite, Cristina, Zurell, Damaris, Challender, Dan, Mueller, Daniel, Matenaar, Daniela, Silvestro, Daniele, McKay, David Armstrong, Buckley, David, Frantz, David, Gremillet, David, Mateos, David Moreno, Sanchez-Fernandez, David, Vieites, David, Ascoli, Davide, Arlt, Debora, Louis, Deharveng, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Strubbe, Diederik, Gil, Diego, Llusia, Diego, Bennett, Dominic J., Chobanov, Dragan Petrov, Aguilera, Eduardo, Oliveira, Eduardo, Pynegar, Edwin L., Granda, Elena, Grieco, Elisa, Conrad, Elisabeth, Revilla, Eloy, Lindkvist, Emilie, Caprio, Enrico, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus, Berenguer, Erika, Ochu, Erinma, Polaina, Ester, Nuernberger, Fabian, Esculier, Fabien, de Castro, Fabio, Albanito, Fabrizio, Langerwisch, Fanny, Batsleer, Femke, Ascensao, Fernando, Moyano, Fernando Esteban, Sayol, Ferran, Buzzetti, Filippo Maria, Eiro, Flavio, Volaire, Florence, Gollnow, Florian, Menzel, Florian, Pilo, Francesca, Moreira, Francisco, Briens, Francois, Essl, Franz, Vlahos, George, Billen, Gilles, Vacchiano, Giorgio, Wong, Grace, Gruychev, Gradimir Valentinov, Fandos, Guillermo, Petter, Gunnar, Sinare, Hanna, Mumby, Hannah S., Cottyn, Hanne, Seebens, Hanno, Bjorklund, Heidi, Schroeder, Heike, Lopez Hernandez, Heriberto D., Rebelo, Hugo, Chenet, Hugues, De la Riva, Ignacio, Torre, Ignasi, Aalders, Inge, Grass, Ingo, Chuine, Isabelle, Goepel, Jan, Wieringa, Jan J., Engler, Jan O., Pergl, Jan, Schnitzler, Jan, Vavra, Jan, Medvedovic, Jasna, Cabello, Javier, Martin, Jean-Louis, Mutke, Jens, Lewis, Jerome, da Silva, Jessica Fonseca, Marull, Joan, Carvalho, Joana, Carnicer, Jofre, Enqvist, Johan, Simaika, John P., Noguera, Jose C., Blanco Moreno, Jose M., Bruna, Josef, Garnier, Josette, Fargallo, Juan A., Rocha, Juan Carlos, Carrillo, Juan D., Infante-Amate, Juan, Traba Diaz, Juan, Schleicher, Judith, Simon, Judy, Noe, Julia Le, Gerlach, Justin, Eriksson, K. 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V., af Segerstad, Louise Hard, Willemse, Luc, Benavides, Lucia, Sovova, Lucie, Figueiredo, Ludmilla, Leidinger, Ludwig, Piemontese, Luigi, da Fonte, Luis Fernando Marin, Moreta, Lys Sanz, Bhan, Manan, Toledo-Hernandez, Manuel, Engert, Manuela, Davoli, Marco, Mas Navarro, Maria, Voigt, Maria, Zirion, Maria, Wandl, Marie-Theres, Kipson, Marina, Johnson, Mark D., Lukic, Marko, Goula, Marta, Jung, Martin, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, Alvarez, Matheus Rodriguez, van den Burg, Matthijs P., Guerrero, Mayra Daniela Pena, Greenfield, Michael, Lobmann, Michael, Nygren, Michelle, Guth, Miriam Karen, Koh, Niak, Stanek, Nicola, Roux, Nicolas, Karagouni, Niki, Tiralla, Nina, Mairota, Paola, Savaget, Paulo, von Doehren, Peer, Benyei, Petra, Lena, Philippe, Rufin, Philippe, Janke, Rebekka, Santagata, Remo, Motta, Renzo, Battiston, Roberto, Oyanedel, Rodrigo, Bernardo-Madrid, Ruben, Vasconcelos, Sasha, Henriques, Sergio, Bager, Simon L., Qin, Siyu, Ivkovic, Slobodan, Cooke, Sophia, Ernst, Stefan, Schmelzer, Stefan, da Silva, Sven, Faberova, Tamara, Enseroth, Tanja, De Marzo, Teresa, Pienkowski, Thomas, Engel, Thore, Boehnert, Tim, Swinfield, Tom, Kurdikova, Vendula, Chvatalova, Veronika, Lopez-Marquez, Violeta, Arlidge, William, and Zhang, Zhijie

Published
2019
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35. Many shades of gray - The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture

Author

Seufert, Verena, Ramankutty, Navin, and Environmental Geography

Subjects
organic, organic agriculture, Biodiversity, Reviews, Review, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural economics, ddc:550, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Cost–benefit analysis, business.industry, SciAdv review, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, sustainability, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Organic farming, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Profitability index, Water quality, business, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Water use
Abstract

The performance of organic agriculture includes some benefits, some costs, and many uncertainties., Organic agriculture is often proposed as a more sustainable alternative to current conventional agriculture. We assess the current understanding of the costs and benefits of organic agriculture across multiple production, environmental, producer, and consumer dimensions. Organic agriculture shows many potential benefits (including higher biodiversity and improved soil and water quality per unit area, enhanced profitability, and higher nutritional value) as well as many potential costs including lower yields and higher consumer prices. However, numerous important dimensions have high uncertainty, particularly the environmental performance when controlling for lower organic yields, but also yield stability, soil erosion, water use, and labor conditions. We identify conditions that influence the relative performance of organic systems, highlighting areas for increased research and policy support.

Published
2017
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37. Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Pongratz, Julia, Don, Axel, Kloster, Silvia, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Fetzel, Tamara, Fuchs, Richard, Herold, Martin, Haberl, Helmut, Jones, Chris D., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, McCallum, Ian, Robertson, Eddy, Seufert, Verena, Fritz, Steffen, Valade, Aude, Wiltshire, Andrew, Dolman, Albertus J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Erb, Karl-Heinz, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Pongratz, Julia, Don, Axel, Kloster, Silvia, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Fetzel, Tamara, Fuchs, Richard, Herold, Martin, Haberl, Helmut, Jones, Chris D., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, McCallum, Ian, Robertson, Eddy, Seufert, Verena, Fritz, Steffen, Valade, Aude, Wiltshire, Andrew, and Dolman, Albertus J.

Abstract

In the light of daunting global sustainability challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and food security, improving our understanding of the complex dynamics of the Earth system is crucial. However, large knowledge gaps related to the effects of land management persist, in particular those human-induced changes in terrestrial ecosystems that do not result in land-cover conversions. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of ten common land management activities for their biogeochemical and biophysical impacts, the level of process understanding and data availability. Our review shows that ca. one-tenth of the ice-free land surface is under intense human management, half under medium and one-fifth under extensive management. Based on our review, we cluster these ten management activities into three groups: (i) management activities for which data sets are available, and for which a good knowledge base exists (cropland harvest and irrigation); (ii) management activities for which sufficient knowledge on biogeochemical and biophysical effects exists but robust global data sets are lacking (forest harvest, tree species selection, grazing and mowing harvest, N fertilization); and (iii) land management practices with severe data gaps concomitant with an unsatisfactory level of process understanding (crop species selection, artificial wetland drainage, tillage and fire management and crop residue management, an element of crop harvest). Although we identify multiple impediments to progress, we conclude that the current status of process understanding and data availability is sufficient to advance with incorporating management in, for example, Earth system or dynamic vegetation models in order to provide a systematic assessment of their role in the Earth system. This review contributes to a strategic prioritization of research efforts across multiple disciplines, including land system research, ecological research and Earth system modelling.

Published
2017

38. Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Author

Erb, Karl‐Heinz, primary, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, additional, Meyfroidt, Patrick, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Don, Axel, additional, Kloster, Silvia, additional, Kuemmerle, Tobias, additional, Fetzel, Tamara, additional, Fuchs, Richard, additional, Herold, Martin, additional, Haberl, Helmut, additional, Jones, Chris D., additional, Marín‐Spiotta, Erika, additional, McCallum, Ian, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Seufert, Verena, additional, Fritz, Steffen, additional, Valade, Aude, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew, additional, and Dolman, Albertus J., additional

Published
2016
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39. Revealing secondary seed removers: Results from camera trapping

Author

Seufert, Verena, Linden (Née Heikamp), Birthe, Fischer, Frauke, and Environmental Geography

Subjects
South Africa, Camera trapping, Seed removal, Seed spitting, food and beverages, Cercopithecus albogularis, Frugivory
Abstract

This paper reports the results of the first study on secondary seed removal of seeds dispersed by Sykes' monkeys (Cercopithecus albogularis) using camera traps in Africa. Patterns of primary seed dispersal are often superimposed by secondary conveyance, emphasising the need to study these secondary processes carefully. As the agents and mechanisms of seed dispersal are often concealed, being carried out by cryptic or nocturnal animals in dense vegetation, camera trapping was deemed a viable means to investigate secondary removal of seeds disseminated by C. albogularis in the Western Soutpansberg, South Africa. Camera traps were established at preferred feeding trees of the focal Sykes' monkey group to identify animal species that remove seeds and fruits spat and dropped to the forest floor and seed removal observations were carried out. This method proved to be effective in identifying seed removers and also allowed to get indications about the quantities of seeds removed. Ten animal species were recorded visiting the trees, of which eight were observed removing seeds and fruits. Overall seed and fruit removal rates were high, indicating that the foraging behaviour of C. albogularis attracts many terrestrial frugivores.

Published
2010
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40. Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies.

Author

Erb, Karl‐Heinz, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Pongratz, Julia, Don, Axel, Kloster, Silvia, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Fetzel, Tamara, Fuchs, Richard, Herold, Martin, Haberl, Helmut, Jones, Chris D., Marín‐Spiotta, Erika, McCallum, Ian, Robertson, Eddy, Seufert, Verena, Fritz, Steffen, Valade, Aude, Wiltshire, Andrew, and Dolman, Albertus J.

Subjects
LAND management, CLIMATE change, SUSTAINABILITY, BIODIVERSITY, FOOD security
Abstract

In the light of daunting global sustainability challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and food security, improving our understanding of the complex dynamics of the Earth system is crucial. However, large knowledge gaps related to the effects of land management persist, in particular those human-induced changes in terrestrial ecosystems that do not result in land-cover conversions. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of ten common land management activities for their biogeochemical and biophysical impacts, the level of process understanding and data availability. Our review shows that ca. one-tenth of the ice-free land surface is under intense human management, half under medium and one-fifth under extensive management. Based on our review, we cluster these ten management activities into three groups: (i) management activities for which data sets are available, and for which a good knowledge base exists (cropland harvest and irrigation); (ii) management activities for which sufficient knowledge on biogeochemical and biophysical effects exists but robust global data sets are lacking (forest harvest, tree species selection, grazing and mowing harvest, N fertilization); and (iii) land management practices with severe data gaps concomitant with an unsatisfactory level of process understanding (crop species selection, artificial wetland drainage, tillage and fire management and crop residue management, an element of crop harvest). Although we identify multiple impediments to progress, we conclude that the current status of process understanding and data availability is sufficient to advance with incorporating management in, for example, Earth system or dynamic vegetation models in order to provide a systematic assessment of their role in the Earth system. This review contributes to a strategic prioritization of research efforts across multiple disciplines, including land system research, ecological research and Earth system modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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41. White paper of the 2012 Winter School on Limits to Growth Revisited

Author

Abdu, Nafiu, Ako, Rhuks, Backhaus, Julia, Bergset, Linda, Bezerra, Joana, Bobojonov, Ihtiyor, Borges, Vag-Lan, Cakirli Akyüz, Nuray, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Castro, Rodrigo, Cundill, Georgina, Romina, Drees, Escalante, Nicolas, Haake, Hans, Havemann, Andreas, Hezel, Bernd, Hotes, Stefan, Ibeh, Lawrence, Karimov, Aziz, Köbbing, Jan, Kurniawan, Tonni, Landry, Jean-Sébastien, Leopold, Armin, Guerreiro, Luis Lopes, Mansson, André, Marques da Silva, César, Mawlong, Lavinia, Moorhouse, Jeremy, Mu, Dongyan, Mukwaya, Paul, Murguia, Diego Ignacio, Mutopo, Patience, Nazarkina, Liudmila, Nuss, Philip, O'Brien, Meghan, Olaka, Lydia, Phelan, Liam, Randrianiaiana, Roger Daniel, Reichel, André, Sakane, Naomie, Schmelzer, Matthias, Schmidt, Anne, Schwerhoff, Gregor, Schwindenhammer, Sandra, Seufert, Verena, Shen, Wei, Liang, Liang, Sop, Tenekwetche, Tephnadze, Nato, Tietze, Frank, Tlili, Iskander, Wang, Xiaoxi, Yazid, Sylvia, Young, Andrea, Abdu, Nafiu, Ako, Rhuks, Backhaus, Julia, Bergset, Linda, Bezerra, Joana, Bobojonov, Ihtiyor, Borges, Vag-Lan, Cakirli Akyüz, Nuray, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Castro, Rodrigo, Cundill, Georgina, Romina, Drees, Escalante, Nicolas, Haake, Hans, Havemann, Andreas, Hezel, Bernd, Hotes, Stefan, Ibeh, Lawrence, Karimov, Aziz, Köbbing, Jan, Kurniawan, Tonni, Landry, Jean-Sébastien, Leopold, Armin, Guerreiro, Luis Lopes, Mansson, André, Marques da Silva, César, Mawlong, Lavinia, Moorhouse, Jeremy, Mu, Dongyan, Mukwaya, Paul, Murguia, Diego Ignacio, Mutopo, Patience, Nazarkina, Liudmila, Nuss, Philip, O'Brien, Meghan, Olaka, Lydia, Phelan, Liam, Randrianiaiana, Roger Daniel, Reichel, André, Sakane, Naomie, Schmelzer, Matthias, Schmidt, Anne, Schwerhoff, Gregor, Schwindenhammer, Sandra, Seufert, Verena, Shen, Wei, Liang, Liang, Sop, Tenekwetche, Tephnadze, Nato, Tietze, Frank, Tlili, Iskander, Wang, Xiaoxi, Yazid, Sylvia, and Young, Andrea

Published
2014

42. White paper of the 2012 winter school on limits to growth revisited

Author

Puetter, Felix, Kremers, Anorthe, Abdu, Nafiu, Ako, Rhuks, Backhaus, Julia, Bergset, Linda, Bezerra, Joana, Bobojonov, Ihtiyor, Borges, Vag-Lan, Cakirli Akyüz, Nuray, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Castro, Rodrigo, Cundill, Georgina, Drees, Romina, Escalante, Nicolas, Haake, Hans, Havemann, Andreas, Heze, Bernd, Hotes, Stefan, Ibeh, Lawrence, Karimov, Aziz, Köbbing, Jan, Kurniawan, Tonni, Landry, Jean-Sébastien, Leopold, Armin, Lopes Guerreiro, Luis, Månsson, André, Marques da Silva, César, Mawlong, Lavinia, Moorhouse, Jeremy, Mu, Dongyan, Mukwaya, Paul, Ignacio Murguía, Diego, Mutopo, Patience, Nazarkina, Liudmila, Nuss, Philip, O'Brien, Meghan, Olaka, Lydia, Phelan, Liam, Randrianiaiana, Roger Daniel, Reichel, André, Sakane, Naomie, Schmelzer, Matthias, Schmidt, Anne, Schwerhoff, Gregor, Schwindenhammer, Sandra, Seufert, Verena, Shen, Wei, Shi, Liang, Sop, Tenekwetche, Tephnadze, Nato, Tietze, Frank, Tlili, Iskander, Wang, Xiaoxi, Yazid, Sylvia, Young, Andrea, Puetter, Felix, Kremers, Anorthe, Abdu, Nafiu, Ako, Rhuks, Backhaus, Julia, Bergset, Linda, Bezerra, Joana, Bobojonov, Ihtiyor, Borges, Vag-Lan, Cakirli Akyüz, Nuray, Callo-Concha, Daniel, Castro, Rodrigo, Cundill, Georgina, Drees, Romina, Escalante, Nicolas, Haake, Hans, Havemann, Andreas, Heze, Bernd, Hotes, Stefan, Ibeh, Lawrence, Karimov, Aziz, Köbbing, Jan, Kurniawan, Tonni, Landry, Jean-Sébastien, Leopold, Armin, Lopes Guerreiro, Luis, Månsson, André, Marques da Silva, César, Mawlong, Lavinia, Moorhouse, Jeremy, Mu, Dongyan, Mukwaya, Paul, Ignacio Murguía, Diego, Mutopo, Patience, Nazarkina, Liudmila, Nuss, Philip, O'Brien, Meghan, Olaka, Lydia, Phelan, Liam, Randrianiaiana, Roger Daniel, Reichel, André, Sakane, Naomie, Schmelzer, Matthias, Schmidt, Anne, Schwerhoff, Gregor, Schwindenhammer, Sandra, Seufert, Verena, Shen, Wei, Shi, Liang, Sop, Tenekwetche, Tephnadze, Nato, Tietze, Frank, Tlili, Iskander, Wang, Xiaoxi, Yazid, Sylvia, and Young, Andrea

Published
2012

43. Urban agriculture: a global analysis of the space constraint to meet urban vegetable demand

Author

Martellozzo, F., Landry, J.-S., Plouffe, D., Seufert, Verena, Rowhani, P., and Ramankutty, N.

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, 1. No poverty, urban, agriculture
Abstract

Urban agriculture (UA) has been drawing a lot of attention recently for several reasons: the majority of the world population has shifted from living in rural to urban areas; the environmental impact of agriculture is a matter of rising concern; and food insecurity, especially the accessibility of food, remains a major challenge. UA has often been proposed as a solution to some of these issues, for example by producing food in places where population density is highest, reducing transportation costs, connecting people directly to food systems and using urban areas efficiently. However, to date no study has examined how much food could actually be produced in urban areas at the global scale. Here we use a simple approach, based on different global-scale datasets, to assess to what extent UA is constrained by the existing amount of urban space. Our results suggest that UA would require roughly one third of the total global urban area to meet the global vegetable consumption of urban dwellers. This estimate does not consider how much urban area may actually be suitable and available for UA, which likely varies substantially around the world and according to the type of UA performed. Further, this global average value masks variations of more than two orders of magnitude among individual countries. The variations in the space required across countries derive mostly from variations in urban population density, and much less from variations in yields or per capita consumption. Overall, the space required is regrettably the highest where UA is most needed, i.e., in more food insecure countries. We also show that smaller urban clusters (i.e.

44. From functional diversity to human well-being: A conceptual framework for agroecosystem sustainability

Author

Ecologia, García de la Riva, Enrique, Ulrich, Werner, Batáry, Péter, Baudry, Julia, Beaumelle, Léa, Bucher, Roman, Čerevková, Andrea, Felipe-Lucia, María R., Gallé, Róbert, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, Rusch, Adrien, Seufert, Verena, Stanley, Dara, Birkhofer, Klaus, Ecologia, García de la Riva, Enrique, Ulrich, Werner, Batáry, Péter, Baudry, Julia, Beaumelle, Léa, Bucher, Roman, Čerevková, Andrea, Felipe-Lucia, María R., Gallé, Róbert, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Rembiałkowska, Ewa, Rusch, Adrien, Seufert, Verena, Stanley, Dara, and Birkhofer, Klaus

Abstract

[EN] CONTEXT: Agricultural intensification contributes to global food security and well-being by supplying the food demand of a growing human population. However, ongoing land-use change and intensification seriously affect the abundance, diversity and distribution of species, besides many other impacts, thereby threatening the functioning of ecosystems worldwide. Despite the accumulating evidence that the current agricultural model is unsustainable, we are far from understanding the consequences of functional diversity loss for functioning and ecosystem service supply and the potential long-term threats to food security and human well-being. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we propose a conceptual framework to understand the relationships between functional diversity and human well-being that also considers agroecosystem health. To this end, we identify the most commonly assumed relationships linking functional diversity to regulating and provisioning agroecosystem services and their importance for human well-being, emphasising the most serious knowledge gaps in the in-dividual pathways of the conceptual framework. METHODS: A consortium formed by an international panel of experts from different disciplines including functional diversity, ecosystem services and human health compiled 275 articles. Members of the consortium proposed literature to exemplify each specific aspect of the conceptual framework in the text, in accordance with his/her field of expertise. The guideline for all experts was to focus mostly in current literature (38% of the references are from the last 5 years and 66% from the last decade), with special interest in reviews and synthesis articles (42% of the references), as well as meta-analyses and global studies (10% of the references). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The factors that influence agroecosystem health are extremely complex, involving both services and disservices related to land-use management and environmental conditions. The global human popu

46. Chapter 2.1 Status and Trends –Drivers of Change

Author

Balvanera, Patricia, Pfaff, Alexander, Viña, Andrés, Garcia Frapolli, Eduardo, Hussain, Syed Ainul, Merino, Leticia, Minang, Peter Akong, Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Sidorovich, Anna, Aburto, Marisol, Al Shammasi, Hussain, Andrade, Luiza, Aumeeruddy Thomas, Yildiz, Babai, Daniel, Badola, Ruchi, Bai, Xuemei, Benessaiah, Karina, Bennett, Abigail, Berron, Fernando, Brancalion, Pedro, Carnovale, Maria, Chazdon, Robin, Coscieme, Luca, Cotler, Helena, Curran, Sara, Declerck, Fabrice, Deen, Tariq, Di Marco, Moreno, Doropoulus, Christopher, Duguma, Lalisa A., Dumas, Patrice, Ezzine de Blas, Driss, Fiorella, Katie, Foundjem-Tita, Divine, Funge-Smith, Simon, Geschke, Arne, Gladish, Daniel W., Golden, Christopher, González Ortega, Emmanuel, Guibrunet, Louise, Gutt, Julian, Halmy, Marwa W., Hegazi, Farah, Hill, Samantha, Hily, Emeline, Hunter, Lori, Irengbam, Michelle, Jacob, Ute, Jagger, Pam, Jenkins, Willis, Kaczan, David, Karim, Md Saiful, Justin Kirkpatrick, A., Langle-Flores, Alfonso, Liu, Wei, Lozano, Alejandro, Luz, Ana Catarina, Madiefe, Serge P., Maris, Virginie, Mazor, Tessa, Meli, Paula, Mingorria, Sara, Miteva, Daniela, Molnár, Zsolt, Mora, Francisco, Naime, Julia, Niamir, Aidin, Orgill, Jennifer, Ortíz, Victor, Pacheco, Diego, Pakhtigian, Emily, Palang, Hannes, Pasquier, Ayari, Pechar, Emily, Piñeyro Nelson, Alma, Prest, Brian, Preston, Susan, Purifoy, Danielle, Ramankutti, Navin, Ranganathan, Janet, Rocha, Juan Carlos, Rodriguez Osuna, Vanesa, Ruiz-Mallen, Isabel, Salzman, James, Schwarzmueller, Florian, Searchinger, Tim, Seebens, Hanno, Sepp, Kalev, Seufert, Verena, Sexton, Steve, Smith, Hilary, Stefanski, Stephanie, Tauro, Alejandra, Usmani, Faraz, Vennard, Daniel, Vilá, Bibiana, Waite, Richard, Wickson, Fern, Wolfersberger, Julien, Zeeshan, Ali, Lambin, Eric, and Mistry, Jayalaxshmi

Subjects
Chapter, Global Assessment, IPBES
Abstract

This document contains the draft Chapter 2.1 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters.

Published
2019
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47. Chapter 4. Plausible futures of nature, its contributions to people and their good quality of life

Author

Shin, Yunne-Jai, Arneth, Almut, Chowdhury, Rinku Roy, Midgley, Guy F., Bukvareva, Elena, Heinimann, Andreas, Horcea-Milcu, Andra Ioana, Kolb, Melanie, Leadley, Paul, Oberdorff, Thierry, Madruga, Ramon Pichs, Rondinini, Carlo, Saito, Osamu, Sathyapalan, Jyothis, Boafo, Yaw Agyeman, Kindlmann, Pavel, Yue, TianXiang, Krenova, Zdenka, Osano, Philip, Palomo, Ignacio, Basher, Zeenatul, Pliscoff, Patricio, Alcalá-Reygosa, Jesús, Alkemade, Rob, Anthoni, Peter, Basu, Mrittika, Bellard, Celine, Bohensky, Erin, Bopp, Laurent, Buchholz, Andrea, Butler, James, Byrnes, Jarrett, Daw, Tim, Duffy, Emmett, Fuentes, Mariana, Glibert, Patricia, Goh, Chun Sheng, Güneralp, Burak, Harrison, Paula, Hazen, Elliott, Hendry, Andrew, Hughes, Robert M, Ibarrola, María José, Iles, David, Jenouvrier, Stéphanie, Kaplan, Jed, Kim, HyeJin, Krause, Andreas, Lotze, Heike, Rosa, Isabel Maria, Martins, Ines, Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia, Mehrabi, Zia, Mouillot, David, Poloczanska, Elvira, Pugh, Thomas, Quesada, Benjamin, Sauls, Laura, Seufert, Verena, Sweetman, Andrew, Tessler, Zachary, Tietjen, Britta, Tittensor, Derek, Worm, Boris, Krug, Rainer, and Chytrý, Milan

Subjects
Chapter, Global Assessment, IPBES
Abstract

This document contains the draft Chapter 4 of the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Governments and all observers at IPBES-7 had access to these draft chapters eight weeks prior to IPBES-7. Governments accepted the Chapters at IPBES-7 based on the understanding that revisions made to the SPM during the Plenary, as a result of the dialogue between Governments and scientists, would be reflected in the final Chapters.IPBES typically releases its Chapters publicly only in their final form, which implies a delay of several months post Plenary. However, in light of the high interest for the Chapters, IPBES is releasing the six Chapters early (31 May 2019) in a draft form. Authors of the reports are currently working to reflect all the changes made to the Summary for Policymakers during the Plenary to the Chapters, and to perform final copyediting.

Published
2019
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