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The aim of the thesis is to explore how the spread of blockchain technology can affect our society and the relevant legal relationships among individuals in the logistics and shipping industry, i.e. one of the sectors of economy which is making the greatest efforts to embrace such a ?revolution?. As it will be argued in the paper, the result probably lies somewhere in between a 'regulatory presence' and a 'cyber-anarchist' approach. For the law, it means that one should not use the full enforcement arsenal in all circumstances and the legal constraints should be adapted to technology (e.g. by creating legal comfort zones with regulatory sandboxes and safe harbours aimed at studying the impact of blockchain on some specific industries); for technology, it implies that it must be law-oriented. In this vein, the crucial and barycentric importance of tailoring a new role for the ?ordinary? law in its interaction with the so-called 'lex cryptographica' shall be duly explored and stressed in order to create a proper ?law of blockchain? which may (i) bridge the gap between the technology and the real landscape in which it would be supposed to operate; (ii) enable distributed ledgers to find a proper and functional use and, therefore, (iii) allow for trust in the blockchain not only by single ?nodes? in the online world but, rather, by all the people living in the real, ?physical?, world. Achieving such a goal is paramount if we wish to prevent all the evocative promises of a ?blockchain revolution? on real life from boiling down to what William Shakespeare defined as ?Much ado about nothing?. In this vein, the research project has been carried out with a multidisciplinary approach, which nevertheless allows to sketch some conclusion de iure condendo on the issues indicated above with reference to logistics and shipping industry, which undoubtedly constitutes a useful and interesting role model, principally due (i) to need by the maritime industry to find innovative ways of remaining competitive in a fast-changing world (especially after the recent and disruptive outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic ) while still addressing such longstanding concerns as intensive paperwork, tedious processes and data transparency; (ii) to the potential that blockchain technology hold in addressing industry concerns regarding trust among operators, data integrity, traceability, timeliness ad transparency; (iii) to several underlying analogies that such a distributed ledger shares with the ancestors of the documents that still govern maritime shipments and any related contractual relationships.

Lo scritto affronta il tema della compatibilità dell’attività di cooperazione internazionale portata avanti da soggetti privati, come ad esempio il Distretto della Pesca e Crescita Blu di Mazara del Vallo, con il quadro normativo eurounitario in tema di accordi di pesca con Paesi terzi, prospettando anche un ruolo di garanzia da parte della Regione siciliana, il cui Statuto attribuisce all’amministrazione regionale competenza esclusiva in materia di pesca. The essay addresses the issue of compatibility of international cooperation activities carried out by private entities, such as the District of Fishing and Blue Growth of Mazara del Vallo, with the Community regulatory framework on fishing agreements with third countries, also proposing a role of guarantee for the Sicilian Region, whose Statute attributes exclusive competence to the regional administration in matters of fishing.

The Protection of Passengers in EU Private International Law.

According to administrative tradition, concession is an instrument that allows individuals to use a public good for a particular purpose. This general definition, which includes two adjectives, such as public and particular, reflectes the multifaceted issue of the instrument to fulfill at the same time a public need and an eminently private exigence. This study examined different historical periods and various currents of thoughts, to identify distinctive traits of the concession in Italian legal system, especially focusing on the concession of the infrastructure management of airports and railways. In the background of the tension between two extreme poles of the definition, the notion of public good is believed to be discussed and revisited. Furthermore, the research illustrated the main regulatory framework of port concessions, which were radically changed after the new port law no. 84/1994. According to the new land-lond ports in which port authorities were in charge of coordinating, promoting and planning the port activities with a specific prohibition of any direct involvement, port operations have been awarded to private companies entitled to operate under a concession. Two main port actors became the port authority and the port facilities and terminal operating company, who are the only ones able to manage a terminal and to handle cargoes. The criteria to award port concessions are set out in the article 18 of Law no. 84/1994 as far as concessions of port terminals to stevedoring companies are concerned. The paper explained both issues of renewal and extension of port concession, whose maximum duration cannot exceed the period necessary for the recovery of investments made by the concessionaire, as resulting from the operational and business plan. Moreover, the investigation reconstructed the development of the motorway concessions sector in Italy, starting from their birth, through the privatisation in the 1990s, to finally analyze the debate on a possible re-publication following the collapse of the ?Ponte Morandi?. In the research the Author also highlighted the relative constituent elements of the scope, i.e. the specific features of the motorway concession regime compared to the ordinary one, the growing presence of an independent governance, as well as the peculiar modalities of tariff determination through the price cap parameter, revealing that the main interventions of Italian Legislator were inspired by the contingent needs and not by the pursuit of an organic design. Dissertation thesis also analysed the role of Transport Regulation Authority (ART), whose main mission is economic regulation in the field of transport and access to related infrastructures and services. Further, ART is competent for defining the quality levels of transport services and the minimum content of the rights that may be claimed by users against infrastructure managers. The Authority is an indipendent administrative authoriy and operates in full autonomy, in accordance with EU legislation and in compliance with the subsidiarity principle.

L’articolo, prendendo le mosse dalla recente legge regionale siciliana n. 32 del 2020, ripercorre le tappe relative alla più recente produzione normativa in tema di concessioni turistico-balneari, alla luce anche dei principi eurounitari (Direttiva Bolkestein, in particolare) e dei conseguenti interventi della Commissione, che ha avviato procedure di infrazione nei confronti dell’Italia. The paper, starting from the recent Sicilian regional law no. 32 of 2020, retraces the steps related to the most recent legislation on the subject of beach concessions for touristic and recreational purposes, also in light of the Euro-unitary principles (Bolkestein Directive, in particular) and the consequent interventions of the Commission, which initiated infringement procedures against Italy.

L’articolo, prendendo le mosse dalla recente legge regionale siciliana n. 32 del2020, ripercorre le tappe relative alla pi`u recente produzione normativa in tema di concessionituristico-balneari, alla luce anche dei principi eurounitari (Direttiva Bolkestein, in particolare)e dei conseguenti interventi della Commissione, che ha avviato procedure di infrazione neiconfronti dell’Italia The paper, starting from the recent Sicilian regional law no. 32 of 2020, retraces the steps related to the most recent legislation on the subject of beach concessions for touristic and recreational purposes, also in light of the Euro-unitary principles (Bolkestein Directive, in particular) and the consequent interventions of the Commission, which initiated infringement procedures against Italy

Il lavoro tratta del sistema di garanzie finanziarie e assicurative previste a favore del marittimo reclutato dalle agenzie di manning, nell'ambito della normativa internazionale ILO, ed in particolare della Convenzione quadro sul lavoro marittimo del 2006, e del diritto europeo. MLC 2006,crew agencies and protection of seafarers. Insurance and financial guarantees in the event of abandonment of seafarers.

Lo studio si incentra sull'automazione delle operazioni portuali di imbarco e di sbarco, con particolare riferimento all'incidenza della tecnologia sul sistema di responsabilità degli attori del trasporto marittimo. Sarà trattata la normativa portuale, la governance, il sistema di protezione sociale dei lavoratori portuali e il regime giuridico dei terminal operator. La relazione tra attività totalmente automatizzata e infrastrutture marittime è analizzata nel contesto del diritto internazionale marittimo. The article focuses on the automatization of loading, stowing and unloading ports operations, from the point of view of the impact of the technologies on the system of liabilities of the actors of maritime transport. It moves from the legal Italian rules on ports, their governance, the social protection of the employers and on the legal regime of the terminal operator. The relationship between completely automated activities in the international carrriage of goods and maritime infrastructures is analized also in the framework of international maritime law.

Lo scritto prende in esame la questione relativa al trattamento e al trasferimento dei dati personali dei passeggeri (PNR) nel trasporto aereo, con lo scopo di combattere il terrorismo internazionale e la criminalità transnazionale. La questione è stata molto dibattuta a livello europeo, a partire dal primo accordo tra USA-Ue nel 2004, poi abrogato dalla Corte di giustizia Ue, sino ai tempi più recenti, con l’approvazione della direttiva 681/2016 e il parere 1/15 del 2017 della Corte di giustizia sulla compatibilità tra l’accordo Ue-Canada e il vigente quadro normativo dell’Ue, successivo all’entrata in vigore del trattato di Lisbona e della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea. The article reviews the issue of processing and transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data in air transport, for purposes of fighting international terrorism and transnational crime. The issue has been much debated at the European level, starting from the first USA-EU Agreement of 2004, later annulled by the EU Court of Justice, until more recently, with the approval of Directive (EU) 2016/681 and the Opinion 1/15 of 26 July 2017 by the Court of Justice on the compatibility of the EU-Canada Agreement with the current regulatory framework of the EU, following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

The article concerns medical air transport, with particular reference to the rights of illness or injured passengers carried by air. Aspects concerning the european legal system on the medical emergency health service by aircraft and the requirements provisions of EMS and HEMS are examinated. Finally there is a part regarding the level of risk associated with health flight operations.

La sentenza della Cassazione 23 marzo 2017 n. 7551 ribadisce il principio che la natura demaniale marittima di un terreno non può essere esclusa se non in forza di un provvedimento amministrativo. Non può pertanto il giudice sostituirsi all’amministrazione in tale valutazione discrezionale. The judgment of the Supreme Court (n° 7551/2017) reiterates the principle according to which the public maritime nature of an area can not be excluded except by virtue of an administrative decision. Therefore, the judge can not substitute the administration for this discretionary assessment.

The article examines the sensitive issue of the italian jurisdiction in relation to the offense of facilitating illegal immigration by sea. The question arises from the fact that it is now settled practice the arrival of immigrants on italian coast on fag-free decrepit vessels and rescued in international sea. As the current criminal legislation requires, for the of italian jurisdiction, that part of the offense has to be committed in italian territory, the question has been raised as to wheather also the immigrants rescued in international sea are prosecutable and punishable under the italian law. In this regard, after reviewing the provisions on the offense of facilitating illegal immigration, the article refers to domestic and european case-law on the subject. At the end of the paper there is mention of recent measures adopted in order to try to regulate the phenomenon, and in particular the decree law of 17th february 2017 iussed by the italian government and converted into law on the 13th april 2017 which provides a package of measures intended to have major impact on the control and repression of the migration and the code of conduct intended to regulate the rescue activity carried out by NGOs.

Il connubio fra sport e luoghi di vacanza è parte integrante delle strategie di marketing turistico. La sicurezza degli sport funzionali al turismo è sempre più importante per rendere competitiva l’offerta dei luoghi di vacanza. Si conclude nel solco di questa considerazione il Trattato di cui quest’opera costituisce il terzo volume, che offre una trattazione analitica delle regole di sicurezza e degli scenari di responsabilità civile e penale legati alle attività ludico-sportive che, implicando il contatto con l’acqua o la contiguità a luoghi ove il turista fruisce del mare, dei laghi o dei fiumi, hanno in questo elemento naturale il loro trait d’union. L’acqua è protagonista di una vasta gamma di attività sportive che implicano la navigazione (da diporto, a motore, a vela, marina, lacustre o fluviale) e comunque il contatto con questo elemento (sci nautico, attività subacquee, pesca sportiva e pescaturismo). L’acqua permette di praticare attività sportive e ricreative nei lidi naturali (marini, lacustri e fluviali), come in strutture artificiali (piscine e parchi acquatici). Molte di queste attività presuppongono regimi concessori legati allo sfruttamento di beni demaniali e implicano un bilanciamento con la tutela dell’ambiente, di cui l’acqua, ovunque localizzata, è una risorsa essenziale. Tutte sono assoggettate a specifici apparati di regole volte a garantire la sicurezza degli utenti, per gestire in modo ottimale i rischi – e quindi i costi sociali – implicati dalla fruizione dell’acqua a fini sportivi e/o turistici. L’assetto di queste regole produce effetti notevoli sul comparto turistico e sulle professioni e gli operatori economici che dallo sviluppo del comparto dipendono